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Bacterial adhesion to the surface of materials is the first step in biofilm formation, which will lead to conditions that may compromise the health status of patients. Recently, polydopamine (PDA) has been proposed as an antibacterial material. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to assess and compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) discs that were modified using PDA following a biomimetic approach versus smooth PDA-coated PMMA surfaces. In addition, an assessment of the growth inhibition by PDA was performed. PMMA discs were manufactured and polished; soft lithography, using the topography from the Crocosmia aurea leaf, was used to modify their surface. PDA was used to smooth-coat PMMA discs by dip-coating. The growth inhibition was measured using an inhibition halo. The surfaces were characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the contact angle (CA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Polydopamine exhibited a significant antibacterial effect when used directly on the S. mutans planktonic cells, but such an effect was not as strong when modifying the PMMA surfaces. These results open the possibility of using polydopamine to reduce the adhesion and growth of S. mutans, which might have important consequences in the dental field.
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Background: Tomato is a source of bioactive compounds, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. Tomato leaf preparations have been empirically used for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic, and antiseptic purposes. However, research on the potential activity of tomato leaf extracts against oral microorganisms and in managing oropharyngeal infections is scarce. Objective: To investigate tomato leaf ethanolic extract's antioxidant and growth inhibitory capacity against common oral pathogenic microorganisms, namely, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans.Methods: Ethanolic extracts were made from 'Chonto' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves. The antimicrobial activity was measured with the microdilution technique using vancomycin and fluconazole as positive controls. The antioxidant capacity was measured with the ORAC assay using Trolox as a positive control. Results: We found a high percentage of growth inhibition (≥100%) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis at a concentration of 500 mg/L. However, the extract was ineffective in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. Finally, we observed that the extract exerted a high antioxidant capacity (126%) compared to the positive control. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the potential antimicrobial effect of tomato leaf extracts on common oral pathogenic bacteria, which may ultimately result in the development of new herbal products that might help prevent and treat oral infections, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Our findings also support previous studies on the high antioxidant capacity of tomato leaf extracts
Antecedentes: El tomate es una fuente de compuestos bioactivos, antimicrobianos y antioxidantes. Las hojas de tomate se han utilizado empíricamente con fines antiinflamatorios, analgésicos, antibióticos y antisépticos. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre la actividad de los extractos de hojas de tomate contra los microorganismos orales y en el manejo de las infecciones orofaríngeas son escasos. Objetivo: Investigar la capacidad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de la hoja de tomate y su actividad inhibitoria de crecimiento contra microorganismos patógenos orales comunes, a saber, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis y Candida albicans.Métodos: Se realizaron extractos etanólicos a partir de hojas de tomate 'Chonto' (Lycopersicon esculentum). La actividad antimicrobiana se midió con la técnica de microdilución utilizando vancomicina y fluconazol como controles positivos. La capacidad antioxidante se midió con el ensayo ORAC utilizando Trolox como control positivo. Resultados: Encontramos un alto porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento (≥100%) contra a S. mutans y P. gingivalis a una concentración de 500 mg/L. Sin embargo, el extracto fue ineficaz en la inhibición el crecimiento de C. albicans. Finalmente, observamos que el extracto tuvo una alta capacidad antioxidante (126%) en comparación con el control positivo. Conclusiones: Este estudio proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre el posible efecto antimicrobiano de los extractos de hojas de tomate en bacterias patógenas orales comunes, lo cual puede resultar en el desarrollo de nuevos productos naturales que podrían ayudar a prevenir y tratar infecciones orales, como la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal. Nuestros hallazgos también respaldan los estudios previos sobre la alta capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de hojas de tomate
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Antioxidantes , Streptococcus mutans , Candida albicans , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Solanum lycopersicum , EtanolRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción y objetivo: la ortodoncia se considera una especialidad clínica ejercida tradicionalmente en el marco de la práctica liberal independiente, sin embargo, los cambios en las dinámicas del mundo laboral, ameritan realizar monitoreo permanente de condiciones laborales de graduados de especialidades odontológicas. Describir las condiciones laborales y la satisfacción con el ejercicio profesional de los graduados del programa de ortodoncia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Medellín. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre el total de la población de graduados del programa. La información se recolectó a través de una encuesta. Se realizó análisis univariado para la descripción de la información y análisis bivariado para explorar asociaciones. Resultados: la frecuencia de respuesta fue del 65% y la totalidad de los participantes reportó un tiempo menor a 6 meses para su inserción laboral. Se estableció con mayor frecuencia contratación por prestación de servicios. En general, la satisfacción con el ejercicio profesional fue alta, sin embargo, un 39,4% reportó mediana o baja satisfacción con el tipo de contrato. El sexo se encontró asociado al número de horas laboradas semanalmente. Conclusiones: las condiciones de los graduados son favorables en ciertos aspectos, entre ellos, la inserción al mercado laboral en corto tiempo. Asimismo, los ingresos están en rango alto frente a los promedios del país, sin embargo, se requieren estudios que amplíen el análisis acerca de aspectos como el tipo de contratación, las horas laboradas y elementos de flexibilización laboral que pueden llevar a un deterioro progresivo del ejercicio profesional de los especialistas.
Abstract Introduction and objective: orthodontics is considered a clinical specialization that has been traditionally practiced in an independent fashion. However, working conditions for graduates from dental specialties need to be monitored due to dynamic changes of the working world. To describe the working conditions and level of satisfaction of graduates from the Orthodontics program at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin campus. Materials and methods: transversal descriptive study that considered the total population of graduates from the program. Information was collected by the use of a previously validated survey. A univariate analysis for description of information and a bivariate analysis to explore possible associations were carried out. Results: frequency of response was 65% and the whole population reported finding a job within the first six months after graduation. Provision of services was the most frequent form of contract. In general, the level of satisfaction was high, but 39.4% of the population reported average or low satisfaction, especially regarding the type of contract. Gender was associated with number of weekly worked hours. Conclusions: conditions for graduates are favorable in some areas, including the fact that occupation was readily found. Likewise, income is high when compared to average salaries in the country. However, further studies are required to expand the analyses of different aspects, such as type of contract, working hours and elements of working flexibilization that might lead to a deterioration in the professional services provided by these specialists.
Resumo Introdução e objetivo: A ortodontia é considerada uma especialidade clínica exercida tradicionalmente no âmbito da prática liberal independente. Porém, as mudanças na dinâmica do mundo do trabalho merecem acompanhamento permanente das condições de trabalho dos graduados das especialidades odontológicas. Descrever as condições de trabalho e o grau de satisfação com a prática profissional dos graduados do programa de ortodontia da Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, campus de Medellín. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo sobre a população total de formados do programa. A informação foi recolhida através de um inquérito previamente validado. Foi realizada uma análise univariada para descrever a informação e uma análise bivariada para explorar associações. Resultados: A frequência de resposta foi de 65% com todos os participantes a relataram um tempo inferior de 6 meses para a sua inserção laboral. Foi determinada com maior frequência a contratação para prestação. Em geral, a satisfação com a prática profissional foi elevada, porém 39,4% relataram uma satisfação média ou baixa, especificamente com o tipo de contrato. O número de horas trabalhadas por semana foi associado ao sexo. Conclusões: As condições dos graduados são favoráveis em certos aspetos, entre os quais, a inserção no mercado de trabalho num curto espaço de tempo. Similarmente, os rendimentos estão num nível alto em comparação com as médias do país; contudo, são necessários mais estudos a fim de alargar a análise a aspectos como o tipo de contratação, as horas trabalhadas e os elementos de flexibilidade laboral que podem levar a uma deterioração progressiva na actividade profissional dos especialistas.
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AIM: Dental arch is a dynamic structure and its size depends on genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine lower arch dimensions in children between 8 and 16 years with anterior open bite (AOB) and normal vertical overbite (NVO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 132 individuals with AOB and 132 with NVO between 8 and 16 years selected from public schools. Intercanine width, arch length, intermolar and interpremolar distances, and arch perimeter of the lower arch were measured in previously digitalized models using the GOM inspection program and an optical three-dimensional scanner. RESULTS: Individuals with NVO presented smaller lower arch size with statistical differences in intercanine (P = 0.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.02) and intermolar (P = 0.000, 95% CI: -1.76, -0.53) width and nonsignificant differences in the arch perimeter (P = 0.239, 95% CI: -1.57, 0.39) according to Mann-Whitney U-test. CONCLUSION: Individuals between 8 and 16 years of age with NVO showed smaller lower dental arch than individuals with AOB in most dimensions.
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Abstract Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection progressively destroys the immune system and increases the susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits and safety of zinc supplements at nutritional doses. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo control trial was performed in 40 adult patients that received either zinc sulfate or placebo daily during 12 weeks. The CD4 lymphocytes count was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated different clinical and epidemiological variables. Results: After the intervention, an increase ≥ 20% in CD4 lymphocytes was compared between groups; better response was observed in patients who received zinc (90% vs. 25%, p = 0.00), RR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.66; 7.8, p = 0.000) and reduction of relative risk of 74% compared to placebo. Conclusion: This clinical trial shows that patients who receive zinc sulfate supplement could increase the CD4 lymphocyte counting.
Resumen Introducción: la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana destruye progresivamente el sistema inmune, aumentando la susceptibilidad a infecciones oportunistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los beneficios y la seguridad de los suplementos de zinc en dosis nutricionales en pacientes diagnosticados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego en 40 pacientes adultos a quienes se suministró diariamente sulfato de zinc o placebo por 12 semanas. Se evaluó el recuento de linfocitos CD4 al inicio y al final de la intervención; además se evaluaron variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Resultados: Después de la intervención, se comparó entre los grupos un aumento ≥ 20% de los linfocitos CD4, observándose una mejor respuesta en los pacientes que recibieron zinc (90 % vs. 25 %, p = 0,00), RR = 3,6 (IC 95 % 1,66; 7,8, p = 0,000) y una reducción del riesgo relativo de 74 % en comparación con placebo. Conclusión: este estudio muestra que el sulfato de zinc puede mejorar los niveles de linfocitos CD4 en pacientes infectados con VIH.
