RESUMEN
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by painful nodules, sinus tracts, and scars occurring predominantly in intertriginous regions. The prevalence of HS is currently 0.053-4%, with a predominance in African-American women and has been linked to low socioeconomic status. The majority of the reported literature is retrospective, population based, epidemiologic studies. In this regard, there is a need to establish a repository of biospecimens, which represent appropriate gender and racial demographics amongst HS patients. These efforts will diminish knowledge gaps in understanding the disease pathophysiology. Hence, we sought to outline a step-by-step protocol detailing how we established our HS biobank to facilitate the formation of other HS tissue banks. Equipping researchers with carefully detailed processes for collection of HS specimens would accelerate the accumulation of well-organized human biological material. Over time, the scientific community will have access to a broad range of HS tissue biospecimens, ultimately leading to more rigorous basic and translational research. Moreover, an improved understanding of the pathophysiology is necessary for the discovery of novel therapies for this debilitating disease. We aim to provide high impact translational research methodology for cutaneous biology research and foster multidisciplinary collaboration and advancement of our understanding of cutaneous diseases.
Asunto(s)
Bancos de Muestras Biológicas , Hidradenitis Supurativa , Proteómica , Manejo de Especímenes , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional , Negro o Afroamericano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Hidradenitis Supurativa/patología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/inmunología , Quimiocinas CC/metabolismo , Hidradenitis Supurativa/inmunología , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/inmunología , Piel/citología , Piel/inmunología , Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells, with inherent tolerogenic function. The ability of immature or maturation-resistant DCs to regulate alloantigen-specific T-cell responses and to promote tolerance induction has been well demonstrated in organ and bone marrow transplantation. Recent data suggest that DCs can also promote long-term survival of composite tissue allografts in the absence of continued immunosuppressive drug therapy.
Asunto(s)
Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Supervivencia de Injerto/fisiología , Trasplante de Tejidos/patología , Trasplante Homólogo/inmunología , Células de la Médula Ósea/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/trasplante , Humanos , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/métodos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Bazo/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Trasplante Homólogo/patologíaRESUMEN
Forty institutionalized male juvenile offenders in the United States were administered a Role Construct Repertory Grid (Kelly, 1955) and the Self-Consciousness Scale (Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975) to determine whether frequent offenders could be differentiated from infrequent offenders on the basis of these instruments. We hypothesized that the frequent offenders would have more "delinquent" self-concepts than the infrequent offenders. The results did not confirm this hypothesis. In fact, the frequent offender group actually had fewer delinquent self-concepts than the offender group, although the trend was not statistically significant. This finding is interpreted as an indication that some offenders who acknowledge their delinquent orientation are better able to apply their personal resources toward control of their behavior.
Asunto(s)
Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Autoimagen , Adolescente , Humanos , Control Interno-Externo , Delincuencia Juvenil/rehabilitación , Masculino , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Recurrencia , Identificación SocialRESUMEN
Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) deletion mutants of Brucella abortus S2308, a virulent strain, and S19, a vaccine strain, were generated by gene replacement. A deletion plasmid, pBA delta sodknr, was constructed by excising the Cu-Zn SOD gene (Cu-Zn sod) from a 2.3-kb B. abortus DNA fragment of plasmid pBA20-1527 and inserting a 1.4-kb DNA fragment encoding kanamycin resistance into the Cu-Zn sod excision site. The deletion plasmid was introduced into B. abortus by electroporation, and Southern blot analysis confirmed that the antibiotic resistance fragment had replaced Cu-Zn sod in kanamycin-resistant colonies. The survival and growth of Cu-Zn SOD mutant strains were compared with that of the parental strains in HeLa cells and in the mouse macrophagelike cell line J774. The survival and growth of the Cu-Zn SOD mutant strains were similar to those of their respective parental strains in HeLa and J774 cell lines. The kinetics of infection with these strains were examined in BALB/c mice. The splenic levels of the S19 Cu-Zn SOD mutant recovered from intraperitoneally infected BALB/c mice were approximately 10-fold lower than those of the parental strain through 26 days postinfection. Thereafter, infection sharply declined in both groups, and by 105 days postinfection, no organisms were detected. The splenic levels of the S2308 Cu-Zn SOD mutant were lower than those of wild-type S2308-infected mice. The spleen weights of mice infected with the S2308 Cu-Zn SOD mutant were consistently lower than those of wild-type S2308-infected mice. These results suggest that the antioxidant enzyme Cu-Zn SOD plays a role in the survival and pathogenicity of B. abortus in vivo.
Asunto(s)
Brucella abortus/patogenicidad , Fagocitos/microbiología , Superóxido Dismutasa/inmunología , Animales , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Epitelio/microbiología , Células HeLa , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Kanamicina , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Mutación , Tamaño de los Órganos , Plásmidos , Mapeo Restrictivo , Bazo/anatomía & histología , Bazo/microbiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) is a lentivirus-induced disease of sheep in the United States that is similar, if not identical, to maedi/visna in many other countries. Prevalence estimates of seropositivity to this virus in sheep in the United States have been confined to limited groups or flocks of sheep and have varied from 1 to 90%. In this study of detection of antibodies against OPP virus, we found a lower general prevalence of antibodies to OPP virus in sheep than was previously reported. Of 16,827 sheep from 29 states in the United States, 26% were seropositive and 48% of 164 flocks that were tested had 1 or more seropositive sheep. Seropositivity to OPP virus for sheep within special categories was determined, although nonrandom samples that were available may have biased the results. Within regions of the United States, prevalence was highest in the Rocky Mountain region at 49% and lowest in the northern Atlantic region at 9%. Seropositive sheep were not evenly distributed among flocks, but were clustered in a few flocks of sheep. A high number of flocks had no or few seropositive sheep. Prevalence increased with age from 4% at less than 1 year to a plateau of 34% at 4 years. Seropositivity was variable among breeds and was not associated with sex, wool class, or place of origin of ancestors.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Neumonía Intersticial Progresiva de los Ovinos/epidemiología , Virus Visna-Maedi/inmunología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Ovinos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Goats from 28 states were tested for antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Of 3,790 goats, 1,175 (31%) tested positive, and of 196 herds tested, 143 (73%) had 1 or more seropositive members. This prevalence, based on serum samples from all goats in the participating herds, was lower than most rates reported in other studies. Such studies were based on fewer samples, incomplete sampling of herds, or smaller geographic base. Prevalence was highest in western Pacific and northern plains regions, increased with age to 3 years, was highest among goats on family-owned farms, and was lowest in the Angora breed. Differences in prevalence was not related to gender or size of herd.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Virus de la Artritis-Encefalitis Caprina/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Cabras , Infecciones por Lentivirus/epidemiología , Masculino , Prevalencia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Rats were vaccinated with a toxoid (D-toxoid) prepared from purified heat-labile toxin (D-toxin) produced by Pasteurella multocida serogroup D. Vaccination of rats with D-toxoid prevented death and other effects of D-toxin (hepatic necrosis, development of elevated leukocyte counts, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and elevated complement titers) that occurred in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-vaccinated control rats.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas , Toxinas Bacterianas/inmunología , Pasteurella/inmunología , Toxoides/inmunología , Vacunación/veterinaria , Animales , Toxinas Bacterianas/toxicidad , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Recuento de Leucocitos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Análisis de Regresión , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Turkey poults were vaccinated with combinations of two different germling preparations and three adjuvants (N-acetylmuranyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide [LPS], and avridine) at 1 and 2 weeks of age, and their immunity was challenged by sublethal exposure to aerosols of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia at 1 month of age. Fewer turkeys in the groups given vaccines prepared from germlings grown on Dorset's and Henley's medium (D&H) had organisms in lung tissue at 2 weeks after challenge exposure as compared with those vaccinated with germling grown on neopeptone dialysate (Neo). The LPS of P. multocida appeared to be the most efficacious of the adjuvants in the D&H vaccine group, as A. fumigatus was isolated from only one of eight turkeys in this group; the number of organisms per gram of lung tissue was low compared with other vaccine groups at 2 weeks after challenge exposure; and poults given D&H vaccine with LPS as adjuvant had less-severe lung lesions than other groups. These differences in lung lesions were more marked at 2 weeks than at 8 weeks after challenge exposure. The only difference among other parameters in the vaccinated turkeys was lower heterophil counts in the turkeys given D&H-prepared vaccines than in unvaccinated controls. This was probably due to less-severe infections resulting from protective effects of these vaccines.
Asunto(s)
Aspergilosis/veterinaria , Aspergillus fumigatus/inmunología , Vacunas Fúngicas , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Pavos , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Sacos Aéreos/patología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/sangre , Aspergilosis/patología , Aspergilosis/prevención & control , Femenino , Granulocitos , Granuloma/patología , Granuloma/veterinaria , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , Pulmón/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/prevención & control , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/veterinaria , Linfocitos , Masculino , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
Serum samples collected from feral and domestic swine (Sus scrofa) in Florida and feral swine in Georgia and Texas were assayed by plaque reduction for their virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies against the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE). None of 560 samples collected from feral swine contained VN antibodies for TGE virus, but experimentally infected feral swine seroconverted. None of 665 samples from domestic swine contained TGE-VN antibodies. These results indicate feral swine are not a significant reservoir for TGE virus in southern states, but are capable of becoming infected and developing VN antibodies against TGE.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Coronaviridae/inmunología , Gastroenteritis Porcina Transmisible/epidemiología , Virus de la Gastroenteritis Transmisible/inmunología , Animales , Animales Domésticos , Animales Salvajes , Florida/epidemiología , Georgia/epidemiología , Pruebas de Neutralización , Porcinos , Texas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Six hundred sixty-one feral swine (Sus scrofa) from Ossabaw Island, Georgia (USA) were captured, bled, and their sera tested for pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibody during a 6 yr period. Prevalence of seroconversion in females was somewhat higher than in males (10% versus 7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Adults had a significantly higher prevalence than juveniles (29% versus 1%). An important finding in this study was that seroconversion occurred primarily in the adult feral swine.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Herpesvirus Suido 1/inmunología , Seudorrabia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Femenino , Georgia/epidemiología , Inmunodifusión , Pruebas de Fijación de Látex , Masculino , Prevalencia , Seudorrabia/transmisión , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Factores Sexuales , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/transmisiónRESUMEN
The relationship of serum complement activity and bacteriostatic activity was investigated in male guinea pigs given aflatoxin and/or rubratoxin. In experiment 1, guinea pigs were given 0.6 mg of aflatoxin/kg of body weight, PO, once. In experiment 2, guinea pigs were given 0.02 mg of aflatoxin/kg, PO, and/or 8 mg of rubratoxin, PO, 11 times. Aflatoxin (0.02 mg/kg) had no effect given alone, but potentiated the effect of rubratoxin. In both experiments, changes in complement activity were accompanied by similar but not always significant (P less than 0.05) changes in bacteriostatic activity of serum. Guinea pigs given 0.06 mg of aflatoxin/kg had significant (P less than 0.05) changes in complement titers and in serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Guinea pigs given repeated oral doses of aflatoxin and/or rubratoxin had changes in complement titers, bacteriostasis, and alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, but not in alanine aminotransferase activities. Significant differences were detected only when average values for all guinea pigs given rubratoxin or rubratoxin with aflatoxin were compared with average values for guinea pigs not given rubratoxin.
Asunto(s)
Aflatoxinas/toxicidad , Bacterias/inmunología , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/inmunología , Micotoxinas/toxicidad , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Peso Corporal , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/análisis , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Cobayas , MasculinoRESUMEN
Under certain conditions, prevalence can be estimated by testing samples from individual members or by pooling samples from members into a group and by testing the sample from the group as a single unit. Pooled tests are more accurate than individual tests when P is less than 10%. Optimal group size is 1.6/P. Efficiency decreases slowly with suboptimal size and rapidly with overly large size.
Asunto(s)
Estudios Transversales , Animales , Probabilidad , Muestreo , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
Specific pathogen free gilts and their progeny were evaluated to use as sentinels in a pseudorabies virus (PRV) infected herd by immunologically monitoring for PRV seroconversions. Time intervals targeted were pre- and post-PRV vaccinations, herd exposure, and farrowing to finishing. Post-PRV vaccinations, gilts showed low PRV lymphocyte stimulation and humoral responses. Following herd exposure, control gilts PRV seroconverted and PRV vaccinated gilts increased (2 to 4 times) in virus neutralization (VN) titers. Sixty-seven percent (4/6) of the progeny from a control gilt were PRV seropositive at finishing. Progeny from PRV vaccinated gilts were depleted of passive immunity by week 7, and were seronegative until week 9. At finishing 47% (14/30) of them were PRV seropositive indicating exposure to PRV. The VN test was not sensitive enough to detect weak positive serums, noted as positives by latex agglutination (LA) test, ELISA, and Western blots. The gilts and progeny detected PRV, respectively, in the herd housing quarters and in the farrow to finish facilities. A strategy for future sentinel experimental surveillances using primarily the LA test is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Seudorrabia/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Pruebas de Aglutinación/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Western Blotting/veterinaria , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Femenino , Herpesvirus Suido 1/inmunología , Herpesvirus Suido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Linfocitos/inmunología , Seudorrabia/sangre , Seudorrabia/prevención & control , Cuarentena , Distribución Aleatoria , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Factores de Tiempo , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Virales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The sensitivity of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine IgG serum antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica was compared with that of an indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes were grown in a chemically defined cell culture medium, and soluble antigens released into the growth medium were used in the ELISA and IHA test. An ELISA with serotype-1 antigen consistently detected antibody in sera that were positive by IHA test (correlation, 99%). Sera reacting with serotype-1 ELISA antigens also reacted with ELISA antigens prepared from other serotypes. Although ELISA titers averaged 5 log2 units higher than IHA titers, plots of titers determined by the 2 methods were approximately linear. Titer increases detected in paired serum samples by either test were similar. The ELISA was more sensitive than was the IHA in detecting colostral IgG antibody in serum of newborn calves. The ELISA uses a simple, stable antigen preparation and detects antibody to P haemolytica serotypes that commonly infect cattle.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Pasteurella/inmunología , Animales , Bovinos , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
A 2-stage strategy was developed and evaluated for estimating serum antibody titer by use of ELISA and a series of dilutions. In stage 1, the linear response region and least-square estimate of the assay line slope were established from 9-point dilution assays. Provided that the reading was within the linear response region, this information was used in the stage-2 estimation of titer from a single absorbance reading. Operationally, 2 fixed dilutions were selected, one suitably low and one suitably high, to provide at least one reading within the linear region. The procedure should save considerable time when a large number of assays are to be performed. Stage 1 required approximately twenty 9-point assays, but all subsequent assays required only 2 fixed dilutions.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Bovinos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Pasteurella/inmunología , Animales , MétodosRESUMEN
All mononuclear leukocytes and T lymphocyte-enriched and B lymphocyte-enriched subpopulations of mononuclear leukocytes collected from 8 cows persistently infected with 1 of 3 isolates of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus were tested for association with virus. For all persistently infected cows, approximately 4.4% of all mononuclear leukocytes, 5.4% of T lymphocyte-enriched, and 2.1% of B lymphocyte-enriched subpopulations of mononuclear leukocytes were associated with virus. Differences between leukocyte populations in percentages of leukocytes associated with virus were real (P less than 0.05). Among virus isolates, significant differences in percentages of leukocytes associated with virus were not detected.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/citología , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/sangre , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre , Leucocitos Mononucleares/citología , Linfocitos T/citología , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , MasculinoRESUMEN
During 1983 and 1984, ileocecal lymph node specimens were obtained from clinically normal cattle at 76 US Department of Agriculture-inspected cull cattle slaughterhouses in 32 states and Puerto Rico. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from the lymph nodes of 119 of 7,540 cattle. The prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis was 1.6% overall, with 2.9% in dairy culls and 0.8% in beef culls. The prevalence for females and males did not appear to differ significantly.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Ganglios Linfáticos/microbiología , Mycobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Paratuberculosis/epidemiología , Animales , Bovinos , Ciego , Femenino , Íleon , Masculino , Paratuberculosis/microbiología , Puerto Rico , Factores Sexuales , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
A survey of a sample comprising 9.5% of the estimated homeless mentally disordered population of Fresno County was conducted as a needs assessment for a treatment program proposal. Eighty percent of the sample were found to meet the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis as determined by a standardized interview. Of these, 34% were rated severely impaired and urgently in need of treatment. An additional 33% were rated moderately impaired so that treatment would be of substantial benefit. Survey data are presented of the samples' priorities concerning primary needs, preferred locale for treatment and services, type of personnel with whom they would feel most comfortable, and most important problems.
Asunto(s)
Personas con Mala Vivienda , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Adulto , California , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Personas con Mala Vivienda/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was evaluated for antiviral effectiveness on pseudorabies virus (PRV) in cell culture, mice, and swine. When relatively small amounts of BHT were mixed with PRV and incubated at 37 C for 30 or 60 minutes before inoculation into cell cultures, the cell cultures did not become infected with virus. The PRV was not infectious when the virus was treated with BHT and then inoculated intraperitoneally into mice, but was infectious when BHT and PRV were inoculated simultaneously or when BHT was inoculated either 30 or 60 minutes before PRV. Swine fed BHT-medicated feed for 10 days before they were intranasally exposed with virulent PRV did not have overt signs of pseudorabies, had a lower concentration of PRV in nasal mucus than did control swine, and had acceptable blood enzyme and cholesterol concentrations during the experiment. The BHT was detected in tissues of 2 swine after they were fed BHT-medicated feed for 10 days, and higher concentrations of BHT were detected in tissues of 3 swine given BHT feed for 29 days.