Translation and validation of the Persian version of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in stroke survivors.

BACKGROUND: The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) is a self-report scale that measures stroke survivors' self-efficacy and covers specific domains of functioning after stroke. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the SSEQ. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 124 stroke patients in the sub-acute phase (between 2 weeks and 3 months of stroke onset). The original SSEQ was translated to Persian and back-translated to English. Demographic, neurologic examination, 'Persian Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ-P)', and 'General Self-Efficacy Scale' (GSE-10) data were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by test-retest assessment among 30 people with stroke at an interval of two weeks. Factor analysis was used to assess the validity of SSEQ-P. Cronbach's alpha assessed internal consistency in all participants. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 23 and SmartPLS version 3. RESULTS: In this study, the mean of SSEQ scores was 87.99 ± 37.09. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were favorable. Convergent validity of the questionnaire was reported (r = 0.669) using GSE. Factor loadings of items in SSEQ ranged from 0.41 to 0.92. Validity indices (AVE = 0.75, SRMR = 0.07) showed that the single-factor model of the present study owns a favorable fit. Test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha values of SSEQ in the present study were calculated at 0.80 and 0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Persian version of the SSEQ depicted acceptable reliability and validity and can be utilized to evaluate the self-efficacy of patients with stroke.HIGHLIGHTSStroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) is a self-report scale that measures stroke survivors' self-efficacy.The Persian version of the SSEQ demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity and can be used in stroke patients.

Relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being with the mediating role of resilience in people with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Paying attention to the factors affecting the psychological well-being of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is of particular importance, hence the present study investigated the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being with the mediating role of resilience. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using an online survey in a sample of 410 PwMS registered with the Guilan MS Society (GMSS) of Iran. The study was conducted in 2021. A demographic questionnaire, Ryff 's Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Self Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Results: The model and data were sensibly in agreement. Moreover, bootstrap results showed that all direct path coefficients were significant (t ≥ 1.96). The direct effects of self-compassion and resilience on psychological well-being were significant, with standardized coefficients of 0.69 and 0.21. In addition resilience, with a coefficient of 0.73, was associated with psychological well-being. Furthermore, the indirect effect of self-compassion on psychological well-being with the mediating role of resilience was also confirmed (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: In particular, a higher self-compassion score predicts greater resilience, which is correlated with greater psychological well-being. These findings underscore the need to target the psychological well-being of PwMS through resilience to help them cope with living with chronic conditions.

Ten years evaluation of epidemiology- and mortality-related factors in adults and children with Guillain-Barré syndrome in the north of Iran.

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the main cause of acute and subacute flaccid paralysis in western nations since the eradication of poliomyelitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate epidemiology and mortality characteristics of GBS in the north of Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, the hospital information system (HIS) was used to access each patient's information. The final 174 cases were examined in terms of age, sex, place of residence, the year of referral, the month of referral, the season of referral, client city, accompanying background disease, and the type of GBS. RESULTS: The mean incidence rate in Guilan province was about 0.69 in 100,000 persons, and the case fatality rate was 10.34%. The most reported type of GBS was AIDP (33.90%), and the most common symptom was upper and lower limbs paresis in 65 cases (37%). Respiratory distress (P = < 0.001), complications during hospitalization (P = 0.0001), and ICU requirement (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in dead patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, the incidence of GBS was higher in men than women and the highest number of cases was in the age group of 60 to 75 years. The significant point was the high-case fatality rate in Guilan province compared to the previous studies. The complications during hospitalization such as respiratory distress, ICU requirement, and underlying disease had a significant relation with the fatality of GBS.

The Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale-Revised (MSSM-R): Persian Version and Psychometric Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Self-management is the most important component in the treatment of chronic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The Bishop and Frain Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale-Revised (MSSM-R) is one of the valid tools available for self-management assessment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MSSM-R in Iranian people with MS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the 1600 people with MS in Guilan Province, Iran. In this study, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The reliability of the Persian version of this scale was examined by internal consistency and test-retest methods, and validity evidence was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The MSSM-R had acceptable face and content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that 24 items on this scale have factor loadings in five subscales. Other results showed the internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach α and test-retest reliability, for the MSSM-R overall (α = 0.85, r = 0.77) and for the following subscales: Healthcare Provider Relationship and Communication (α = 0.83, r = 0.70), Treatment Adherence/Barriers (α = 0.70, r = 0.71), Social/Family Support (α = 0.79, r = 0.85), MS Knowledge and Information (α = 0.89, r = 0.72), and Health Maintenance Behavior (α = 0.77, r = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the MSSM-R. To further ensure its psychometric properties, additional studies with this scale are suggested.