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Liquid biopsies have been identified as a viable source of cancer biomarkers. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cell-free DNA integrity (cfDI) in liquid biopsies for cancer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to June 2024. Seventy-two study units from forty-six studies, comprising 4286 cancer patients, were identified and evaluated. The Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to assess study quality. Meta-regression analysis was employed to investigate the underlying factors contributing to heterogeneity, alongside an evaluation of publication bias. The bivariate random-effect model was utilized to compute the primary diagnostic outcomes and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of cfDI in cancer diagnosis were 0.70 and 0.77, 3.26 and 0.34, respectively. The overall area under the curve was 0.84, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 10.63. This meta-analysis suggested that the cfDI index has a promising potential as a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tool for cancer. Study registration: The study was registered at PROSPERO (reference No. CRD42021276290).
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INTRODUCTION: Owing to controversy information surrounds effect of glucocorticoids on the evolution of COVID-19, we evaluate the effects of outpatient glucocorticoid use on the severity and progression of COVID-19 and risk of infection and analyse the effect of window of exposure and dose. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case - control study, involving 4 substudies: (i) Hospitalisation; (ii) Mortality, using subjects hospitalised with a PCR + as cases and subjects without a PCR + as controls; (iii) Progression, including subjects with a PCR + (hospitalised versus non-hospitalised); and (iv) Susceptibility, with all subjects with a PCR + and subjects without a PCR + . Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: The outpatient glucocorticoid use was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.56-2.05), mortality (aOR 2.30; 95% CI 1.68-3.15), progression (aOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.43-2.00) and susceptibility (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19-1.41). Furthermore, the effects was observed to be greater at higher doses and the closer that drug use approached the outcome date, with an almost fourfold increase in mortality among users in the previous month (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 2.63-5.62). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this real-world data study, outpatient glucocorticoid use should be considered in making decisions about intrahospital treatment.
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COVID-19 , Glucocorticoides , Hospitalización , Humanos , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Glucocorticoides/efectos adversos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Adulto , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Progresión de la Enfermedad , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The association between use of antipsychotics and COVID-19 outcomes is inconsistent, which may be linked to use of these drugs in age-related diseases. Furthermore, there is little evidence regarding their effect in the nongeriatric population. We aim to assess the association between antipsychotic use and risk of disease progression and hospitalization due to COVID-19 among the general population, stratifying by age. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, multiple case-control study to assess risk of hospitalization, with cases being patients with a PCR(+) test who required hospitalization and controls being individuals without a PCR(+) test; and risk of progression to hospitalization, with cases being the same as those used in the hospitalization substudy and controls being nonhospitalized PCR(+) patients. We calculated adjusted odds-ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), both overall and stratified by age. RESULTS: Antipsychotic treatment in patients younger than 65 years was not associated with a higher risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 (aOR 0.94 [95%CI = 0.69-1.27]) and disease progression among PCR(+) patients (aOR 0.96 [95%CI = 0.70-1.33]). For patients aged 65 years or older, however, there was a significant, increased risk of hospitalization (aOR 1.58 [95% CI = 1.38-1.80]) and disease progression (aOR 1.31 [95% CI = 1.12-1.55]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our large-scale real-world data study suggest that antipsychotic use is not associated with a greater risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 and progression to hospitalization among patients younger than 65 years. The effect found in the group aged 65 years or older might be associated with off-label use of antipsychotics.
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Antipsicóticos , COVID-19 , Hospitalización , Humanos , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , COVID-19/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Edad , Adulto , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Pacientes AmbulatoriosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of prior chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/ angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), both as a group and by active ingredient, on severity (risk of hospitalization and mortality), progression of and susceptibility to COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a multiple population-based case-control study in Galicia (north-west Spain). The study data were sourced from medical, administrative and clinical databases. We assessed: (1) risk of hospitalization, by selecting all patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with PCR + as cases, and a random sample of subjects without a PCR + as controls; (2) COVID-19 mortality risk; (3) risk of disease progression; and (4) susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, considering all patients with PCR + as cases, and the same subjects used in the previous model as controls. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated. RESULTS: ACEIs and ARBs were shown to decrease the risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.78 [95%CI 0.69-0.89] and aOR = 0.80 [95%CI 0.72-0.90] respectively), risk of mortality (aOR = 0.71 [95%CI 0.52-0.98] and aOR = 0.69 [95%CI 0.52-0.91] respectively), and susceptibility to the virus (aOR = 0.88 [95%CI 0.82-0.94] and aOR = 0.92 [95%CI 0.86-0.97] respectively). By active ingredient: use of enalapril was associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.72 [95%CI 0.61-0.85]), mortality (aOR = 0.59 [95%CI 0.38-0.92]) and susceptibility to COVID-19 (aOR = 0.86 [95%CI 0.79-0.94]); and use of candesartan was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.76 [95%CI 0.60-0.95]), mortality (aOR = 0.36 [95%CI 0.17-0.75]) and disease progression (aOR = 0.73 [95%CI 0.56-0.95]). CONCLUSION: This large-scale real-world data study suggest that enalapril and candesartan are associated with a considerable reduction in risk of severe COVID19 outcomes.
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Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina , Antihipertensivos , COVID-19 , Hospitalización , Humanos , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/epidemiología , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Femenino , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , España/epidemiología , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Progresión de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hypercoagulability and thromboembolism are processes that arise from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and are responsible for a high degree of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related morbidity and mortality. This study sought to assess the effect of antiplatelet drugs on COVID-19 severity (risk of hospitalization and mortality), susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and progression to severe COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study in a northwestern region of Spain in 2020. The study involved 3060 participants with a positive polymerase chain reaction test who were hospitalized, 26 757 participants with a positive polymerase chain reaction test who were not hospitalized, and 56 785 healthy controls. RESULTS: Triflusal seemed to be associated with a significant increase in risk of hospitalization (aOR, 1.97; 95%CI, 1.27-3.04) and susceptibility to infection (OR, 1.45; 95%CI, 1.07-1.96). It also appeared to lead to a nonsignificant increase in the risk of mortality (OR, 2.23; 95%CI, 0.89-5.55) and/or progression to more severe disease stages (OR, 1.42; 95%CI, 0.8-2.51). Aspirin seemed to be associated with a statistically significant decrease in susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (OR, 0.92; 95%CI, 0.86-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Triflusal use appears to increase the risk of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and an even higher risk of hospitalization, whereas the other antiplatelets could be associated with a reduction in the risk of the various outcomes or have no effect on risk. These findings could support reconsideration of triflusal prescription in COVID-19 pandemic situations.
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COVID-19 , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Hospitalización , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Masculino , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Femenino , España/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Salicilatos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Aspirina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) has been recently proven to alleviate depressive-like behaviors in both rats and mice models. However, its potential role as a peripheral biomarker has not been evaluated in depression. To do this, we measured plasma IGF-2 and other members of the IGF family such as Binding Proteins (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-7) in a depressed group of patients (n = 51) and in a healthy control group (n = 48). In some of these patients (n = 15), we measured these proteins after a period (19 ± 6 days) of treatment with antidepressants. The Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Self-Assessment Anhedonia Scale (SAAS) were used to measure depression severity and anhedonia, respectively. The general cognition state was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test and memory with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). The levels of both IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 were found to be significantly increased in the depressed group; however, only IGF-2 remained significantly elevated after correction by age and sex. On the other hand, the levels of IGF-2, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 were significantly decreased after treatment, whereas only IGFBP-7 was significantly increased. Therefore, peripheral changes in the IGF family and their response to antidepressants might represent alterations at the brain level in depression.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Factor II del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina , Humanos , Ratas , Animales , Ratones , Factor II del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Proteína 3 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina , Proteína 5 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Anhedonia , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Proteína 2 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la InsulinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dapagliflozin has been proposed as a potential treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by reducing cytokine production and inflammation. However, there are limited data on its effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 severity (including hospitalization risk, ICU admission, in-hospital death and progression to severe COVID-19) and its potential on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study. For aim 1, we assessed COVID-19 severity in cases (positive PCR patients requiring hospitalization) and matched controls (negative PCR patients or positive PCR patients not requiring hospitalization). For aim 2, we compared positive PCR cases (hospitalized and non-hospitalized) with controls. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS: We analysed 86â602 subjects: 3060 were hospitalized cases, 26â757 were non-hospitalized cases and 56â785 were controls. Among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 228 were admitted to the ICU and 413 died. Dapagliflozin had no effect on the risk of hospitalization (aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.65-1.48; Pâ=â0.915), ICU admissions (aOR 1.21; 95% CI 0.34-4.25; Pâ=â0.767) or in-hospital death (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 0.53-3.30; Pâ=â0.543). Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 by 35%, but this was not statistically significant (aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.40-1.06; Pâ=â0.086). Dapagliflozin was associated with a 30% increased risk of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.05-1.62; Pâ=â0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Use of dapagliflozin prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, mortality or progression to severe COVID-19. However, it was associated with an increased risk of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Estudios de Casos y Controles , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
Evidence of the effect of statins on patients with coronavirus disease (2019) COVID-19 is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between chronic use of statins-both overall and by active ingredient-and severe outcomes of COVID-19 (risk of hospitalization and mortality), progression to severe outcomes, and susceptibility to the virus. We conducted a population-based case-control study with data from electronic records to assess the risk of (1) hospitalization: cases were patients admitted due to COVID-19 and controls were subjects without COVID-19; (2) mortality: cases were hospitalized patients who died due to COVID-19 and controls were subjects without COVID-19; (3) progression: cases were hospitalized COVID-19 subjects and controls were nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients; and (4) susceptibility: cases were patients with COVID-19 (both hospitalized and nonhospitalized) and controls were subjects without COVID-19. We collected data on 2821 hospitalized cases, 26 996 nonhospitalized cases, and 52 318 controls. Chronic use of atorvastatin was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.92) and mortality (aOR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53-0.93), attributable in part to a lower risk of susceptibility to the virus (aOR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86-0.96). Simvastatin was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40-0.87). The wide degree of heterogeneity observed in the estimated odds ratios (ORs) of the different statins suggests that there is no class effect. The results of this real-world study suggest that chronic use of atorvastatin (and to a lesser degree, of simvastatin) is associated with a decrease in risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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COVID-19 , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas , Humanos , Atorvastatina/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Hospitalización , SimvastatinaAsunto(s)
COVID-19 , Colchicina , Humanos , Colchicina/uso terapéutico , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Investigación , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Weight loss (≥5 %) reduces the risk of CVD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1 RA) have shown clinically weight loss. OBJECTIVES: 1) To assess differences in the efficacy of weight loss and HbA1c; 2) to evaluate the safety and adherence during the titration phase. METHODS: It is a multicenter, prospective, and observational study on GLP1 RA naïve patients. The primary end point was the weight loss (≥5 %). Changes in weight, BMI and HbA1c were also calculated as co-primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints were safety, adherence, and tolerance. RESULTS: Among 94 subjects, 42.4 % received dulaglutide, 29,3 % subcutaneous semaglutide, 22,8 % oral semaglutide. 45 % female and the mean age was 62. Baseline characteristics were body weight 99.3 kg, BMI 36.7 kg/m2 and Hba1c 8.2 %. Oral semaglutide achieved the highest reduction: 61.1 % of patients achieving ≥ 5 %, subcutaneous semaglutide 45.8 % and dulaglutide 40.6 %. GLP1 RA significantly reduced body weight (-4.95 kg, p < 0.001) and BMI (-1.86 kg/m2, p < 0.001), without significant differences between groups. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequently reported events (74.5 %). 62 % of patients on dulaglutide, 25 % on oral semaglutide and 22 % on subcutaneous semaglutide. CONCLUSIONS: Oral semaglutide achieved the highest proportion of patients that lost ≥ 5 %. GLP1 RA significantly reduced BMI and HbA1c. Most of the reported adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders and they were reported in a major frequency in the dulaglutide group. Oral semaglutide would be a reasonable switch in case of future shortages.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/efectos adversos , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/agonistas , Hemoglobina Glucada , Estudios Prospectivos , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
The World Health Organization has proposed that a search be made for alternatives to vaccines for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, with one such alternative being selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This study thus sought to assess: the impact of previous treatment with SSRI antidepressants on the severity of COVID-19 (risk of hospitalisation, admission to an intensive care unit [ICU], and mortality), its influence on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and progression to severe COVID-19. We conducted a population-based multiple case-control study in a region in the north-west of Spain. Data were sourced from electronic health records. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95%CIs were calculated using multilevel logistic regression. We collected data from a total of 86,602 subjects: 3060 cases PCR+, 26,757 non-hospitalised cases PCR+ and 56,785 controls (without PCR+). Citalopram displayed a statistically significant decrease in the risk of hospitalisation (aOR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49-0.99, p = 0.049) and progression to severe COVID-19 (aOR=0.64; 95% CI 0.43-0.96, p = 0.032). Paroxetine was associated with a statistically significant decrease in risk of mortality (aOR=0.34; 95% CI 0.12 - 0.94, p = 0.039). No class effect was observed for SSRIs overall, nor was any other effect found for the remaining SSRIs. The results of this large-scale, real-world data study indicate that, citalopram, could be a candidate drug for being repurposed as preventive treatment aimed at reducing COVID-19 patients' risk of progressing to severe stages of the disease.
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COVID-19 , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina , Humanos , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Citalopram/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Reposicionamiento de Medicamentos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Colchicine is one of the most widely studied and best-known anti-inflammatory treatments. This study aimed to assess the effect of colchicine on risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19; and its effect on susceptibility to and severity of the virus in patients with COVID-19. We carried out a population-based case-control study. The following groups were applied: (1) to assess risk of hospitalization, cases were patients with a positive PCR who were hospitalized due to COVID-19, and controls without a positive PCR; (2) to assess susceptibility to COVID-19, cases were patients with a positive PCR (hospitalized and non-hospitalized), and the same controls; (3) to determine potential severity, cases were subjects with COVID-19 hospitalized, and controls patients with COVID-19 nonhospitalised. Different electronic, linked, administrative health and clinical databases were used to extract data on sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, and medications dispensed. The study covered 3060 subjects with a positive PCR who were hospitalized, 26 757 with a positive PCR who were not hospitalized, and 56 785 healthy controls. After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities and other treatments, colchicine did not modify risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-1.53]), patients' susceptibility to contracting the disease (adjusted OR 1.12 (95% CI 0.91-1.37)) or the severity of the infection (adjusted OR 1.03 [95% CI 0.67-1.59]). Our results would neither support the prophylactic use of colchicine for prevention of the infection or hospitalization in any type of patient, nor justify the withdrawal of colchicine treatment due to a higher risk of contracting COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Colchicina/uso terapéutico , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudios de Casos y Controles , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the role played by anticoagulants in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of previous anticoagulant treatment on risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19, progression to severe COVID-19 and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We conducted a multiple population-based case-control study in northwest Spain, in 2020, to assess (1) risk of hospitalization: cases were all patients admitted due to COVID-19 with PCR confirmation, and controls were a random matched sample of subjects without a positive PCR; (2) progression: cases were hospitalized COVID-19 subjects, and controls were all non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients; and (3) susceptibility: cases were patients with a positive PCR (hospitalized and non-hospitalized), and the controls were the same as for the hospitalization model. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS: The consumption of antivitamin K and direct-acting anticoagulants apparently was not associated with the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 (OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.74-1.17] and OR 1.04 [95% CI 0.79-1.36], respectively). Antivitamin K anticoagulants were associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.64-0.93]), which, in part, can be explained by a decreased risk of susceptibility to infection (OR 0.83 [95% CI 0.74-0.92]). The use of direct-acting anticoagulants was not associated with the risk of hospitalization, although it also seems to decrease susceptibility (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74-0.98]). It has also been observed that low-molecular-weight heparins were associated with an increased risk of progression to severe COVID-19 (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.01-1.55]). CONCLUSION: The results of this study have shown that antivitamin K anticoagulants and direct-acting anticoagulants do not increase the risk of progression to more severe stages. Antivitamin K consumption was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and susceptibility to infection.
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Anticoagulantes , COVID-19 , Humanos , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Factores de Riesgo , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) is the lead effector of atherosclerosis and main treatment target. Bempedoic acid is a novel oral drug in the therapeutic armamentarium which is able to reduce LDLc. The objectives of this study were (1) to select the potential patients for administering bempedoic acid such as those with a very high cardiovascular risk in which objectives of LDLc were not achieved despite conventional treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) and/or statins and ezetimibe and (2) to estimate the cost-effectiveness of bempedoic acid in different scenarios. The methods used were a multicenter and retrospective study of 652 patients initiating treatment with any PCSK9 inhibitor in 17 different hospitals. Before and on-treatment LDLc cholesterol levels, medical treatments, clinical indication, and baseline characteristics were recorded. The results obtained from 443 subjects in secondary prevention were analyzed. The mean (±) LDLc level at baseline was 142.5 ± 46.4 mg/dL and 61.5 ± 40.5 mg/dL in the follow-up, with a reduction of 55.9% ( P < 0.0001); 71.6% of the patients reached the target of LDL < 55 mg/dL or >50% reduction. Of those patients treated with medium-intensity and low-intensity statins plus PCSK9 inhibitors (with or without ezetimibe), only 5.7% of them were able to reduce LDL below 55 mg/dL and the main LDLc reduction in this group was the lowest (42.9% on average). Patients with TG values >135 mg/dL represented 41.6% of the sample, of which approximately 10% of them were using fibrates. Assuming only LDLc reduction and the UK price, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 88,359; 83,117; 82,378; and 79,015 for different discount rates. In conclusion, one-third of the patients could achieve the target LDL proposed in the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines. Approximately 10% of them could also benefit from treating hypertriglyceridemia as indicated in the 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention. Patients with medium-intensity and low-intensity statins plus PCSK9i and ezetimibe would be the most benefited. Bempedoic acid could be a not cost-efficacy therapy in all the scenarios, but we need to wait for the CLEAR OUTCOMES Trial results.
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Anticolesterolemiantes , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas , Humanos , Anticolesterolemiantes/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , LDL-Colesterol , Análisis de Costo-Efectividad , Ezetimiba/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de PCSK9 , Proproteína Convertasa 9 , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The cardiovascular disease is the first cause of deaths in patients with diabetes mellitus 2. The objective is to evaluate and compare the weight loss in patients with diabetes treated with the different GLP-1 receptor agonists for the first time. Secondary endpoints are glycosylated hemoglobin reduction, changes in quality of life and physical activity and the safety of these drugs. METHOD: It is a postauthorization, multicenter, non-randomized and prospective study. 360 Patients that will start treatment for the first time with GLP-1 receptor agonists will be recruited in 10 centers in the National Health System for a period of 6 months and 44 weeks of follow-up. The primary endpoint will be weight loss achieved with the different GLP-1 receptor agonists and the secondary endpoint will be glycosylated hemoglobin reduction, changes in the quality of life through the EuroQol5D and changes physical activity through the SF-12 questionnaire, and also the safety of these drugs. The estimate recruitment period will be 6 months, from 1 December 2021 to 1 May 2022. The follow up will finish in December 2022. DISCUSSION: The SEVERAL study will try to provide information about weight loss efficacy, changes in quality of life, physical activity and safety of the GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with diabetes that start treatment with these drugs in the real life. This study try to compare different GLP-1 receptor gonists in terms of effectiveness and safety for a better posterior election when these drugs are used in patients with diabetes mellitus 2 and obesity.
OBJETIVO: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la causa principal de muerte en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2. El objetivo principal es evaluar y comparar prospectivamente la pérdida de peso en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 tratados por primera vez con los diferentes análogos de la GLP-1. Como variables secundarias se estudiará reducción de la hemoglobina glicosilada, cambios en calidad de vida y actividad física y la seguridad de estos fármacos.Método: Se trata de un estudio postautorización, multicéntrico, no leatorizado de seguimiento prospectivo. Se reclutarán 360 pacientes que inicien tratamiento por primera vez con análogos de la GLP1 en 10 centros del sistema público durante un período de 6 meses y un seguimiento de 44 semanas. La variable principal será la pérdida de peso con los diferentes análogos de la GLP1 y como variable secundaria se valorarán: reducción de hemoglobina glicosilada, cambios en la calidad de vida y actividad física a través del EuroQol-5D y SF-12 y seguridad. Se ha estimadoun período de reclutamiento de 6 meses, desde el 1 de Diciembre 2021 al 1 de Mayo 2022. El seguimiento finalizará en Diciembre de 2022.Discusión: El estudio intentará aportar información sobre la efectividad en pérdida de peso, cambios en calidad de vida, actividad física y seguridad de los análogos de la GLP1 en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 que inician tratamiento con estos fármacos en la vida real. Este trabajo pretende comparar los diferentes análogos de la GLP1 en términos de eficacia y eguridad para una posterior mejor elección en la prescripción de estos fármacos en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 y obesidad.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Humanos , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/agonistas , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/efectos adversos , Hemoglobina Glucada , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Prospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Objetivo: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la causa principal demuerte en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2. El objetivo principal es evaluar y comparar prospectivamente la pérdida de peso en pacientes condiabetes mellitus 2 tratados por primera vez con los diferentes análogosde la GLP-1. Como variables secundarias se estudiará reducción de lahemoglobina glicosilada, cambios en calidad de vida y actividad física yla seguridad de estos fármacos.Método: Se trata de un estudio postautorización, multicéntrico, no aleatorizado de seguimiento prospectivo. Se reclutarán 360 pacientes queinicien tratamiento por primera vez con análogos de la GLP1 en 10 centros del sistema público durante un período de 6 meses y un seguimientode 44 semanas. La variable principal será la pérdida de peso con los diferentes análogos de la GLP1 y como variable secundaria se valorarán:reducción de hemoglobina glicosilada, cambios en la calidad de vida yactividad física a través del EuroQol-5D y SF-12 y seguridad. Se ha estimado un período de reclutamiento de 6 meses, desde el 1 de Diciembre2021 al 1 de Mayo 2022. El seguimiento finalizará en Diciembre de 2022.Discusión: El estudio intentará aportar información sobre la efectividaden pérdida de peso, cambios en calidad de vida, actividad física y seguridad de los análogos de la GLP1 en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2que inician tratamiento con estos fármacos en la vida real. Este trabajopretende comparar los diferentes análogos de la GLP1 en términos deeficacia y seguridad para una posterior mejor elección en la prescripciónde estos fármacos en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 y obesidad. (AU)
Objective: The cardiovascular disease is the first cause of deaths inpatients with diabetes mellitus 2. The objective is to evaluate and comparethe weight loss in patients with diabetes treated with the different GLP-1receptor agonists for the first time. Secondary endpoints are glycosylatedhemoglobin reduction, changes in quality of life and physical activity andthe safety of these drugs.Method: It is a postauthorization, multicenter, non-randomized and prospective study. 360 Patients that will start treatment for the first time withGLP-1 receptor agonists will be recruited in 10 centers in the NationalHealth System for a period of 6 months and 44 weeks of follow-up. Theprimary endpoint will be weight loss achieved with the different GLP-1receptor agonists and the secondary endpoint will be glycosylated hemoglobin reduction, changes in the quality of life through the EuroQol-5Dand changes physical activity through the SF-12 questionnaire, and alsothe safety of these drugs. The estimate recruitment period will be 6 months,from 1 December 2021 to 1 May 2022. The follow up will finish in December 2022.Discussion: The SEVERAL study will try to provide information aboutweight loss efficacy, changes in quality of life, physical activity and safetyof the GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with diabetes that start treatmentwith these drugs in the real life. This study try to compare different GLP-1receptor agonists in terms of effectiveness and safety for a better posteriorelection when these drugs are used in patients with diabetes mellitus 2and obesity. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Pérdida de Peso , Obesidad , Farmacia , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Differences in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments have been described as a valuable tool to distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals. We aim to investigate the concentration and integrity of cfDNA fragments in saliva from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and healthy individuals in order to explore their value as diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from a total of 34 subjects (19 OSCC patients and 15 healthy controls). The total concentration of salivary cfDNA (scfDNA) was determined using a fluorometry method and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To evaluate the scfDNA quantity and integrity, qPCR targeting Arthobacter luteus (ALU) sequences at three amplicons of different lengths (60, 115, and 247 bp, respectively) was carried out. ScfDNA integrity indexes (ALU115/ALU60 and ALU247/ALU60) were calculated as the ratio between the absolute concentration of the longer amplicons 115 bp and 247 bp and the total scfDNA amount (amplicon 60 bp). RESULTS: The total scfDNA concentration (ALU60) was higher in OSCC than in healthy donors, but this trend was not statistically significant. The medians of scfDNA integrity indexes, ALU115/ALU60 and ALU247/ALU60, were significantly higher in OSCC, showing area under the curve values of 0.8211 and 0.7018, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest that scfDNA integrity indexes (ALU115/ALU60 and ALU247/ALU60) have potential as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for OSCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células , Neoplasias de la Boca , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , SalivaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis is unknown. We examine the cellular origin of plasma microvesicles (MVs), a type of ectocytosis-derived EV, the presence of mitochondria in MVs, and their relationship to circulating cell-free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (ccf-mtDNA) in HIV-infected patients and controls. METHODS: Five participant groups were defined: 30 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive; 30 ART-treated with nondetectable viremia; 30 elite controllers; 30 viremic controllers; and 30 HIV-uninfected controls. Microvesicles were quantified and characterized from plasma samples by flow cytometry. MitoTrackerDeepRed identified MVs containing mitochondria and ccf-mtDNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Microvesicle numbers were expanded at least 10-fold in all HIV-infected groups compared with controls. More than 79% were platelet-derived MVs. Proportions of MVs containing mitochondria (22.3% vs 41.6%) and MV mitochondrial density (706 vs 1346) were significantly lower among HIV-infected subjects than controls, lowest levels for those on ART. Microvesicle numbers correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels that were higher among HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: A massive release of platelet-derived MVs occurs during HIV infection. Some MVs contain mitochondria, but their proportion and mitochondrial densities were lower in HIV infection than in controls. Platelet-derived MVs may be biomarkers of platelet activation, possibly reflecting pathogenesis even in absence of HIV replication.