Sternomanubrial reduction with plating for fully displaced sternal fracture: A systematic review.

Sternal fractures are commonly due to blunt force trauma and reduction is an invasive surgical procedure typically indicated for refractory pain sternal instability. There were various modalities used for treatment and fixation of the sternal fractures. Sternal displacement fractures are traumatic injuries that may require surgical correction.

A rare case report of pancreatic low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS).

BACKGROUND: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is an uncommon neoplasm generally affecting muscle tissue. It presents rarely in abdominal viscera and even more rarely occurs in the pancreas. All types of pancreatic sarcomas are uncommon, and LGFMS is a rarer still. We present the case of an LGFMS in the pancreas. Because of its rarity, there are no guidelines for appropriate treatment or summations of the natural course of this illness. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 49-year-old female who presented with epigastric pain. She had a prior history of three episodes of acute pancreatitis many years earlier. A CT revealed a pancreatic body mass, which was biopsied. Pathology returned LGFMS. The patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. She did well after the case and did not require further intervention. CONCLUSION: Though it is exceedingly rare, cases of pancreatic LGFMS should be reported in order to guide clinical decisions. LGFMS has been shown to have high malignant potential in other tissues, and there is no reason to think pancreatic masses will be different. By building a body of evidence about these rare tumors, patient care will benefit.

Pulmonary valve infective endocarditis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus.

Infective endocarditis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus is an uncommon event that, when it does occur, usually requires surgical valve replacement. The pulmonary valve is the least common heart valve involved in infective endocarditis. We present a rare case of isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis with Mycobacterium abscessus in a patient with recurrent sternal infections following repeated coronary artery bypass.

Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple: A case series and systematic review.

Key Clinical Message: SAN should be considered in the setting of nipple discharge or morphology changes with typical histological findings. There are limited published cases of SAN, and workup of this pathology is still not clear to date. Abstract: Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple (SAN) is known to be a rare benign breast neoplasm. With a few cases documented in the literature, preoperatively diagnosing this tumor is a challenge, which often leads to invasive procedure such as mass excision with nipple removal. This study was aimed at presenting a case report of SAN and to conduct a review of published cases. Literature search was conducted through PubMed databases. Articles published from year 1983 to March of 2022 were included. Only histologically confirmed cases of SAN were included. The review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-eight cases, including the newly reported case, were included in the review after going through inclusion criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 44 ± 16 years. 7% were male. The most common presentation was palpable mass. Preoperative biopsy was done for 9 cases, out of which 7 did not indicate typical histopathological characteristic of SAN. Most common treatment was wide local excision with nipple removal. Immunohistochemical staining of the resected tumor was performed in 16 cases postoperatively. 32.1% (9/28) utilized p63 in constellation with histologic findings. Five cases that utilized staining also used Estrogen Receptor (ER) marker, while three used progesterone receptor (PR) marker. SAN should be considered in the setting of nipple discharge or morphology changes with typical histological findings. There are limited published cases of SAN, and workup of this pathology is still not clear to date. The case presented here and our comprehensive literature review suggest that pathohistological findings of SAN can be heterogeneous. Clinicians would also benefit from recognizing these variances. Further research and reported cases are needed to confidently diagnose SAN, which may open doors for less aggressive surgical treatment or surveillance option for asymptomatic patients.

Understanding esophageal neurofibroma: A case series and systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Esophageal neurofibroma is a rare benign esophageal neoplasm. With very few cases documented in the literature, not much is known about the demographics and clinicopathologic features of this tumor. This study was aimed at presenting a case report of an esophageal neurofibroma, and to conduct a systematic review of published cases. METHOD: This review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was conducted through PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Databases from inception until May 2020 for all histologically confirmed cases of esophageal neurofibroma. RESULTS: 28 cases, including the newly reported case, were included in the review. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.3 years ±12.1. 53.6% were male. Dysphagia was the most common presenting symptom (53.6%). Most of the reported cases involved the upper esophagus (39.3%). The most utilized diagnostic test was esophagogastroduodenoscopy (57.1%). The mean tumor size was 6.1 cm ± 5.1. Preoperative biopsy was done for 9 cases, out of which seven were negative or inconclusive. In 17 cases (60.7%), immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the resected tumor was not performed. S100 was the most utilized IHC stain. Enucleation (39.3%) was the most common treatment, followed by esophagectomy (28.6%). CONCLUSION: Esophageal neurofibroma should be considered in the setting of dysphagia caused by a subepithelial tumor. Accurate preoperative histologic diagnosis by using a well-defined biopsy algorithm, in conjunction with IHC analysis, will favor less aggressive surgical treatment and surveillance of asymptomatic lesions. Minimally invasive surgical treatment is feasible and should be considered when the expertise is available.