Original article - Effect of different resistance training intensities on endothelial function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.

AIMS: The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of different resistance training (RT) intensities compared with group control (GC) or control conditions (CON) on endothelial function (EF) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Seven electronic databases were searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro and CINAHL) until February 2021. RESULTS: This systematic review retrieved a total of 2,991 studies of which 29 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Four studies were included in the systematic review compared RT intervention with GC or CON. One study demonstrated an increase in blood flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery immediately after (95% CI: 3.0% to 5.9%; p < 0.05), 60 min after (95% CI: 0.8 % to 4.2%; p < 0.05) and 120 min after (95%CI: 0.7% to 3.1%; p < 0.05) a single high-intensity resistance training session (RPE âˆ¼ 5 "hard"), compared to the control condition. Nevertheless, this increase was not significantly demonstrated in three longitudinal studies (more than 8 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggest that a single session of high-intensity resistance training improves the EF of people with T2DM. More studies are needed to establish the ideal intensity and effectiveness for this training method.

Adherence to antiretroviral treatment and quality of life among transgender women living with HIV/AIDS in São Paulo, Brazil.

This study focused on factors associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and quality of life among transgenderwomen in Sao Paulo, Brazil, using univariable and adjusted analysis. Adherence was evaluated with a self-report tool and with HIV viral load (VL) measurement. PROQOL-HIV was used to assess quality of life. 106 TGW with median 41 years old were included; most were white (56%) and had >10 years of education (57%). Median time since HIV/AIDS diagnosis was 10 years. Overall, participants had high T CD4+ counts (median 659 cells/mm3) and most (75%) had undetectable HIV VL. 85% were considered adherent using self-report (95%CI 77-91), whereas 72% (95%CI 62-80) were considered adherent when self-report and undetectable HIV VL were analyzed jointly. Older age was associated with higher ART adherence; each year increase in age was associated with 5% higher odds of adherence (p = 0.021). Quality of life ranged from good-excellent in 5 of 8 domains. Younger age, lower education, higher time since HIV diagnosis, comorbidities, illicit drugs use and depression were associated with lower PROQOL scores in specific domains in univariable analysis, while depression was also associated with lower total PROQOL score even after adjustment for age, comorbidities and time since HIV diagnosis (p = 0.048).

Factors associated with attitudes towards HIV cure research among transgender women and travestis: a cross-sectional survey in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Characterising the perceptions of groups most affected by HIV is fundamental in establishing guidelines for biomedical advancement. Although Brazil has successfully fought HIV/AIDS through several measures, transgender women still have a likelihood of HIV infection 55 times higher than the general population. This study aimed to better understand the perception and awareness of HIV cure research among the trans-identifying population in São Paulo, Brazil, and to determine factors that motivate or discourage participation in HIV cure studies. SETTING: This cross-sectional study analysed data collected from a questionnaire administered to 118 transgender women and travestis at 5 sites within the city of São Paulo. It uses quantitative methodology to describe the perspectives of transgender and travesti people in relation to HIV cure research and the context in which such perspectives are produced. RESULTS: Of 118 participants, most participants (73%) had some knowledge of HIV cure research and were most willing to participate in online surveys (52%), interviews (52%), focus groups (52%) and studies involving blood draws (57%). Those with a higher education or employment status were more likely to agree that someone had been cured of HIV, people living with HIV are discriminated against, and more information about HIV cure research is needed before the community embraces it. Only 55% of participants completely trusted their physician. The biggest motivational factors included gaining additional knowledge about HIV infection (77%) and the potential for a longer, healthier life for all (73%). CONCLUSIONS: As a primary analysis of HIV cure attitudes among the transgender and travesti population as well as the social context in which they are formed, this study identifies opportunities to strengthen the dialogue and develop more educational collaborations between scientific investigators, community educators and the trans-identifying population to ensure that HIV cure research is inclusive of diverse perspectives.