Percepción de riesgo para VIH y sexo seguro en migrantes de la frontera norte de México / HIV risk perception and safe sex in migrants from the northern border of Mexico

Introducción: En el año 2019 se detectaron 9.828 nuevos casos de VIH y 5.825 de sida en México, la población migrante es considerada de alta vulnerabilidad, lo cual se presume se debe a las condiciones desfavorables en su tránsito por el país. Una variable de importancia en el contexto de la salud sexual es la percepción que puedan llegar a tener sobre estar o no en riesgo, un estudio de percepción de contraer el VIH puede tener implicaciones importantes para la salud.Objetivo: Describir la asociación entre la percepción de riesgo para VIH y el sexo seguro en migrantes de la frontera norte de México.Métodos: El diseño fue correlacional predictivo y transversal, muestra de 302 migrantes de dos ciudades de fronterizas de Tamaulipas, muestreo probabilístico aleatorio sistemático.Resultados: Se encontró que cerca del 90% fueron varones con una media de edad de (M = 33,25, DE = 9,62) años, en general los migrantes tienen baja percepción de riesgo para VIH y esta se correlacionó con el sexo seguro (rs = -0,134, p = 0,020), además, un análisis de regresión demostró que la percepción de riesgo para VIH tiene un efecto predictivo sobre el sexo seguro (β = -0,143, F = 6,27 [gl =1, 300], p = 0,013)Conclusión: Los migrantes son un grupo que requiere de interés en el ámbito de la investigación relacionada con la sexualidad, a pesar de ser un grupo vulnerable e identificado como de riesgo. Es poca su percepción acerca de adquirir VIH, esta variable debe ser considerada de importancia en futuras investigaciones en el ámbito sexual de los migrantes, debido a que puede ser utilizada en conjunto con otras, a manera de modelo o bien como mediadora. (AU)

Introduction: In 2019, 9,828 new cases of HIV and 5,825 of AIDS were detected in Mexico, the migrant population is considered highly vulnerable, which is presumed to be due to unfavorable conditions in their transit through the country, an important variable in the context of sexual health is the perception that they may have about being or not at risk. A study of perception of contracting HIV can have important implications for health.Objective: To determine the association between the perception of risk for HIV and safe sex in migrants from the northern border of Mexico.Methods: The design was predictive correlational and cross-sectional, sample of 302 migrants from two border cities of Tamaulipas, systematic random probability sampling.Results: It was found that about 90% were men with a mean age of (M = 33,25, SD = 9,62) years, in general, migrants have a low perception of risk for HIV and this was correlated with safe sex (rs = -,134, p =,020), furthermore, a regression analysis showed that the perception of risk for HIV has a predictive effect on safe sex (β = -, 143, F = 6,27 [gl=1,300], p = 0,013),Conclusion: Migrants are a group that requires interest in the field of research related to sexuality, despite being a vulnerable group and identified as at risk, their perception of acquiring HIV is low, this variable should be considered of importance in future research in the sexual field of migrants, because it can be used in conjunction with others as a model or as a mediator. (AU)

Actividad física durante el fin de semana en estudiante de una escuela primaria de Tamaulipas / Physical activity during the weekend by students at a Primary School in Tamaulipas

Objetivo: determinar el nivel y los tipos de actividad física de estudiantes de cuarto a sexto curso de una escuela primaria de Tamaulipas (México) durante el fin de semana. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en el curso escolar 2017/2018. La población la conformaron todas las personas matriculadas de cuarto a sexto curso en la escuela primaria General César López de Lara. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 100 escolares. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, el tipo de actividad física mediante la “Encuesta de Actividad Física” que incluye 33 tipos de actividad y el nivel de actividad, en función del número de pasos diarios durante el fin de semana (sedentaria, leve, medianamente activa, activa, actividad alta). Se realizó estadística descriptiva y bivariante. Resultados: participaron 100 estudiantes, el 54% fue niña. Un 34% presentaba obesidad. La media de pasos en fin de semana fue de 15.821,58 pasos. El 41% presentó actividad sedentaria y el 10% leve, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos. Las actividades que más efectuaron durante el fin de semana fueron: entre las fuertes, correr (70%) o subir escaleras rápidamente (47%); entre las moderadas, el juego del avión (15%) o la caminata rápida (35%); entre las ligeras, el aseo personal (99%) junto a tareas domésticas (65%) y entre las muy ligeras, ver televisión (99%). Conclusiones: la media de pasos superaba las recomendaciones; sin embargo, hubo un 51% de participantes con sedentarismo o actividad leve. Es necesario implementar acciones eficaces para disminuir la proporción de estudiantes con baja actividad física el fin de semana.(AU)

Objective: to determine the level and types of physical activity by students in their fourth to sixth years at a Primary School in Tamaulipas (Mexico) during the weekend. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the 2017/2018 school year. The population included all persons enrolled in the fourth to sixth grades in the General César López de Lara Primary School. The sample size was calculated at 100 students. Sociodemographic variables were calculated, as well as the type of physical activity through the “Physical Activity Survey” which includes 33 types of activity and the level of activity, based on the number of daily steps taken during the weekend (sedentary, mild, moderately active, active, high activity). Descriptive and bivariate statistics were conducted. Results: one hundred (100) students participated; 54% were girls, and 34% of them presented obesity. The mean steps during the weekend were 15,821.58; 41% of participants presented sedentary activity and 10% mild, without statistically significant differences by gender. The activities more frequent during the weekend were: running (70%) or going up stairs fast (47%) among the vigorous; the airplane game (15%) or fast walking (35%) among the moderate activities; personal hygiene (99%) together with housework (65%) among the light ones, and watching television among the extremely light activities (99%). Conclusions: the mean steps exceeded recommendations; however, 51% of participants presented sedentarism or mild activity. It is necessary to implement effective actions to reduce the proportion of students with low physical activity during the weekend.(AU)

[HIV risk perception and safe sex in migrants from the northern border of Mexico]. / Percepción de riesgo para VIH y sexo seguro en migrantes de la frontera norte de México.

INTRODUCTION: In 2019, 9,828 new cases of HIV and 5,825 of AIDS were detected in Mexico, the migrant population is considered highly vulnerable, which is presumed to be due to unfavorable conditions in their transit through the country, an important variable in the context of sexual health is the perception that they may have about being or not at risk. A study of perception of contracting HIV can have important implications for health. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the perception of risk for HIV and safe sex in migrants from the northern border of Mexico. METHODS: The design was predictive correlational and cross-sectional, sample of 302 migrants from two border cities of Tamaulipas, systematic random probability sampling. RESULTS: It was found that about 90% were men with a mean age of (M = 33,25, SD = 9,62) years, in general, migrants have a low perception of risk for HIV and this was correlated with safe sex (rs = -,134, p =,020), furthermore, a regression analysis showed that the perception of risk for HIV has a predictive effect on safe sex (ß = -, 143, F = 6,27 [gl=1,300], p = 0,013), CONCLUSION: Migrants are a group that requires interest in the field of research related to sexuality, despite being a vulnerable group and identified as at risk, their perception of acquiring HIV is low, this variable should be considered of importance in future research in the sexual field of migrants, because it can be used in conjunction with others as a model or as a mediator.

Funcionamiento familiar y calidad de vida en adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con Hipertensión Arterial. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal en una población de adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial pertenecientes al centro comunitario las Culturas de la Jurisdicción Sanitaria III en Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México, identificados a través de un muestreo por conveniencia con adultos que acudieron a consulta entre agosto a diciembre de 2019. Se les aplicó el Test de APGAR familiar (Alpha de Cronbach 0,83) y el cuestionario WhoqolBref de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se empleó estadística no paramétrica a través de la prueba de Correlación de Spearman y U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: En cuanto a la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y la calidad de vida, se encontró que la funcionalidad familiar se relacionó con la calidad de vida global (p= 0,011), psicológica (p= 0,008), social (p= 0,010) y ambiental (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: Es importante considerar que los factores que intervienen en el funcionamiento familiar y la calidad de vida del adulto mayor podrían afectar el avance de la enfermedad, generar complicaciones y afectar una adecuada aceptación y el mejoramiento de la salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the relationship between family functioning and quality of life in older adults with High Blood Pressure. Material and Method: Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study in a population of older adults with high blood pressure belonging to the community center Las Culturas of Health Jurisdiction III in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, identified through convenience sampling with adults who attended for consultation between August to December 2019. The subjects were administered the Family APGAR Test (Cronbach's Alpha .83) and the WhoqolBref questionnaire of the World Health Organization. Non-parametric statistics were used applying Spearman's Correlation test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Regarding the relationship between family functioning and quality of life, it was found that family functionality was related to overall quality of life (p= .011), psychological (p= .008), social (p= .010) and environmental (p= .001). Conclusions: It is important to consider that the factors involved in the family functioning and quality of life of the older adults could affect the progression of the disease, cause complications and affect adequate acceptance and improvement of health.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre o funcionamento familiar e a qualidade de vida em idosos com hipertensão arterial. Material e Método: Estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal em uma população de idosos com hipertensão arterial pertencente ao centro comunitário Las Culturas da Jurisdição de Saúde III em Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México, identificados através de amostragem por conveniência com adultos que participaram de consulta entre agosto e dezembro de 2019. O sujeitos foram entregues o Teste APGAR familiar (Alfa de Cronbach .83) e ou questionário WhoqolBref da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Estatísticas não paramétricas foram utilizadas aplicando o teste de correlação de Spearman e o teste Mann-Whitney U. Resultados: Quanto à relação entre o funcionamento familiar e a qualidade de vida, verificou-se que a funcionalidade familiar está relacionada à qualidade da vida em geral (p= ,011), psicológica (p= ,008), social (p= ,010) e ambiental (p ,001). Conclusão: É importante considerar que os fatores envolvidos no funcionamento da família e na qualidade de vida dos idosos podem afetar a progressão da doença, causar complicações e afetar a aceitação adequada e a melhoria da saúde.

Función sensorial y cognición en adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica / Sensory function and cognition in older adults with chronic disease

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre función sensorial y cognición en adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio correlacional en 98 adultos mayores de Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México. La función sensorial se valoró a través de la medición del gusto, olfato y tacto o sensibilidad de los pies. Se aplicó la prueba de MoCA para la evaluación cognitiva. Los datos se analizaron en el paquete estadístico SPSS-20, se aplicó la prueba de Correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La cognición se relacionó positivamente con el gusto (rs=0.336; p=0.001), el olfato (rs=0.297; p=0.003), sensibilidad del pie izquierdo (rs=0.380; p=0.000) y sensibilidad del pie derecho (rs=0.256; p=0.011). Conclusiones: La función cognitiva y sensorial de los adultos mayores, se convierte en un escenario que puede orientar en la toma de decisiones, para intervenciones en la cronicidad y desarrollo de políticas públicas.

Abstract Objective: to determine the association between sensory function and cognition in elder adults with chronic disease. Materials and Methods: Correlational study in 98 elder adults from Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Sensory function was assessed through the measurement of taste, smell and touch or sensitivity of the feet. The MoCA test was applied for cognitive evaluation. The data was analyzed in the statistical package SPSS-20, the Spearman Correlation test was applied : cognition was positively related to taste (rs = 0.336; p=0.001), smell (rs = 0.297; p = 0.003), sensitivity of the left foot (rs = 0.380; p = 0.000) and sensitivity of the right foot (rs = 0.256; p = 0.011). Conclusions: The cognitive and sensory function of elder adults becomes a scenario that can guide decision-making for interventions in chronicity and development of public policies.

Depresión, ansiedad, función cognitiva y dependencia funcional en adultos mayores hospitalizados / Depression, anxiety, cognitive function, and functional dependence in hospitalized older adults

OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación entre la depresión, ansiedad y función cognitiva con la dependencia en adultos mayores. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional de corte transversal en 98 adultos mayores hospitalizados. Se aplicó la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión, el test de evaluación cognitiva de Montreal e Índice de Barthel. RESULTADOS: La edad, el género, la depresión, la ansiedad y la función cognitiva explican el 33% de la dependencia funcional. Las variables que influyen sobre la dependencia en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria fueron el género (p=.000), la depresión (p=.002) y la función cognitiva (p=.002). CONCLUSIONES: En la valoración de la funcionalidad del adulto mayor hospitalizado es importante considerar el género, la depresión y la función cognitiva

OBJECTIVE: Determine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and cognitive function with dependency in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study conducted on 98 hospitalized older adults. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Montreal Cognitive Evaluation Test, and the Barthel Index were applied. RESULTS: Age, gender, depression, anxiety, and cognitive function explain 33% of functional dependency. The variables that influence dependence to carry out basic activities in daily life were gender (p = .000), depression (p = .002), and cognitive function (p =.002). CONCLUSIONS: In assessing the functionality of hospitalized older adults, gender, depression, and cognitive function are important to consider

Hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los factores relacionados con hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica. Material y Método. Estudio correlacional de corte transversal en 200 adultos mayores de Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México. El trabajo de campo se realizó en el primer semestre de 2019 y mediante un cuestionario ex profeso, se midieron los hábitos alimentarios y actividad física. Se usaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables continuas; frecuencias y porcentajes para variables cualitativas; prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov con corrección de Lilliefors para determinar distribución de variables numéricas; coeficientes de correlación de Spearman para relaciones entre las variables sociodemográficas, enfermedad crónica, hábitos alimenticios y actividad física. El estudio fue aprobado por los comités de ética e investigación (FAEN-D-912). Resultados: El consumo de refrescos (p= ,039), legumbres (p= ,001) y pescado (p= ,005) se relacionó con la escolaridad; la ingesta de agua (p= ,007), legumbres (p< ,001) y escolaridad (p< ,001) se relacionó con la edad; la caminata por semana (p< ,001) y minutos que dedican a caminar (p< ,001) se relacionó con el consumo de agua. Conclusiones. La alimentación y la actividad física en los adultos mayores son importantes para la prevención y control de las enfermedades crónicas y otro tipo de enfermedades. Los resultados de este estudio reflejan la urgencia de intervenir en etapas tempranas para enfatizar hábitos de una alimentación balanceada y la práctica regular de actividad física asociada a la salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the factors related to eating habits and physical activity in older adults with chronic disease. Material and Method: Cross-sectional correlational study, carried out with 200 older adults from Matamoros, Tamaulipas State, Mexico. The field work was conducted in the first semester of 2019 and eating habits as well as physical activity were measured using an ex profeso questionnaire. Different measures were used: central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables; frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with Lilliefors correction to determine distribution of numerical variables; Spearman's correlation coefficients for relationships among sociodemographic variables, chronic disease, eating habits and physical activity. The study was approved by the ethics and research committees FAEN-D-912. Results: The consumption of soft drinks (p= .039), legumes (p= .001) and fish (p= .005) were related to schooling; water intake (p= .007), legumes (p< 001) and schooling (p< .001) were related to age; walking per week (p< .001) and walking minutes (p< .001) were related to water consumption. Conclusions: Diet and physical activity in older adults are important for the prevention and control of chronic diseases and other diseases. The results of this study reflect the urgency of early intervention to emphasize balanced eating habits and the regular practice of health-related physical activity.

RESUMO Objetivo. Determinar os fatores relacionados aos hábitos alimentares e atividade física em idosos com doença crónica. Material e Método: Estudo correlacional transversal em 200 idosos de Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México. O trabalho de campo foi realizado no primeiro semestre de 2019 e por meio de um questionário deliberado foram mensurados os hábitos alimentares e a atividade física. Medidas de tendência central e dispersão foram utilizadas para variáveis contínuas; frequências e percentuais para variáveis qualitativas; teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov com correção de Lilliefors para determinar a distribuição das variáveis numéricas; coeficientes de correlação de Spearman para relações entre variáveis sociodemográficas, doença crónica, hábitos alimentares e atividade física. O estudo foi aprovado pelos comitês de ética e pesquisa (FAEN-D-912). Resultados: O consumo de refrigerantes (p= .039), legumes (p= .001) e peixe (p= .005) foram relacionados à escolaridade; a ingestão de água (p = .007), leguminosas (p= .001) e escolaridade (p= .001) foram relacionadas à idade; a caminhada por semana (p< .001) e os minutos dedicados à caminhada (p< .001) estavam relacionados ao consumo de água. Conclusões: A alimentação e a atividade física em idosos são importantes para a prevenção e o controle de doenças crónicas e outros tipos de doenças. Os resultados deste estudo refletem a urgência de intervir nas fases iniciais para enfatizar os hábitos de uma alimentação equilibrada e a prática regular de atividade física associada à saúde.

Uso de la metodología Walker y Avant para análisis del concepto: envejecimiento activo / Use of the Walker and Avant methodology for concept analysis: active aging / Uso da metodologia Walker e Avant para análise de conceito: envelhecimento ativo

OBJETIVO: Analizar el concepto "envejecimiento activo" segun la propuesta de Walker y Avant. MÉTODO: El análisis de concepto se hizo a través de los ocho pasos propuestos por Walker y Avant. La investigación documental se aplicó en bases de datos Google Academic, EBSCO y MEDLINE, y páginas oficiales de organismos nacionales e internacionales. RESULTADOS: no existe una definición como tal excepto la definición de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, al parecer una definición que trasciende a la persona; además los indicadores empíricos que se han utilizado para evaluar el envejecimiento activo son diversos. CONCLUSIONES: Para enfermería sería de mayor utilidad promocionar un envejecimiento activo con una definición más individualizada y alcanzable para el adulto y un indicador para su medición

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the concept of "active aging" according to the proposal of Walker and Avant. METHOD: The concept analysis was done through the eight steps proposed by Walker and Avant. The documentary research was applied in Google Academic, EBSCO and MEDLINE databases, and official pages of national and international organizations. RESULTS: there is no definition as such except the definition of the World Health Organization, apparently a definition that transcends the person; In addition, the empirical indicators that have been used to assess active aging are diverse. CONCLUSIONS: It would be more useful for nursing to promote active aging with a more individualized and attainable definition for the adult and an indicator for its measurement

O envelhecimento ativo é umconceito atual e de importância transcendente para o setor saúde, pois sua importância permite a conscientização de toda a equipe de saúde e, principalmente, da enfermagem, disciplina que se caracteriza por participar de programas de prevenção e promoção de saúde. saúde, uma ação que pode influenciar essa faixa etária. Aprofundar a análise desse conceito fortalecerá o conhecimento e proporá estratégias para melhorar o cuidado de enfermagem

Depresión como factor asociado a la obesidad en adolescentes / Depression as a factor associated to obesity in adolescents / Depressão como fator associado à obesidade em adolescentes

Objetivo: identificar la relación que existe entre la depresión y la obesidad en adolescentes de una ciudad de la frontera del noreste de México. Método: diseño de tipo correlacional y transversal. Muestra de tipo probabilístico aleatorio, con 218 adolescentes con obesidad (tipo I, II o III) de nivel secundaria y preparatoria de la ciudad Heroica Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Realizaron medidas antropométricas (peso y talla) y para determinar el grado de obesidad se obtuvo el Índice de Masa Corporal y para la depresión se utilizó el inventario de Beck. Resultados: la media de edad fue de 15.9 años (DE=1.6), 55% de sexo femenino y el 79.3% del nivel preparatoria, el 57.8% obesidad clase I del grupo de 12 a 17 años y 53.5% de 18 y 19 años, con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino. No se encontró asociación entre depresión y clases de obesidad (X2= 4.7, p<.578). Conclusión: aunque no se encontró asociación entre la depresión y la obesidad, se obtuvo información relevante sobre la salud de los adolescentes. La depresión mínima fue la más frecuente.

Objective: to identify the relationship between depression and obesity in adolescents from a city on the northeastern border of Mexico. Method: correlational and crosssectional type design. Sample was random probabilistic type, with 218 obese adolescents (type I, II or III) of secondary and preparatory level of the city Heroica Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Anthropometric measurements (weight and size) were collected and to determine the degree of obesity the Body Mass Index was obtained. For depression, the Beck's inventory was used. Results: the mean age was 15.9 years (SD = 1.6), 55% female and 79.3% of the high school level, 57.8% class I obesity of the group of 12 to 17 years old and 53.5% of 18 and 19 years old , more often in the female sex. No association was found between depression and obesity classes (X2 = 4.7, p <.578). Conclusion: although no association was found between depression and obesity, relevant information on adolescent health was obtained. Minimal depression was the most prevalent.

Objetivo: identificar a relação entre depressão e obesidade em adolescentes de uma cidade na fronteira nordeste do México. Método: desenho do tipo correlacional e transversal. Amostra probabilística aleatória, com 218 adolescentes obesos (tipo I, II ou III) de nivel médio e preparatório da cidade Heroica Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Realizaram medidas antropométricas (peso e altura) e para determinar o grau de obesidade foi obtido o Índice de Massa Corporal. Para depressão, utilizou-se o inventário de Beck. Resultados: a idade média foi de 15,9 anos (DP = 1,6), 55% de sexo feminino e 79,3% de nível preparatório, 57,8% de grau I do grupo obeso de 12 a 17 anos e 53,5% de 18 e 19 anos, com maior frequência no sexo feminino. Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre as classes de depressão e obesidade (X2 = 4,7, p <.578). Conclusão: embora não tenha sido encontrada associação entre depressão e obesidade, foram obtidas informações relevantes sobre a saúde dos adolescentes. A depressão mínima foi a que mais prevaleceu.

Factors Contributing to Active Aging in Older Adults, from the Framework of Roy's Adaptation Model.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the variables contributing to the explanation of active aging according to Roy's adaptation model. METHODS: Descriptive correlational study, with convenience and snowball sampling. Two hundred older adults with chronic disease, were included. The instruments used were: a) Yesavage's Geriatric depression scale, b) Pheiffer's mental state questionnaire, c) basic activities of daily living, d) instrumental activities of daily living, e) Hope scale, f) coping mechanism items from the Successful Aging Inventory (coping with aging), g) hours of volunteer work, and h) The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Coping with aging was composed of independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, free from symptoms of depression, good mental state, and perception of health as good. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, and simple and multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Fifty one percent of the participants showed active aging (42% men, and 56% women). Of the proposed variables, the variables showing effect on the variables of active aging, in the generalized linear model, were years of suffering the disease (Λ=0.922; p=0.008), coping with aging (Λ=0.582; p=0.001), and perceived social support (Λ=0.885; p=0.001). These three variables explained 5% of basic activities of daily living, 41% of the instrumental activities, 12.5% of health perception, 26% of mental state, and 21% of depression. Hope, and volunteer work were not significant. When the variables of active aging were dichotomized, age showed negative effect on global active aging and coping with aging positive effect. CONCLUSIONS: Although, proposed variables explained individually active aging, only coping with aging explained global active aging.

Factores que contribuyen al Envejecimiento Activo en los adultos mayores, desde el marco del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy / Fatores que contribuem ao Envelhecimento Ativo nos adultos maiores, desde o marco do Modelo de Adaptação de Roy / Factors Contributing to Active Aging in Older Adults, from the Framework of Roy's Adaptation Model

Objective. To determine the variables contributing to the explanation of active aging according to Roy's adaptation model. Methods. Descriptive correlational study, with convenience and snowball sampling. Two hundred older adults with chronic disease, were included. The instruments used were: a) Yesavage's Geriatric depression scale, b) Pheiffer's mental state questionnaire, c) basic activities of daily living, d) instrumental activities of daily living, e) Hope scale, f) coping mechanism items from the Successful Aging Inventory (coping with aging), g) hours of volunteer work, and h) The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Coping with aging was composed of independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, free from symptoms of depression, good mental state, and perception of health as good. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, and simple and multiple linear regression models. Results. Fifty one percent of the participants showed active aging (42% men, and 56% women). Of the proposed variables, the variables showing effect on the variables of active aging, in the generalized linear model, were years of suffering the disease (Λ=0.922; p=0.008), coping with aging (Λ=0.582; p=0.001), and perceived social support (Λ=0.885; p=0.001). These three variables explained 5% of basic activities of daily living, 41% of the instrumental activities, 12.5% of health perception, 26% of mental state, and 21% of depression. Hope, and volunteer work were not significant. When the variables of active aging were dichotomized, age showed negative effect on global active aging and coping with aging positive effect. Conclusion. Although, proposed variables explained individually active aging, only coping with aging explained global active aging. (AU)

Objetivo. Determinar las variables que contribuyen a la explicación del envejecimiento activo de acuerdo con el modelo de adaptacion de Roy. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo correlacional; se hizo muestreo por conveniencia y bola de nieve. Se incluyeron 200 adultos mayores. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: a) escala geriátrica de depresión de Yesavage, b) cuestionario de estado mental de Pfeiffer, c) Actividades básicas de la vida diaria, d) Actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, e) escala de esperanza, f) reactivos de mecanismos de afrontamiento del inventario de Envejecimiento exitoso (afrontamiento al envejecimiento), y g) el cuestionario de apoyo social Duke-UNC-11. El envejecimiento activo se conformó por independencia en las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria, libre de síntomas de depresión, buen estado mental y percepción de salud buena. Los datos se analizaron a partir de estadística descriptiva e inferencial, y modelos de regresión lineal y múltiple. Resultados. El 51% de los participantes mostró envejecimiento activo (42% en hombres y 56% en mujeres). De las variables propuestas, el modelo lineal generalizado mostró que los años de padecer la enfermedad, (Λ=0.922; p=0.008), el afrontamiento al envejecimiento (Λ=0.582; p=0.001), y el apoyo social percibido (Λ=0.885; p= 0.001), presentaron efecto sobre las variables que conformaron el envejecimiento activo. Estas tres variables explicaron el 5% de las actividades de la vida diaria, 41% de las instrumentales, 12.5% de la percepción de salud, 26% del estado mental y el 21% de la depresión. La esperanza y trabajo voluntario no fueron significativas. Al dicotomizar las variables del envejecimiento activo se encontraron efectos negativos de la edad y positivos del afrontamiento al envejecimiento. Conclusión. Aunque en este estudio se encontró que las variables propuestas explican en forma individual las variables del envejecimiento activo, solamente el afrontamiento al envejecimiento explicó la varianza del envejecimiento activo en forma global. (AU)

Objetivo. Determinar as variáveis que contribuem à explicação do envelhecimento ativo de acordo ao modelo de adaptação de Roy. Métodos. Estudo descritivo de correlação, se fez amostragem por conveniência e bola de neve. Se incluíram 200 adultos maiores. Se utilizaram os instrumentos: a) escala geriátrica de depressão de Yesavage, b) questionário de estado mental de Pfeiffer, c) Atividades básicas da vida diária, d) Atividades instrumentais da vida diária, e) escala de esperança, f) reativos de mecanismos de afrontamento do inventário de Envelhecimento de sucesso (afrontamento ao envelhecimento), e g) o questionário de apoio social Duke-UNC-11. O envelhecimento ativo se conformou por independência nas atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária, livre de sintomas de depressão, bom estado mental e percepção de boa saúde. Os dados se analisaram através de estatística descritiva e inferencial, e modelos de regressão lineal e múltipla. Resultados. 51% dos participantes mostrou envelhecimento ativo (42% em homens e 56% em mulheres). Das variáveis propostas o modelo lineal generalizado mostrou que os anos de padecer a doença, (Λ=0.922; p=0.008), o afrontamento ao envelhecimento (Λ=0.582; p=0.001), e o apoio social percebido (Λ=0.885; p=0.001), apresentaram efeito sobre as variáveis que conformaram o envelhecimento ativo. Estas três variáveis explicaram 5% das atividades da vida diária, 41% dos instrumentais, 12.5% da percepção de saúde, 26% do estado mental e 21% da depressão. A esperança, e trabalho voluntário não foram significativas. Ao classificar as variáveis do envelhecimento ativo se encontrou efeito negativo da idade e positivo do afrontamento ao envelhecimento sobre o envelhecimento ativo global. Conclusão. Embora neste estudo se encontrou que as variáveis propostas explicam em forma individual as variáveis do envelhecimento ativo, somente o afrontamento ao envelhecimento explicou a variável do envelhecimento ativo em forma global. (AU)

Middle-Range Theory: Coping and Adaptation with Active Aging.

Various disciplines focus on a multiplicity of aspects of aging: lifestyles, personal biological factors, psychological conditions, health conditions, physical environment, and social and economic factors. The aforementioned are all related to the determinants of active aging. The aim is to describe the development of a middle-range theory based on coping and adaptation with active aging. Concepts and relationships derived from Roy's model of adaptation are included. The proposed concepts are hope, health habits, coping with aging, social relations, and active aging.

Estructura social y actividades productivas en adultos mayores de una zona marginal / Social support and productive activities in enderly from fringe areas

Introducción: las relaciones sociales y la participación en actividades productivas brindan a los adultos mayores satisfactores para la salud y su bienestar. Objetivo: describir la estructura de las relaciones sociales y las actividades productivas que realizan los adultos mayores de un área marginal en Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 214 adultos mayores entre 60 y 93 años de edad de un área marginal. Se utilizó la Escala de Estructura de las Relaciones Sociales y el índice de Actividades Productivas. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los adultos mayores cuentan con una amplia diversidad de contactos pero su interacción es baja. La figura con quien mayor contacto tienen son los vecinos. Los adultos mayores tienen pocas actividades productivas pero invierten gran cantidad de horas en ellas. Conclusiones: resalta la importancia de figuras no relacionadas parentalmente que pueden ser el puente entre el adulto mayor y recursos de la sociedad. Los datos de pocas actividades y gran cantidad de horas dedicadas a ellas contrastan con estudios reportados donde los adultos mayores participan en mayor número de actividades dentro y fuera de casa. La influencia de la estructura de las relaciones sociales, participación y compromiso social por contactos personales sustituye la carencia material.

Background: the social relationship and the productive activities give to elderly satisfaction and promotes good behavior and health. Objective: to describe the structure of the social relationships and productive activities that are performed by older people in a marginal area in Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Methodology: a descriptive study was done in 214 older adults between 60 and 93 years from a marginal area. The Scale of Structure of Social Relationships and the Index of Productive Activities was used. The analysis was done through descriptive statistics. Results: older adults have a wide diversity of contacts, but their interaction is low. The neighbors are the figures who they have more contact. Older adults have few productive activities, and they invest the most of their time on those. Conclusions: it shows the importance of figures non parental related who might be the bridge between the older adult and resources from the society. Data of few activities and a big amount of hours dedicated to those contrast with reported studies where the older adults participate in a major number of in and out home activities. The influence of the social relationships structure, participation, and social commitment for personal contacts is what substitutes the scarcity of material goods.

Cuidado enfermero en el recién nacido prematuro / Nursing care in premature newborn

Introducción: La prematuréz se define como la edad gestacional del neonato entre 21 y 37 semanas de gestación. Continúa siendo un factor importante de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal en el mundo. En Estados Unidos se presenta en cerca del 11 % de los embarazos, es responsable del 70 % de las muertes neonatales y del 50 % de las discapacidades neurológicas. Objetivo: Gestionar el cuidado enfermero y la tecnología del cuidado neonatal mediante la solución de problemas de salud con el fin de incrementar el promedio y la calidad de vida del paciente prematuro. Desarrollo: Valoración clínica de enfermería por patrones funcionales de salud, entre los que destacan: percepción y control de la salud, aspecto nutricional y metabólico, eliminación, actividad y ejercicio, reposo y sueño, cognoscitivo y perceptual, autopercepción y autoconcepto, función y relación, sexualidad y reproducción, afrontamiento y tolerancia al estrés y por último valores y creencias. Aplicando los diagnósticos enfermeros por patrones funcionales de salud de North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. Conclusiones: La aplicación de los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon en el contexto de los cuidados del prematuro ofertan el incremento en sus posibilidades de supervivencia, permitiendo un manejo profesionalizado por el personal de enfermería.

Introduction: Prematurity in newborns is defined as gestational age of the newborn between the 21 and 37 weeks of gestation, and it continues being an important factor of neonatal morbid-mortality on the world. In the United States it is present in about 11 % of pregnancy women; it is responsible for 70 % of neonatal deaths, and for 50 % of neurological incapacities. Objective: To take charge of the nursing care and the technology of neonatal care through solving health problems with the goal of increasing the average and life quality of premature patient. Implementation: Clinical assessment by functional health patterns, such as perception and control of health, nutritional and metabolic aspect, voiding, activity and exercise, relaxation and sleeping, cognitive and perceptual, self-perception and self-concept, function and relationship, sexuality and reproduction, facing and stress tolerance, and values and beliefs, applying the nursing diagnosis by health functional patterns from the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. Conclusions: The application of Marjory Gordon's functional patterns within the context of premature newborn care offer increasing possibilities of staying alive, allowing a professionalized care by nursing personnel.