Active search screening for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer in the city of Piracicaba.

Oral cancer is a public health problem worldwide with approximately 300,000 new cases diagnosed every year and more than 170,000 deaths annually. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies and it is frequently preceded by lesions known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Screening programs for early detection of oral lesions have been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this research was to carry out an active search in a screening program in the city of Piracicaba, Brazil. High-risk patients were identified at the city's health center through their medical records and referred for dental consultation. Other patients who opportunistically sought dental care were also seen and if they did not present risk factors for SCC, they were considered low-risk. A total of 756 patients were examined, and 445 met the criteria for the high-risk group and 311 for the low-risk group. It was possible to diagnose 27 OPMDs and six SCCs - 21 OPMDs and six SCCs occurred in high-risk patients and six OPMDs in low-risk patients. A chi-square test was applied and a statistically significant value (p = 0.006) was obtained for the detection of OPMD and SCC in patients of the high-risk group. Screening of high-risk patients through active search proved to be an effective program for diagnosing OPMD and SCC. Therefore, we encourage its implementation on a large scale to reduce the current scenario of this disease.

Active search screening for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer in the city of Piracicaba

Abstract Oral cancer is a public health problem worldwide with approximately 300,000 new cases diagnosed every year and more than 170,000 deaths annually. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies and it is frequently preceded by lesions known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Screening programs for early detection of oral lesions have been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this research was to carry out an active search in a screening program in the city of Piracicaba, Brazil. High-risk patients were identified at the city's health center through their medical records and referred for dental consultation. Other patients who opportunistically sought dental care were also seen and if they did not present risk factors for SCC, they were considered low-risk. A total of 756 patients were examined, and 445 met the criteria for the high-risk group and 311 for the low-risk group. It was possible to diagnose 27 OPMDs and six SCCs - 21 OPMDs and six SCCs occurred in high-risk patients and six OPMDs in low-risk patients. A chi-square test was applied and a statistically significant value (p = 0.006) was obtained for the detection of OPMD and SCC in patients of the high-risk group. Screening of high-risk patients through active search proved to be an effective program for diagnosing OPMD and SCC. Therefore, we encourage its implementation on a large scale to reduce the current scenario of this disease.

Cementoblastoma: oito novos casos, revisão da literatura e considerações sobre melhor manejo clínico / Cementoblastoma: report of eight cases, literature review and considerations of best approach

Cementoblastoma é um tumor odontogênico benigno incomum de origem mesenquimalque usualmente afeta ossos gnáticos de indivíduos jovens, produzindo dor ou desconforto. Pode ser erroneamente diagnosticado como outras lesões, devido sua variada apresentação clínica era diográfica. Frequentemente o tratamento sugerido é a ressecção tumoral em conjunto como dente associado. Entretanto, abordagem mais conservadora pode ser uma opção em alguns casos assintomáticos e estáveis, como observado neste estudo. Apresentamos oito novos casos e uma breve revisão da literatura a fim de melhor caracterizar o comportamento biológico desta relativamente rara lesão.

Cementoblastoma is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumour of mesenchymal originthat affects the jaws of generally young persons, producing pain or discomfort. It may be mistakenfor several other lesions, due to its varied clinical and radiographic features. The suggestedtreatment is often tumour resection in conjunction with the associated tooth. However, a moreconservative approach could be an option in asymptomatic and stable lesions as seen in thepresent study. Eight new cases and a brief review of the literature are presented here to bettercharacterize the biological behavior of this relatively rare lesion.

Obturator Prostheses for Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy in the Maxilla.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy frequently affects the maxilla. A communication between the oral and nasal cavities can be created by surgery. The authors rehabilitated a young patient with obturator prostheses to correct feeding. The association of the obturators with orthodontic devices provided proper maxillary growth and eruption of teeth. The outcomes were very satisfactory after a 3-year follow-up, and dental implants are planned.

Stromal myofibroblasts in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity.

Previous studies have demonstrated that myofibroblasts in the adjacent stroma are involved in the development and progression of malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of myofibroblasts in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) by determining myofibroblast density in potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions. A total of 69 potentially malignant oral lesions (leukoplakias with mild, moderate or severe dysplasia), 90 OSCCs (well-, moderately and poorly differentiated), eight oral verrucous carcinomas and 29 fibrous hyperplasias were examined for the presence of myofibroblasts using immunohistochemical detection of isoform α of smooth muscle actin. Myofibroblasts were not identified in the adjacent stroma of fibrous hyperplasias and potentially malignant oral lesions, whereas 59.8% of the oral carcinomas exhibited myofibroblasts in various densities. The density was significantly higher in moderately and poorly differentiated OSCCs when compared with well-differentiated tumors (P=0.04 and P=0.007, respectively). In verrucous carcinomas, the specific variant of well-differentiated OSCC, stromal myofibroblasts were not detected. The results of the present study demonstrated that immunodetection of myofibroblasts does not aid with the determination of the malignant transformation potential of oral dysplasias, although moderately and poorly differentiated tumors exhibited a significantly higher density of myofibroblasts. The results reinforce the hypothesis that myofibroblasts may contribute to oral tumorigenesis, indicating that verification and monitoring of such may serve as a putative marker of OSCC behavior.

Odontologia baseada em evidências: otimizando a prática e a pesquisa / Evidence based dentistry: optimizing the practice and research

As decisões clínicas em odontologia são frequentemente baseadas nos ensinamentos adquiridos na graduação, na experiência clínica, na troca de conhecimentos com colegas e professores, em livros textos, seminários, congressos e cursos de educação continuada. No entanto, é necessário saber se a informação que se está obtendo é derivada de pesquisas validadas cientificamente e a avalanche de informações científicas dificulta esse processo. Inicialmente na área de medicina e posteriormente em outras áreas da saúde foi desenvolvido pela Cochrane um método que possibilita a avaliação crítica dos trabalhos científicos relacionados a um assunto específico e, quando possível, a avaliação dos resultados através de uma metanálise, o que possibilita a redução de viés nos resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar alguns aspectos da odontologia baseada em evidências (OBE) e demonstrar como essa metodologia pode ser utilizada para melhor fundamentar cientificamente a decisão clínica do cirurgião-dentista e auxiliar no delineamento de pesquisas com validade científica. O texto aborda as tendências editoriais voltadas à OBE, mostra as diferenças entre uma revisão sistemática e uma revisão convencional, descreve dados sobre a Cochrane e as vantagens da síntese de evidências científicas e as implicações da OBE para a prática clínica e a pesquisa, além de enumerar os graus de recomendação e níveis de evidência dos estudos científicos em geral.

Considerações atuais da sialolitíase de ducto de glândula submandibular / Current considerations of sialolithiasis duct of submandibular gland

A sialolitíase é caracterizada pela formação de estrutura calcificada chamada sialolito no interior do sistema ductal salivar. Apesar de sua etiologia ser desconhecida, acredita-se que se origine da deposição de sais de cálcio ao redor de um acúmulo de restos orgânicos no lúmen do ducto, ou ainda ser desencadeada por sialoadenite crônica e obstrução parcial. Neste trabalho, os autores descrevem um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 46 anos de idade, cor parda, que apresentou como queixa “dor embaixo da língua”. Ao exame intra-oral foi observada a presença de um nódulo endurecido localizado na prega sublingual esquerda. Considerações atuais sobre características clínicas, radiográficas e tratamento foram abordadas neste trabalho

The sialolithiasis is characterized by the formation of calcified structure called sialolith within the salivary ductal system. Although its etiology is unknown, it is believed that is from the deposition of calcium salts around an accumulation of organic leftovers in the lumen of the duct or be resulted by chronic sialadenitis and partial obstruction. In this study, the authors describe a case of a male patient, 46 years old, brown, who presented the complaint “pain under the tongue.” The presence of a hardened nodule located in the left sublingual fold was observed through intra-oral exam. Current considerations about treatment, clinical and radiographic characteristics were addressed in this work

Análise da densidade óssea radiográfica de ratos submetidos ao alcoolismo crônico utilizando imagem digital / Radiographic bone density analysis of rats submitted to cronical alcoholism using digital image

O efeito do alcoolismo crônico sobre a densidade óssea é pouco compreendido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade óssea radiográfica de ratos submetidos ao alcoolismo crônico, utilizando o sistema de imagem digital Digora. Foram utilizados 20 animais (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), divididos em grupo controle e experimental. Os animais do grupo experimental receberam aguardente de cana-de-açúcar ad libitum em concentrações crescentes: 30% por 10 dias, 60% por 10 dias e aguardente pura por 40 dias. Todos os animais foram sacrificados após 60 dias. Foram obtidas imagens digitais dos fêmures direitos de cada animal e a densidade radiográfica mensurada no terço médio e côndilo do fêmur. Os valores obtidos foram analisados pelo teste t de Student e verificou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos controle e experimental no terço médio (p = 0,04) e côndilo do fêmur (p = 0,01). Estes resultados indicam valores de densidade óssea radiográfica reduzida no terço médio e côndilo do fêmur em animais submetidos ao alcoolismo crônico.

A importância do conhecimento das manifestações bucais da neurofibromatose múltipla: relato de caso clínico / The importance of the knowledge of the buccal manifestations of the multiple neurofibromatose: a case report

A neurofibromatose é uma desordem genética manifestando os tipos 1 e 2, com critérios diagnósticos bem definidos e distintos. Neste trabalho serão apresentadas as manifestações bucais e sistêmicas da neurofibromatose, de um paciente do sexo masculino com 09 anos de idade. Discutir-se-ão etiologia, prevalência e características clínicas, enfatizando a importância do conhecimento das manifestações bucais, tratamento e possíveis complicações da doença.

The neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder manifesting the types 1 and 2 with criteria very defined and different diagnoses.In this work buccal manifestations and sistemics of Neurofibromatosis will be presented, in a patient of 09 years-old.Aetiology, prevalency and clinical characteristics will be discussed, emphasizing the importance of the knowledge of theoral manifestations, treatment and possible complications of the disease.