Protocols for Mechanical Cleaning of the Post Space on the Bond Strength Between Root Dentin and Cementation System.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of mechanical versus chemical cleaning protocols for cleaning the root dentin surface before cementation of fiberglass posts for their effect on the bond strength, failure mode, and dentinal penetration of the cementing agent using an etch-and-rinse adhesive system on dentin prepared to receive a fiberglass post. METHODS: Forty roots of bovine teeth were endodontically treated and prepared for fiber post cementation. The specimens were randomized into 4 groups of 10: Control group (CO) - irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; DW group- irrigation with distilled water; RB group - rotating brush for cleaning root canals, and CUI group - continuous ultrasonic irrigation. The fiberglass posts were cemented, and the specimens were immersed in distilled water for 6 months. A push-out test was performed on the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the samples. Dentinal penetration of the cementing agent and the fracture pattern were evaluated by laser confocal microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: The RB and CUI groups showed significantly higher bond strength values when compared to the Control and DW groups (p<0.05). In addition, in the control and DW groups, the apical third presented lower bond strength values when compared to middle and cervical thirds. CONCLUSION: While DW showed the highest incidence of adhesive type failure, CUI resulted in the highest dentinal penetration of the cementing agent (p<0.05). RB and CUI resulted in the highest bond strength between cementation system and root dentin. In addition, CUI favored greater dentinal penetration of fiberglass post cementing agent.

Impact of bisphosphonate therapy on dental implant outcomes: An overview of systematic review evidence.

The purpose of this overview was to assess the methods, quality, and outcomes of systematic reviews conducted to evaluate the impact of bisphosphonates on dental implants and the risk of developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental implant surgery. An electronic search without date or language restriction was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and LILACS databases (to January 2018). Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews that evaluated the impact of bisphosphonates on implant outcomes. The quality assessment of the included reviews was done using AMSTAR 2 guidelines. The protocol of this overview was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018089617). The search and selection process yielded seven reviews, published between 2009 and 2017. None of the systematic reviews included in this study obtained the maximum score in the quality assessment. The scientific evidence available demonstrates that patients with a history of bisphosphonate use do not present a higher risk of dental implant failure or marginal bone loss compared to patients who have not used bisphosphonates. The literature also suggests that patients who undergo surgical trauma during the installation of dental implants may be more susceptible to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Does exercise intensity increment in exergame promote changes in strength, functional capacity and perceptual parameters in pre-frail older women? A randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two exercise intensities on exergame training program in muscle strength, functional capacity and perceptual parameters in pre-frail older women. Thirty-four women (69.5 ±â€¯5.4 years) were randomly assigned to either moderate- (MG: 11-13 perceived exertion) or vigorous-exercise intensity group (VG: 14-16 perceived exertion). Muscle strength and functional capacity were evaluated before and after 3 months of training. The affective responses were measured once a week and perceived benefit was evaluated after training period. The MG improved the average power at 60°/s from pre- to post-training (p < 0.002) on the knee extensor (pre = 100.0 ±â€¯15.9 W; post = 115.2 ±â€¯22.6 W), flexor (pre = 22.3 ±â€¯6.1 W; post = 29.1 ±â€¯7.9 W) and plantiflexor muscles (pre = 11.4 ±â€¯5.9 W; post = 21.2 ±â€¯4.2 W). MG presented greater average power at post-training than VG for knee extensor (20%) and flexor muscles (23%) (p < 0.039). There was main time effect of peak torque at 180°/s for knee extensor (pre = 74.15 ±â€¯14.28 N·m/kg; post = 81.31 ±â€¯18.4 N·m/kg), flexor (pre = 43.01 ±â€¯12.43 N·m/kg; post = 48.3 ±â€¯9.11 N·m/kg) and plantiflexor muscles (pre = 29.2 ±â€¯13.76 N·m/kg; post = 36.87 ±â€¯9.7 N·m/kg) as well as average power (pre = 41.15 ±â€¯15.67 W; post = 48.42 ±â€¯11.8 W) and work (pre = 99.92 ±â€¯38.53 J; post = 117.03 ±â€¯25.56 J) on the knee flexor muscles (p < 0.046). MG improved timed up and go performance from pre- to post-training (pre = 10.0 ±â€¯0.32 s; post = 8.1 ±â€¯1.6 s, p = 0.001), whereas both groups improved 10 m-walk performance (pre = 1.33 ±â€¯0.25 s, post = 1.5 ±â€¯0.24 s; p = 0.003). Positive affect (2.64 ±â€¯0.02) and pleasure (15.8 ±â€¯0.6) for MG were greater than VG at post-training (2.36 ±â€¯0.03; p < 0.001; 14.4 ±â€¯0.5; p < 0.03). Therefore, regardless of the exercise intensity, exergame training improved muscle strength and functional capacity in pre-frail older women. However, positive affect and pleasure were reported only when older women practiced exergame with moderate exercise intensity.

Use of a Direct Anatomic Post in a Flared Root Canal: A Three-year Follow-up.

The following case report describes the three-year follow-up after rehabilitation of a flared root canal using a direct anatomic post (a resin composite combined with a prefabricated glass fiber post) associated with metal-free ceramic restoration. The report presents the clinical protocol for the fabrication of the posts, which provide an intimate fit to the remaining root and mechanical properties similar to those of the dental structure. These posts serve as an alternative to conventional metal cores.

Atividade alelopática dos lixiviados de Asemeia extraaxillaris (Polygalaceae) sobre o crescimento de Ipomoea cordifolia / Allelopathic activity of leachates from Asemeia extraaxillaris (Polygalaceae) on the growth of Ipomoea cordifolia

RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade alelopática dos lixiviados das raízes e folhas secas de Asemeia extraaxillaris sobre o crescimento de corda de viola Ipomoea cordifolia em casa de vegetação, para avaliação dos efeitos sobre o estresse oxidativo. Nos bioensaios foram utilizadas três concentrações (0,25 - 5,00 e 10,00 g) e um controle, com quatro repetições de 10 plantas, cultivadas em solo durante 30 dias. Os lixiviados possuem ação alelopática e o maior efeito foi verificado para o pó das raizes. O efeito inibitório foi dose-dependente e o aumento do estresse oxidativo foi observado pelos níveis da catalase, peroxidase, superóxido dismutase, glutationa redutase, peroxidação lipídica e síntese de formazan. Concluiu-se que A. extraaxillaris possui substâncias capazes de afetar a emergência, o crescimento e o estresse oxidativo de I. cordifolia.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to assess the allelopathic activity of leachates from the roots and dried leaves of Asemeia extraaxillaris on the germination and growth of corda de viola (Ipomoea cordifolia) in a greenhouse, and evaluate its effect on oxidative stress. For the bioassays, three concentrations (0.25, 5.00, and 10.00 g) and one control were used, with four replications of 10 plants, cultivated in soil for 30 days. The leachates exhibited allelopathic action, and the greatest effect was found in the root powder. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent and the increase in oxidative stress was observed by the levels of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, and formazan synthesis. It was affirmed that A. extraaxillaris contains substances capable of affecting seedling emergence, growth, and oxidative stress in I. cordifolia.

The presence of Microlobius foetidus cause changes in the antioxidant defense of Urochloa decumbens?

Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) is an exotic species with has spread rapidly through the Cerrado area of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has covered the soil aggressively turning it into cultivated pastures. Thus, it has become a challenge to protect native areas due its capacity of exclusion of native species. It has been observed that Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade species (Fabaceae) shows a dominant pattern over the development of U. decumbens. This work shows that M. foetidus interfere on the natural growth of U. decumbens within 10 m ratio. Between 15 and 20 m, it was observed an increase of Importance Value index (IVI) and Relative cover (RC) values. It was also observed a variation on the antioxidant defense system of U. decumbens within 10m ratio from M. foetidus. The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase present higher levels of activity then those found for glutathione reductase. This data indicates that M. foetidus may have an effect on U. decumbens, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect probably happens as means to neutralize the toxic effects of the oxygen generated due to the presence of allelochemicals, which increases oxidative stress.

Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases and LH receptors in mare follicular development.

The period from the emergence of a dominant follicle until its formation requires tissue remodeling. Enzymes promoting collagen lysis, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are fundamental for the process of extracellular matrix remodeling, which allows changes in ovarian tissue architecture during follicular growth. It has been suggested that the production of these enzymes may be affected by the rise in circulating concentrations of LH, which acts on the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and LH receptor (LHR) in the ovulation fossa and in the central portion of the equine ovary during follicular deviation and dominance. Ovaries of 12 cyclic mares were selected and subsequently divided into two groups: development (DEV) group and dominant (DOM) group. The DEV group consisted of ovaries from six animals whose follicles were less than 28 mm in diameter (follicular deviation), and the DOM group consisted of ovaries from six animals whose follicles measured 28 mm or more in diameter (dominant follicles). The latter group was divided into two subgroups: the group of ovaries with a dominant follicle (DOM-D) and the group of contralateral ovaries (DOM-C). Our results showed that mRNA for MMP-1, MMP-2, and LHR was present in the equine ovary during follicle development, in the ovulation fossa, and in the central portion of the ovary. MMP-1 and LHR gene expression was greater (P < 0.05) for the DOM-D group compared with the DOM-C group. In the DOM-D group, MMP-1, MMP-2, and LHR gene expression was greater (P < 0.05) in the ovarian stroma compared with the ovulation fossa. Using immunohistochemistry, OSE from the DOM group showed increased expression compared with the DEV group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that MMP-1 and MMP-2 might be fundamental for events related to tissue remodeling, which occurs during follicular development until the formation of the dominant follicle. We also demonstrated the relationship between the gene expression of MMPs and the gene and protein expression of LHR, suggesting that LHR in the OSE might be an important factor to initiate the signaling cascade that culminates with the production of MMPs.

Effect of embryo age and recipient asynchrony on pregnancy rates in a commercial equine embryo transfer program.

In the present study, 809 uterine flushes and 454 embryo transfers performed in mares over a 4-yr interval were examined to evaluate the effects of: (1) the day of embryo collection on recovery rates; (2) the degree of synchrony between donor and recipient mares on pregnancy rates; (3) the recipient day post ovulation on pregnancy rates; and (4) the age of the embryo at recovery on pregnancy rates at 60 days. Uterine flushes were performed on Days 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 (Day 0 = ovulation) and embryos were transferred to recipients with degrees of synchrony varying between +1 to -6 (recipient ovulated 1 day before through 6 days after the donor). Recipient mares ranged from 2 to 8 days post ovulation. Embryo recovery rates were similar for flushes performed on Day 7 (61%), Day 8 (66%), Day 9 (59%), and Day 10 (56%), but the embryo recovery rate was lower (P < 0.03) for flushes performed on Day 6 (42%) compared with all other days. Pregnancy rates for various degrees of synchrony were as follows: +1 (71%), 0 (77%), -1 (68%), -2 (63%), -3 (66%), -4 (76%), -5 (61%), and -6 (27%). The -6 day of degree of synchrony had the lowest (P < 0.05) pregnancy rate compared with all other days, but there was no significant difference among +1 to -5 days. There was a lower (P < 0.05) pregnancy rate for embryos transferred to recipient mares on Day 2 (33%) compared with mares on Day 3 (66%), Day 4 (66%), Day 5 (62%), Day 6 (55%), Day 7 (58%), and Day 8 (56%). Pregnancy rate was higher (P < 0.05) for Day 7 (76%) embryos compared with Day 6 (50%), Day 8 (64%), and Day 9 (44%) embryos; Day 9 embryos resulted in lower (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates than Days 7 or 8 embryos. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that: (1) embryo recovery rates between Days 7 and 10 were similar and acceptable (e.g., 63% 488/771); (2) the degree of synchrony between donor and recipient mares does not need to be as restricted as previously reported in horses. Acceptable pregnancy rates (e.g., 70%, 99/142) were obtained even when recipient mares ovulated 4 to 5 days after the donors; (3) similar pregnancy rates were obtained when recipient mares received embryos within a large range of days post ovulation (Days 3 to 8); and (4) Day 7 embryos produced higher pregnancy rates when compared with Days 8 and 9 embryos. In clinical terms, the application of these new findings will be beneficial to large equine embryo transfer operations in producing more pregnancies per season.

Germination and initial growth of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. (Myrtaceae), in petroleum-contaminated soil and bioremediated soil.

In 2000 there was an oil spill at the Getúlio Vargas Refinery (REPAR) in Paraná. Nearly five years after contamination and the use of bioremediation, a study was carried out to identify the effects of the contaminated soil and the bioremediated soil on the germination and initial growth of C. xanthocarpa. The experiment was established with soil from REPAR, with three treatment groups: contaminated soil (C), bioremediated soil (B) and uncontaminated soil (U); with five repetitions of 50 seeds each. There was no significant difference in the percentage of germination and the speed of germination index. The production of total biomass (30 - 60 days) and shoot biomass (60 days) was greater in the bioremediated soil compared to the other treatments. The averages for the root biomass were lower in the contaminated soil than in the bioremediated soil. The shoot length and the total length of the seedling in the contaminated soil and uncontaminated soil were lower than in the bioremediated soil.

Glue solvent inhalation impairs host resistance to Mycobacterium bovis-induced infection in hamsters.

Industrial organic solvents present in glue are among the common used psychotropic drugs in Brazil and perhaps worldwide; but few data are available concerning the toxic effects of glue sniffing, with almost no information about immunotoxicity. This seems interesting because several drugs and environmental chemicals are recognized as potential immunotoxicants. The present study investigated the effects of forced inhalation of a toluene/n-hexane 1:1 mixture on hamster resistance to Mycobacterium bovis. Adult hamsters were divided at random into 3 equal groups. Animals of Groups E and E inhaled the mixture of toluene/n-hexane twice daily for 37 d. Group C was placed for the same period of time in identical chambers free of solvents. Two days after the beginning of the experiment, Groups E and C were injected ip with 0.5 ml of an activated suspension of M. bovis; Group E received the same volume of a control solution. Hamsters inhaling the toluene/n-hexane mixture (E) exhibited increased weight loss, increased scores of M. bovis colony forming units isolated from liver, lung and spleen, increased granulomatous areas in the liver, lung and spleen. Inhalation of the toluene/n-hexane mixture for 37 d also increased serum cortisol compared to control hamsters. Tuberculosis is an infection with an intracellular bacterium in which sensitivity is determined mainly by host response. The present data demonstrated impaired defense against M. bovis in hamsters inhaling a toluene/n-hexane mixture for 37 d. Since macrophages are the architectural and functional units of the granulomas in tuberculosis, and no data were found about glue solvent effects on cellular immunity, the present data suggest an indirect effect of glue solvents on macrophage/lymphocyte activity via stress induction and central nervous system stimulation of hormonal (ACTH/cortisol) secretion and/or autonomic nervous system activity.