The role of two organic amendments to modify the environmental fate of S-metolachlor in agricultural soils.

S-metolachlor is a widely used herbicide that may contaminate groundwater when applied to irrigated crops, especially when the soil has a low organic carbon (OC) content. The objective here was to assess the capacity of two organic wastes, namely, green compost (GC) and pelletised organo-mineral manure fertilizer (PM), applied to two soils (S) with different textures at a rate of 10% dry weight to modify the fate of S-metolachlor. The herbicide's Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf) increased within a range of 3.2-8.2 times in S + GC and 3.8-6.8 times in S + PM. A positive correlation between adsorption and OC and the coefficient of variation of the OC normalised adsorption coefficients (Kfoc) higher than 20% indicated the evident influence on this process of soil OC content and its nature. The increase in adsorption did not prevent the dissipation of S-metolachlor in the amended soils, although the degradation rate decreased up to ~2 times or was not significantly modified across the different soil types. The S-metolachlor metabolites, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid and metolachlor oxanilic acid, were detected in the herbicide's dissipation in the unamended soils, but they were not detected in the amended soils. The mobility experiments indicated leached amounts of S-metolachlor higher than 50% in unamended soil. The amounts decreased 1.1-1.7 times and 1.7-1.8 times in the S + GC and S + PM when a saturated flow was applied. Moreover, breakthrough curves indicated a slow leaching kinetics of herbicide in amended soils, with low concentrations continuously detected in the leachates together with a decrease in the maximum peak concentration. The results show the effect of the application of organic wastes especially in sandy soils to promote the immobilisation and/or degradation of S-metolachlor, avoiding its transfer to other environmental compartments.

Importancia de las infecciones por Candida en neonatología / Importance of Candida infections in neonatology

Las infecciones por Candida spp. son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en neonatos prematuros, especialmente en neonatos pretérmino de muy bajo peso al nacer (peso inferior a 1.500g). Se realiza una revisión de las infecciones por Candida en neonatología, unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales en neonatos pretérmino de muy bajo peso al nacer, y la conveniencia o no de la utilización de profilaxis, principalmente con fluconazol, y de los factores de riesgo asociados a estos neonatos. La utilización de profilaxis no es una práctica utilizada de forma sistemática en todos los hospitales ni en todas las unidades de intensivos neonatales, dependiendo su implantación de la incidencia de infección por Candida, de la mortalidad asociada y de las características particulares del centro hospitalario. Con base en la evidencia científica, no se sugiere el uso de profilaxis antifúngica de forma rutinaria en todos los neonatos pretérmino (grado 2B). Esta se reserva para los neonatos de peso inferior a 1.000g en centros con alta incidencia de infección fúngica. Y en estos casos se sugiere la utilización de fluconazol frente a otros antifúngicos debido a la mayor y más robusta evidencia

Candida infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, and especially in preterm infants of very low birth weight (less than 1,500g). A review is presented on Candida infections in neonatology, neonatal intensive care units in preterm infants of very low birth weight and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of prophylaxis, mainly with fluconazole, and the associated risk factors. The use of prophylaxis is not a practice used systematically in all hospitals or in all neonatal intensive care units. Its implementation depends on the incidence of Candida infection, the associated mortality, and the particular characteristics of the hospital. Based on scientific evidence, the use of antifungal prophylaxis is not routinely suggested in all preterm infants (grade 2B). This is reserved for neonates weighing less than 1,000g in centres with a high incidence of fungal infection. Also, in these cases the use of fluconazole against other antifungals is suggested due to the greater and more robust evidence

Recycling organic residues in soils as amendments: Effect on the mobility of two herbicides under different management practices.

The addition of organic residues to soil to increase its organic matter content is considered as a viable option for sustainable food production in soils sensitive to degradation and erosion. However, the recycling of these organic residues in agricultural soils needs to be previously appraised because they can modify the behaviour of pesticides when they are simultaneously applied in agricultural practices. This study evaluated the changes in the mobility and persistence of two herbicides, triasulfuron and prosulfocarb, after two repeated applications in field experimental plots in an unamended soil and one amended with green compost (GC) for seven months. Different factors were studied: i) soil without amendment (S), ii) soil amended with two doses of GC (∼12 t C ha-1, S + GC1 and 40 t C ha-1, S + GC2), and iii) soils unamended and amended with different irrigation conditions: non-irrigated and with additional irrigation (2.8 mm per week). After the first application of herbicides, the results initially indicated no significant effects of soil treatments or irrigation conditions for triasulfuron mobility in agreement with the residual concentrations in the soil profile. The effect of irrigation was noted after one month of herbicide application and the effect of the soil treatment was significant after two months because the persistence of triasulfuron in S + GC2 was maintained until 50% of the applied amount. For prosulfocarb, the influence of soil amendment was significant for the initial persistence of the herbicide in S + GC2, higher than in S or S + GC1, in agreement with its adsorption constants for this soil. However, dissipation or leaching of the herbicide over time was not inhibited in this soil. After the repeated application of herbicides, the influence of the treatment of soils and/or irrigation was significant for the leaching and dissipation of both herbicides. The initial dissipation/degradation or leaching of herbicides was higher than after the first application, although persistence was maintained after five months of application in amended soils for triasulfuron and in unamended and amended soils for prosulfocarb. The results confirm that high doses of GC increased the persistence of both herbicides. This practice may offer the possibility of applying a tailored dose of GC to soil for striking a balance between residual concentrations and the soil agronomic effect.

Síndrome celulitis-adenitis por "Streptococcus agalactiae" en gemelos / Cellulitis-adenitis syndrome by Streptococcus agalactiae in twins

La sepsis tardía por Streptococcus agalactiae, o Streptococcus del grupo B (SGB), es una entidad que aparece entre los 7 días y 3 meses de edad y que suele manifestarse como bacteriemia/sepsis sin foco; no obstante, puede aparecer a modo de infección local, como en el caso del síndrome celulitis-adenitis. Se describen 2 casos clínicos en hermanos gemelos con aparición de sepsis tardía por SGB acompañado de síndrome celulitis-adenitis con un intervalo de separación de 3 semanas

Late-onset sepsis by Streptococcus agalactiae is an entity that appears between 7 days and 3 months of age and it usually manifests as bacteremia/sepsis without focus. However, it may appear as a local infection such as cellulitis-adenitis syndrome. Two clinical cases are described in twins with the occurrence of late-onset sepsis by group B Streptococcus (GBS) with cellulitis-adenitis syndrome in a time interval of 3 weeks

Application of green compost as amendment in an agricultural soil: Effect on the behaviour of triasulfuron and prosulfocarb under field conditions.

Herbicides are essential in agricultural systems for maintaining crop yields, as weeds compromise grain production. Furthermore, the application of organic amendments to soil is an increasingly frequent agricultural practice for avoiding irreversible soil degradation. However, this practice could modify the behaviour of the herbicides applied, with implications for their absorption by weeds. This study evaluated the dissipation, persistence and mobility of the herbicides triasulfuron and prosulfocarb in a sandy clay loam soil unamended and amended with green compost (GC) in a field experiment using single or combined commercial formulations of both herbicides. The study was carried out in experimental plots (eight treatments × three replicates) corresponding to unamended soil and soil amended with GC, untreated and treated with the herbicide formulations Logran®, Auros® and Auros Plus® over 100 days. The half-life (DT50) of triasulfuron applied individually was 19.4 days, and increased in the GC-amended soil (46.7 days) due to its higher adsorption by this soil, although non-significant differences between DT50 values were found when it was applied in combination with prosulfocarb. Prosulfocarb dissipated faster than triasulfuron under all the conditions assayed, but non-significant differences were observed for the different treatments. The analysis of the herbicides at different soil depths (0-50 cm) after their application confirmed the leaching of both herbicides to deeper soil layers under all conditions, although larger amounts of residues were found in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers. The application of GC to the soil increased the persistence of both herbicides, and prevented the rapid leaching of triasulfuron in the soil, but the leaching of prosulfocarb was not inhibited. The influence of single or combined formulations was observed for triasulfuron, but not for prosulfocarb. The results obtained highlight the interest of obtaining field data to design rational joint applications of GC and herbicides to prevent the possible decrease in their effectiveness for weeds or the risk of water contamination.

Study of processes influencing bioavailability of pesticides in wood-soil systems: Effect of different factors.

Lignocellulosic wastes and by-products containing lignin are now available in large amounts from forestry and industrial activities, and could be promising organic materials for the biosorption of pesticides by soils in order to reduce point-source pollution. Adding these materials to soil requires understanding the process of pesticide sorption-desorption by wood-soils, as sorption capacity could increase, with changes in pesticide bioavailability and final fate. The objective of this work was to study the effect that pine and oak wood added to soils had on the sorption/desorption of the pesticides linuron, alachlor, and metalaxyl. Experiments were conducted with two sandy loam and sandy clay soils each amended with two wood doses (5% and 50%) after different incubation times (0, 5 and 12 months). A low wood dose (5%) had no significant impact on the sorption (Kf) of alachlor, but Kf increased for linuron (up to 5.4-1.7 times) and metalaxyl (up to 4.4 and 8.6 times) in all wood-soil systems. The results were not significantly different after different incubation times. The desorption results indicated that wood decreases the sorption irreversibility of alachlor, and increases that of linuron and metalaxyl, with a varying effect of the wood-soil incubation time. The addition of a high wood dose to soil (50%) was more significant for increasing the sorption of all the pesticides, and the sorbed amounts remaining after desorption (>49% for linuron, >33% for alachlor and >6% for metalaxyl), although there was no apparent discrimination between the two types of woods. The role of the nature of the organic carbón (Koc values) for sorption was evidenced for alachlor and metalaxyl, but not for linuron. These outcomes are of interest for extending wood application to soil as a barrier for avoiding environmental risk by point-source pollution due to the use and management of pesticides in farming systems.

Patient-derived xenotransplants can recapitulate the genetic driver landscape of acute leukemias.

Genomic studies have identified recurrent somatic mutations in acute leukemias. However, current murine models do not sufficiently encompass the genomic complexity of human leukemias. To develop preclinical models, we transplanted 160 samples from patients with acute leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia, mixed lineage leukemia, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-cell ALL) into immunodeficient mice. Of these, 119 engrafted with expected immunophenotype. Targeted sequencing of 374 genes and 265 frequently rearranged RNAs detected recurrent and novel genetic lesions in 48 paired primary tumor (PT) and patient-derived xenotransplant (PDX) samples. Overall, the frequencies of 274 somatic variant alleles correlated between PT and PDX samples, although the data were highly variable for variant alleles present at 0-10%. Seventeen percent of variant alleles were detected in either PT or PDX samples only. Based on variant allele frequency changes, 24 PT-PDX pairs were classified as concordant while the other 24 pairs showed various degree of clonal discordance. There was no correlation of clonal concordance with clinical parameters of diseases. Significantly more bone marrow samples than peripheral blood samples engrafted discordantly. These data demonstrate the utility of developing PDX banks for modeling human leukemia, and emphasize the importance of genomic profiling of PDX and patient samples to ensure concordance before performing mechanistic or therapeutic studies.

Potenciar la calidad en formación continua: una aplicación en el ámbito deportivo / Enhancing quality in training programs: an application in the sport area

En el ámbito educativo, la gestión de la calidad suele llevarse a cabo mediante la aplicación de modelos específicos para este ámbito o bien mediante modelos estándares. Ambas alternativas tienen sus ventajas e inconvenientes; sin embargo, la mayoría de las organizaciones educativas prefieren implantar modelos estándares que suelen conllevar ciertos desajustes durante su implementación. Para hacer frente a esta situación, en este trabajo se propone un instrumento que, aplicado durante los procesos evaluativos de estas organizaciones, facilita la especificación y mejora de la participación, la utilidad y la transparencia, creando un contexto que favorezca la aplicación exitosa de los modelos estándares de gestión. Se describe su aplicación en la evaluación de necesidades llevada a cabo en el Departamento de Formación Continua de una organización andaluza dedicada al ámbito deportivo; se analizan los resultados mediante indicadores clave antes y después de aplicar el instrumento; y se valoran las ventajas obtenidas (AU)

In the field of education, specific or standard models of quality management are usually performed. Both alternatives have their advantages and disadvantages, but most educational organizations prefer to implement standard models which usually include some mismatches during their implementation. To address this situation, we propose an instrument that, when applied during the evaluation processes of these organizations, facilitates the specification and improvement of participation, usefulness and transparency. This creates a context that enhances the successful application of standard models. The instrument implementation is described in the needs assessment process of the Training Program Department in an Andalusian sports organization. Results are analyzed using key indicators before and after applying the instrument. Finally, potential advantages are discussed (AU)

Field versus laboratory experiments to evaluate the fate of azoxystrobin in an amended vineyard soil.

This study reports the effect that adding spent mushroom substrate (SMS) to a representative vineyard soil from La Rioja region (Spain) has on the behaviour of azoxystrobin in two different environmental scenarios. Field dissipation experiments were conducted on experimental plots amended at rates of 50 and 150 t ha(-1), and similar dissipation experiments were simultaneously conducted in the laboratory to identify differences under controlled conditions. Azoxystrobin dissipation followed biphasic kinetics in both scenarios, although the initial dissipation phase was much faster in the field than in the laboratory experiments, and the half-life (DT50) values obtained in the two experiments were 0.34-46.3 days and 89.2-148 days, respectively. Fungicide residues in the soil profile increased in the SMS amended soil and they were much higher in the top two layers (0-20 cm) than in deeper layers. The persistence of fungicide in the soil profile is consistent with changes in azoxystrobin adsorption by unamended and amended soils over time. Changes in the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of soils under different treatments assayed in the field and in the laboratory indicated that SMS and the fungicide had a stimulatory effect on soil DHA. The results reveal that the laboratory studies usually reported in the literature to explain the fate of pesticides in amended soils are insufficient to explain azoxystrobin behaviour under real conditions. Field studies are necessary to set up efficient applications of SMS and fungicide, with a view to preventing the possible risk of water contamination.

Use of raw or incubated organic wastes as amendments in reducing pesticide leaching through soil columns.

Soil amendment with organic wastes is becoming a widespread management practice since it can effectively solve the problems of uncontrolled waste accumulation and improve soil quality. However, when simultaneously applied with pesticides, organic wastes can significantly modify the environmental behaviour of these compounds. This study evaluated the effect of sewage sludges (SS), grape marc (GM) and spent mushroom substrates (SMS) on the leaching of linuron, diazinon and myclobutanil in packed columns of a sandy soil with low organic matter (OM) content (<1%). Soil plus amendments had been incubated for one month (1 m) or 12 months (12 m). Data from the experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs) were fitted to the one-dimensional transport model CXTFIT 2.1. All three amendments reduced leaching of linuron and myclobutanil relative to unamended soil. SMS was the most effective in reducing leaching of these two compounds independent of whether soil was incubated for 1 m or 12 m. Soil amendments increased retardation coefficients (Rexp) by factors of 3 to 5 for linuron, 2 to 4 for diazinon and 3 to 5 for myclobutanil relative to unamended soil. Leaching of diazinon was relatively little affected by soil amendment compared to the other two compounds and both SS and SMS amendment with 1m incubation resulted in enhanced leaching of diazinon. The leaching data for linuron and myclobutanil were well described by CXTFIT (mean square error, MSE<4.9·10(-7) and MSE<7.0·10(-7), respectively) whereas those of diazinon were less well fitted (MSE<2.1·10(-6)). The BTCs for pesticides were similar in soils incubated for one month or one year, indicating that the effect of amendment on leaching persists over relatively long periods of time.

Hidatidosis renal tratada con nefrectomía abierta: a propósito de un caso / Renal hydatidosis treated with open nephrectomy: report of a case

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hidatidosis o equinococosis es una enfermedad parasitaria que afecta al riñón de forma excepcional. El diagnóstico se basa en pruebas serológicas y radiológicas como la TAC. Conviene realizar un buen diagnóstico diferencial y distinguir otras tumoraciones quísticas renales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A partir de un caso clínico, se revisa la sistemática diagnóstica y las opciones de tratamiento de la hidatidosis renal. RESULTADOS: La TAC es la prueba de imagen más eficaz. La serología no es demasiado útil. La nefrectomía total extraperitoneal es el tratamiento de elección. Debe ser precedida de tratamiento escolicida. Otras opciones son la cirugía parcial y la punción percutánea. CONCLUSIONES: La hidatidosis renal es una rara enfermedad que precisa diagnóstico preciso (TAC). Cuando es sintomática el tratamiento es la nefrectomía. La laparoscopia, retroperitoneoscopia o la punción percutánea se han practicado en casos aislados (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Hydatid disease or echinococcosis is a parasitic disease that affects the kidney by way of exception. The diagnosis is based on serology and radiological tests such as CT. It should make a good differential diagnosis and distinguish other renal cystic tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a case report, we review the diagnosis and treatment options for renal hydatidosis. RESULTS CT is the imaging more efficient. Serology is not very useful. Concerning the treatment, extraperitoneal nephrectomy is the gold standard. Other options include partial surgery and percutaneous puncture. Medical treatment with Scolicides is applied before and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Renal hydatid disease is a rare condition that requires accurate diagnosis (TAC). When it is symptomatic nephrectomy is required. Laparoscopy, retroperitoneoscopy and percutaneous punction have been practiced in isolated cases (AU)

Differential action of small molecule HER kinase inhibitors on receptor heterodimerization: therapeutic implications.

Deregulation of ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinases has been linked to several types of cancer. The mechanism of activation of these receptors includes establishment of receptor dimers. Here, we have analyzed the action of different small molecule HER tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on HER receptor dimerization. Breast cancer cell lines were treated with distinct TKIs and the formation of HER2-HER3 dimers was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation and western blot or by Förster resonance energy transfer assays. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was analyzed by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase and cell viability. Lapatinib and neratinib interfered with ligand-induced dimerization of HER receptors; while pelitinib, gefitinib, canertinib or erlotinib did not. Moreover, lapatinib and neratinib were able to disrupt previously formed receptor dimers. Structural analyses allowed the elucidation of the mechanism by which some TKIs prevent the formation of HER receptor dimers, while others do not. Experiments aimed at defining the functional importance of dimerization indicated that TKIs that impeded dimerization prevented down-regulation of HER2 receptors, and favored the action of trastuzumab. We postulate that TKIs that prevent dimerization and down-regulation of HER2 may augment the antitumoral action of trastuzumab, and this mechanism of action should be considered in the treatment of HER2 positive tumors which combine TKIs with antireceptor antibodies.

Riesgo de mantener obesidad desde la infancia hasta el final de la adolescencia / The risk of staying obese from childhood to the end of adolescence

Introducción: la obesidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud dada su asociación, a cualquier edad, con una extensa comorbilidad, destacando la enfermedad cardiovascular y la diabetes tipo 2. Su presencia en la infancia supone un riesgo de persistencia en edades posteriores. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el riesgo que tienen los niños que son obesos según el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), a distintas edades, de mantener este estado cuando son jóvenes adultos. Pacientes y métodos: se realiza un estudio longitudinal de 153 niños nacidos en 1989, determinando su percentil de IMC por edad y sexo, a los 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11 y 14 años, e IMC a los 18 años. Se calcula el riesgo relativo que presentan los niños que son obesos a cada una de estas edades de presentar obesidad a los 18-19 años. Resultados: los niños que presentan obesidad a partir de los seis años tienen un riesgo claro (de 7 a 23) de mantener obesidad a los 18 años, siendo máximo este riesgo (23,8) a los 11 años: 40,9 en niñas y 11,7 en niños. La prevalencia de obesidad a los 18 años es del 7,18%, (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 3,0-11,0) (6,25% en hombres y 7,86% en mujeres) y la de sobrepeso es del 18,3%, (IC 95%: 11,9-24,0), (26,56% en hombres y 12,35% en mujeres). Conclusiones: los niños que son obesos a partir de los seis años presentan riesgo de ser obesos a los 18-19 años (AU)

Introduction: obesity is one of the most important problems in public health. It’s associated, at any age, with extensive comorbidity, notably cardiovascular disease and type2 diabetes. When present in childhood, obesity poses a risk of remaining at later ages. The objective of this study is to know the risk of children who are obese (according to Body Mass Index: BMI) at different stages of childhood, to stay obese when they become young adults. Subjects and methods: a long-term study of 153 children born in 1989 is carried out, calculating their BMI at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, and 18 years old. The relative risk of the children who are obese at each one of those ages to remain obese at 18-19 was calculated. Results: children who are obese at 6, or later, showed an evident risk (from 7 to 23) to stay obese at 18. This risk peaks (23.8) at 11 years old, with figures of 40.9 in girls and 11.7 in boys. The prevalence of obesity at 18 is 7.18% (CI: 3.0-11.0) (6.25% in males, and 7.86 in females); the prevalence of overweight is 18.3% (CI: 11.9-24.0) (26.56% in males and 12.35% in females). Conclusions: children who are obese at age 6, or older, show a higher risk of remaining obese at 18-19 years old (AU)

Effect of spent mushroom substrate applied to vineyard soil on the behaviour of copper-based fungicide residues.

The effect of the addition of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) to the soil as an amendment on the distribution and/or fate of copper from a copper-based fungicide applied to a vineyard soil in La Rioja (N. Spain) was studied. The study was carried out on experimental plots amended or not with SMS at rates of 40 and 100 t ha(-1). The variation in total Cu content in the topsoil (0-10 cm) and in the soil profile (0-50 cm), and the distribution of Cu in different fractions of the topsoil were studied as a function of the dose of Cu added (5 and 10 kg ha(-1)) and of the time elapsed since application (0-12 months). In addition, the changes in the chemical properties (solid organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH) of the soils were studied. A greater capacity for Cu retention by the amended soils than by the unamended one was observed only when the fungicide was applied at the high dose. No effect of the amendment rate was noted on this retention capacity. The metal content in the topsoil decreased over time in step with the disappearance of the OC in the amended soil due to its oxidation, mineralization and/or leaching. This decrease in total Cu content was possibly due to the formation of soluble Cu complexes with the DOC, which facilitated its transport through the soil. A re-distribution of Cu in the different soil fractions was also observed over time, mainly from the organic to the residual fraction. The results obtained indicate that the increase in OC due to the application of SMS at the rates used does not lead to any significant increase in the persistence of Cu in the soil over time. Of greater interest would be the assessment of the risk for groundwater quality, owing to possible leaching of the fungicide enhanced by the SMS when SMS and Cu-based fungicides are jointly applied to vineyard soils.

Estudio de la relación existente entre el exceso de peso y la aparición de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población adulta joven de un centro de salud en seguimiento desde los 2 años de edad / Study on the relationship between overweight and the appearance of cardiovascular risk factors in a young adult population of a health center, on follow-up from 2 years of age

Introducción. La obesidad es un diagnóstico cada vez más frecuente en nuestra sociedad. Existe una relación ampliamente documentada entre la existencia de obesidad en infancia, adolescencia y edad adulta y la presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). Es objetivo de este estudio describir las características en cuanto a datos antropométricos y analíticos de la población nacida en 1989 y en seguimiento desde los 2 años en un centro de salud; y la relación entre el exceso de peso y la presencia de FRCV en el momento actual y en los pacientes que ya tenían exceso de peso en la infancia. Pacientes y métodos. Se realiza un estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de cohorte. De los 277 pacientes de la muestra inicial, se logra contactar telefónicamente con 153 que participan en el estudio actual y a los que se realiza analítica, medición de parámetros antropométricos y toma de tensión arterial. Resultados. La prevalencia de obesidad en los sujetos del estudio fue del 7,18% y la de sobrepeso del 18,3%. En cuanto a la presencia de FRCV (hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, colesterol HDL bajo, diabetes), el 72,72% de los participantes obesos presentó alteración de uno o más de ellos, existiendo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la obesidad y la presencia de hipertensión, hipertrigliceridemia y HDL bajo. Conclusión. La obesidad y el sobrepeso son frecuentes en adultos jóvenes. Tanto el diagnóstico de obesidad en edad adulta, como su diagnóstico en la infancia, se relacionan con una mayor frecuencia de aparición de FRCV (AU)

Introduction. The diagnosis of obesity is becoming increasingly common in our society. The relationship between obesity in children, young and adult populations and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) have been extensively documented. The aim of the present study is to describe the anthropometric and analytical characteristics of a population born in 1989, and being followed-up from two years of age. They all attended the same health care centre. The relationship between previous and current weight excess and the presence of CVRF was also studied. Patients and methods. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study has been performed. Of the 277 patients from the initial sample, 153 were invited to participate in the study. Anthropometrics measurements, blood tests and blood pressure data were collected. Results. The prevalence of weight disorders in the sample were 7.18% (obesity) and 18.3% (overweight). As regards the presence of CVRF (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, diabetes), 72.72% of the sample have at least one CVRF, showing a strong statistical relationship between obesity and some CVRF. Conclusion. Obesity and overweight are becoming common in the young adult population. An obesity diagnosis at adult age, as well as in childhood, is strongly associated with the presence of CVRF (AU)

Tratamiento perioperatorio de una niña con origen anómalo de la arteria coronaria izquierda desde la arteria pulmonar (Síndrome de Alcapa) / No disponible

No disponible

Enhanced retention of linuron, alachlor and metalaxyl in sandy soil columns intercalated with wood barriers.

A study has been made of the effect a reactive barrier made of pine (softwood) or oak (hardwood) wood intercalated in a sandy soil column has on the retention of linuron, alachlor and metalaxyl (pesticides with contrasting physicochemical characteristics). The leaching of pesticides has been carried out under a saturated flow regime and breakthrough curves (BTCs) have been obtained at flow rates of 1 m Lmin(-1) (all pesticides) and 3 m Lmin(-1) (linuron). The cumulative curves in the unmodified soil indicate a leaching of pesticides >80% of the total amount of compound added. After barrier intercalation, linuron leaching decreases significantly and a modification of the leaching kinetics of alachlor and metalaxyl has been observed. The theoretical R factors increased ∼2.6-3.3, 1.2-1.6-fold, and 1.4-1.7-fold and the concentration of the maximum peak decreased ∼6-12-fold, 2-4-fold and 1.2-2-fold for linuron, alachlor and metalaxyl, respectively. When considering the three pesticides, significant correlations have been found between the theoretical retardation factor (R) and the pore volume corresponding to the maximum peaks of the BTCs (r=0.77; p<0.05) or the total volume leached (r=-0.78; p<0.05). The results reveal the efficacy of reactive wood barriers to decrease the leaching of pesticides from point sources of pollution depends on the type of wood, the hydrophobicity of the pesticide and the adopted water flow rate. Pine was more effective than oak in decreasing the leaching of hydrophobic pesticide linuron or in decreasing the maximum peak concentration of the less hydrophobic pesticides in soils. Efficacy of these wood barriers was limited for the least hydrophobic pesticide metalaxyl.

Physicochemical study of the sorption of pesticides by wood components.

The sorption-desorption and interaction mechanisms of three non-ionic (linuron, alachlor, and metalaxyl) and two ionic (paraquat and dicamba) pesticides by three commercial lignins (hydrophobic macromolecule) and cellulose (hydrophilic macromolecule) as wood components were studied. Wood is a low-cost and environmentally friendly material proposed in recent years to immobilize pesticides in soils. The influence of sorbent and pesticide properties and the identification of the functional groups of the organic molecules involved in sorption were evaluated by a statistical approach and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sorption isotherms of non-ionic pesticides by the lignins and cellulose fit the Freundlich model, and those of the ionic pesticides also fit the Langmuir model. The sorption constants of pesticides by cellulose were 62-, 9-, 24-, 119-, and 3-fold lower than those for the sorption by lignins. A predictive model of pesticide sorption indicated that 88.5% of the variability in the sorption coefficient normalized to the organic carbon content could be explained in terms of the variability of the polarity index and the octanol-water partition coefficient of sorbent and sorbate. The greater irreversibility observed for ionic pesticides was attributed to the involvement of simultaneous interaction mechanisms. The results obtained contribute the knowledge of sorption capacity of pesticides by lignin/cellulose, the main components of woods and ubiquitous materials in the environment.