Analysis of the response speed of musculature of the knee in professional male and female volleyball players.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normalized response speed (Vrn) of the knee musculature (flexor and extensor) in high competitive level volleyball players using tensiomyography (TMG) and to analyze the muscular response of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) in accordance with the specific position they play in their teams. One hundred and sixty-six players (83 women and 83 men) were evaluated. They belonged to eight teams in the Spanish women's superleague and eight in the Spanish men's superleague. The use of Vrn allows avoiding possible sample imbalances due to anatomical and functional differences and demands. We found differences between Vrn in each of the muscles responsible for extension (VM, RF, and VL) and flexion (BF) regardless of the sex. Normalized response speed differences seem to be larger in setters, liberos and outside players compared to middle blockers and larger in males when compared to females. These results of Vrn might respond to the differences in the physical and technical demands of each specific position, showing an improved balance response of the knee extensor and flexor musculature in male professional volleyball players.

La identidad etnocultural en la formación de multiplicadores en salud y nutrición maternoinfantil con el pueblo wixárika / Ethnocultural identity at the multiplying agents training/education on maternal and child health and nutrition in an indians group of the Wixarika ethnia

Objetivos: Se investiga la cultura en nutrición y cuidado de la salud maternoinfantil de la etnia wixárika. Métodos: Basándonos en la metodología de investigación acción participativa se han utilizado técnicas cualitativas de entrevistas en profundidad y observación etnográfica, con el propósito de construir una propuesta de formación etnocultural de multiplicadores indígenas y establecer un programa intercultural de vigilancia y autocuidado de la salud de este grupo vulnerable. El proceso educativo está sustentado en la pedagogía concientizadora. Resultados: Debido a la lactancia materna prolongada el embarazo es detectado tardíamente. Las mujeres embarazadas no tienen una alimentación especial diferente a la de las no embarazadas. Pocas mujeres son atendidas en su control prenatal. La lactancia materna es por demanda espontánea y de larga duración, determinada generalmente con el nacimiento de otro hermano. A partir de los datos recuperados y su discusión con los líderes comunitarios, se desarrolla un modelo etnocultural para la formación de multiplicadores en el cuidado de la salud maternoinfantil y seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. Conclusiones: Se concluye que este modelo de investigación es útil para generar programas de salud y nutrición maternoinfantil basado la cosmovisión del pueblo wixárika, fortaleciendo su identidad étnica(AU)

Objectives: This is a research article about culture on maternal and child health and nutrition in an Indian group of the Wixarika ethnia Methods: Based on action-oriented participant research methodology, qualitative research techniques, like deep interviews and ethnographic observation were used to construct a proposal of ethnocultural education of indegenous multiplying agents and establish an intercultural program of surveillance and self health care at this vulnerable group. The educational process it is sustained on the conscience pedagogy. Results: Due to the prolonged breast-feeding, pregnancy is detected late. Pregnant women do not have particular feeding practices other than non-pregnant. Few women are handled in prenatal care. Breastfeeding is by spontaneous demand and long-lasting, usually determined with the birth of another brother. From the retrieved data and discussion with community leaders, an ethno-cultural model for training multipliers in maternal and child health care, food safety and nutrition. Conclusions: We concluded that this model of investigation is useful to create programs on maternal and child health and nutrition based on Wixarika group cosmovision, strengthening their ethnical identity(AU)

Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection with ivermectin compared with albendazole: results of an open study of 60 cases.

Ivermectin is highly effective against animal intestinal nematodes and is used in the treatment of onchocerciasis in humans. A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of the drug with that of albendazole in the treatment of uncomplicated strongyloidiasis. Sixty patients with confirmed Strongyloides stercoralis infection were enrolled in an open randomized study and given either albendazole, 400 mg/d for 3 d or ivermectin, 150-200 micrograms/kg in a single dose. Efficacy and tolerance were evaluated on days 7, 30 and 90. Each visit included a parasitological examination of 3 stool specimens, using saline and Kato smears and formalin-ether and Baermann concentrations. Fifty-three patients were eligible for evaluation. Parasitological cure was obtained in 24 of the 29 patients treated with ivermectin (83%) and in 9 of the 24 patients who were given albendazole (38%); ivermectin was significantly more effective than albendazole (P < 0.01). Clinical and biological adverse reactions were negligible in both treatment groups. The 20 patients who failed therapy were given a second treatment course with 150-200 micrograms/kg of ivermectin in a single dose or on 2 consecutive days. Sixteen patients were cured and the other 4 had only incomplete follow-up. Ivermectin therefore constitutes an acceptable therapeutic alternative for uncomplicated strongyloidiasis.