[Characteristics of pneumonia in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Osobennosti techeniia pnevmonii u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

In healed tuberculosis, pneumonia more frequently arises in the zones of pronounced residual changes. In active tuberculosis combination of tuberculosis with pneumonia often takes place in intact bronchopulmonary segments. Pneumonia in tuberculous patients takes a lingering course in the presence of pneumosclerotic changes in the lungs, tends to acquire bronchial forms, is characterized by slow involution of inflammation, runs atypically in combination of pneumosclerotic changes in the lungs, bronchial stenoses and abnormal cell composition of bronchoalveolar washout. The diagnosis and treatment present difficulties in pneumonia location in the zone of distinct post-tuberculous pneumosclerosis with small segmental lesion. Resolution of inflammatory foci in the lungs in lingering pneumonia may course as long as 8-10 weeks.

[Effectiveness of the treatment of patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Effektivnost' lecheniia bol'nykh fibrozno-kavernoznym tuberkulezom legkikh.

The follow-up of 301 patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis has demonstrated that the disease outcome and treatment effectiveness depend on the nature of its course. A long-term specific therapy for 9-10 months brings about cessation of bacillary excretion in 50-60% of cases even in a progressive course of the disease and closure of destruction cavities occurred in 12.5% of cases with rapid progression and in 21.7% of cases with slow progression of the disease. Despite all measures taken, stabilization of the process fails in one-fourth of the patients with rapidly progressing fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis and in 9% of those with a slowly progressing course. In 90% of cases bacillary excretion in patients with stable fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis ceased in 3 months and in 100% after 6 months of treatment.

[The bacterial excretion dynamics of patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Dinamika bakteriovydeleniia u bol'nykh fibrozno-kavernoznym tuberkulezom legkikh.

A study of 294 patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis revealed that massive bacteria elimination and drug polyresistance is found in patients with advancing and complicated course of the disease. It was established that after a nine-months course of treatment bacteria elimination was observed in 50% of patients with advancing fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Variants of the course of fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Varianty techeniia fibrozno-kavernoznogo tuberkuleza legkikh.

Taking into account the presence of the process development symptoms or their absence (including a high rate of exacerbations, ongoing dissemination process, formation of new cavities in the affected foci, severe infiltration of the lung tissue and massive bacillary excretion), process development rate and the nature of complications, the following 4 versions of fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis were identified: rapidly developing disease; slowly developing disease; fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis whose clinical picture was determined by different complications; and relatively stable condition. ++Clinico-roentgenological+ features of each version of the disease are described. Abnormalities in the ++clinico-roentgenological+ picture and laboratory findings are especially apparent in patients with rapidly developing fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis.

[The results of treating fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis in patients with different genetic markers]. / Rezul'taty lecheniia fibrozno-kavernoznogo tuberkuleza u bol'nykh s razlichnymi geneticheskimi markerami.

Overall 221 patients with fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis were examined. In patients carrying Hp 2-2 haptoglobin and HLA DR2, the disease runs an unfavourable course more frequently. Among the patients with Hp 2-2, the positive dynamics was attained by the 6th month of the treatment in 44.1%, among those with HLA DR2 in 42.3% of cases while in patients carrying the two genetic markers at a time, in only 32.4% of cases. Patients with Hp 2-2 and HLA DR2 require special attention of the treating physician since the very first day of the disease and use of every possible treatment methods.

[Interrelations of genetic markers (HLA antigens and haptoglobin variants) and the course of fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Vzaimosviaz' geneticheskikh markerov (antigenov HLA i variantov gaptoglobina) i techenie fibrozno-kavernoznogo tuberkuleza legkikh.

Altogether 72 patients with different variants of a course of fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated for the presence of HLA antigens and Hp phenotypes. It was shown that an increase in the frequency of antigen DR2 and Hp 2-2 could be used as a prognostic prerequisite in the assessment of a course of disease.

[Effect of the phase state of lipids on their interaction with cobra cytotoxin]. / Vliianie fazovogo sostoianiia lipidov na ikh vzaimodeistvie s tsitotoksinom kobry.

Interaction between cytotoxin of the Central Asia cobra venom and dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer depending on its phase state was studied by ESR with spin label. A conclusion can be drawn that the efficiency of cytotoxin effect on the membranes depends on their phase state. Cytotoxin molecules are incorporated into myophile region of the bilayer, only if the latter is in the liquid crystal state. The interaction between cytotoxins and lipids of the bilayer in a gel state is in the main conditioned by electrostatic forces.

[A new interferon inducer active via peroral administration]. / Novyi induktor interferona, aktivnyi pri peroral'nom vvedenii.

Biological activities of a new oral interferon inducer, Tash-4, were studied. In maximal soluble doses (2000 mg/kg body weight) the inducer was shown to have no toxicity. An important advantage of Tash-4 over other known interferon inducers consists in its capacity to induce interferon in high concentrations in the intestinal tract. Upon repeated administration of Tash-4 hyporeactivity is detectable within 3 days and persists for up to 6 days. A change of inducers may be used to overcome the hyporeactivity. Sequential administration of Tash-4 and Tash-3 induced in animals interferon production in response first to one inducer, then to the other. It is assumed that the mechanisms of induction and suppression of interferon induced by these preparations differ.

[Effect of gossypol on spermatogenesis and fertility in man and mammals]. / Deistvie gossipola na spermatogenez i fertil'nost' cheloveka i mlekopitauishchikh zhivotnykh.

This review summarizes the main results of experimental and clinical studies of a new antifertile agent, gossypol, a polyphenolic compound isolated from the cotton. This compound disturb the normal course of spermatogenesis and affects, first of all, the locomotory system of mature spermatozoa of the man and some mammal species. The mechanism of gossypol action on the development of germ cells is discussed. Since the action of gossypol is reversible and it does not induce strong side effects, the possibility of its application for the control of birth rate is considered.

Structural changes of liposome phospholipid packing induced by cytotoxin of the Central Asia cobra venom.

Liposomes and proteoliposomes obtained from rat brain were used; structural changes induced by Vc5 cytotoxin (CT) from Central Asia cobra venom have been studied by the EPR method using spin probes (5-, 10-, or 12-doxylstearic acid). The addition of CT to liposome samples, containing spin probes resulted in the appearance of a new EPR signal in the initial spectrum (samples without CT), typical of probes with strongly retarded mobility. The presence of hydrophobic interaction between the CT molecules and spin labelled fat acids permits the assumption that CT molecules in liposomes trap both lipid probes and phospholipids localized in the reach of action of hydrophobic forces. CT may be supposed to induce formation in membranes of liposomes with domain structures. As a result of hydrophobic interaction with CT molecules both the phospholipid and lipid probe mobility in the domain is substantially less than that in liposome regions free of CT molecules. Due to this, a new signal appears in the initial EPR spectrum of the spin probes. An analysis of the dependence of the probe order parameter value on CT concentration in samples has suggested that CT act uniformly along the membrane lipid profile with a certain CT concentration range. At high concentrations CT molecules cannot penetrate the lipid region deep enough, due to mutual electrostatic repulsion and steric factors at membrane surface. As a result, structural changes involve regions adjacent to the membrane surface only.

[Approach to elaborating immunochemical methods for removing peptides from the blood of kidney failure patients]. / Podkhod k razrabotke immunokhimicheskikh metodov dlia udaleniia peptidov iz krovi bol'nykh pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

A homogenic peptide (m. w. 2100 dalton) was isolated from blood serum of patients suffering from renal failure by gel chromatography on a Sephadex G-25 column and by partition chromatography on a column with cellulose MN-300. The peptide was not detectable in the blood of healthy donors. The amino acid composition of the peptide was studied. To obtain an immunosorbent, the peptide was conjugated by the bifunctional reagent, glutaric aldehyde. An optimal conjugation variant promoting the formation of conjugates with a molecular weight of 60000 dalton was developed. The molecular weight of the conjugates was measured by gel chromatography on a Sephadex column G-50 and with the aid of disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel.