Education and Misinformation: Exploring Ophthalmology Content on TikTok.

INTRODUCTION: With the continuous rise of social media usage, more patients are looking online for health-related information. TikTok is one of the fastest-growing video-based social media platforms, but the quality of its ophthalmologic content, at a comprehensive level, has not been previously analyzed. We aim to explore and characterize popular ophthalmology content on TikTok, including the presence of misinformation. METHODS: Between April 16 and May 22, 2023, 37 different ophthalmology-relevant hashtags were queried on TikTok, and the top 20 most-liked videos per hashtag were analyzed. The quality of educational videos was graded on understandability and actionability using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V). Trends in creator identity, content type, engagement metrics, misinformation presence, and TikTok verification status were also assessed. RESULTS: The 37 ophthalmology-related hashtags yielded 723 videos comprising 3.806 billion views. A minority of videos were created by ophthalmologists (16.9%) and eyecare providers (35.1%), while the majority were created by non-healthcare providers (55.0%). The most common types of videos identified were primarily related to personal experiences (35.8%) and education (38.0%). Amongst educational videos, mean PEMAT-A/V understandability and actionability scores were 88.1% and 50.6%, respectively. Misinformation was found in 5.4% of all videos, comprising 4.8% of all likes, 4.7% of all comments, and 11.7% of all bookmarks. Its presence was significantly correlated with content created by non-healthcare providers (p < 0.001) and received a disproportionately higher percentage of bookmarks. CONCLUSIONS: This was the largest, most comprehensive evaluation of ophthalmologic content on TikTok. A significant portion of popular ophthalmologic content on TikTok is created by non-eyecare providers and contains misinformation. Our findings confirm the need for ophthalmologists to create more engaging, actionable, and factual educational content to combat misinformation adoption.

Depression During the Postpartum Period and Impacts on Parent-Child Relationships: A Narrative Review.

Although controversy exists around labels for postpartum depression (PPD), focusing efforts on terms distracts the research community from better understanding the impact of depression on parent-infant relationships. The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review of research related to how depression experienced in the postpartum period impacts parent-infant relationships. Our review indicates that PPD is pervasive, symptoms often appear during pregnancy, and it has the potential to negatively impact parent-infant relationships. Based on the recent review of literature, intervention efforts should focus on identification and treatment of PPD as early as possible to mitigate detrimental long-term impacts on parent-child relationships.

The relationship between children's food allergies and family mealtimes: A systematic review.

Food allergy prevalence is increasing among children; however, it is not clear how children's food allergy status impacts family mealtimes. This study's purpose was to systematically synthesize research regarding the relationship between children's food allergies, parental meal-centered stress, and family mealtime dynamics. Data sources for this study include peer-reviewed, English language sources from CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Five keyword categories (child, food allergies, meal preparation, stress, and family) were utilized to identify sources regarding how food allergies of children (from birth-12 years) relate to family mealtime dynamics or parental meal-centered stress. All 13 identified studies determined that pediatric food allergies relate to either increased parental stress, meal preparation issues, mealtime problems, or changes to family meals. Studies also indicate that meal preparation takes longer, requires more vigilance, and is more stressful due to children's food allergies. Limitations include that most studies were cross-sectional and based on maternal self-report. Children's food allergies are associated with parental meal-centered stress and mealtime issues. However, there is a need for research to account for specific changes to family mealtime dynamics and parent feeding behaviors so that pediatric health care professionals can alleviate parental meal-centered stress and provide guidance towards optimal feeding behaviors.

Heterochronic Parabiosis Causes Dacryoadenitis in Young Lacrimal Glands.

Aging is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in the lacrimal gland (LG). We investigated if heterochronic parabiosis of mice could modulate age-related LG alterations. In both males and females, there were significant increases in total immune infiltration in isochronic aged LGs compared to that in isochronic young LGs. Male heterochronic young LGs were significantly more infiltrated compared to male isochronic young LGs. While both females and males had significant increases in inflammatory and B-cell-related transcripts in isochronic and heterochronic aged LGs compared to levels isochronic and heterochronic young LGs, females had a greater fold expression of some of these transcripts than males. Through flow cytometry, specific subsets of B cells were increased in the male heterochronic aged LGs compared to those in male isochronic aged LGs. Our results indicate that serum soluble factors from young mice were not enough to reverse inflammation and infiltrating immune cells in aged tissues and that there were specific sex-related differences in parabiosis treatment. This suggests that age-related changes in the LG microenvironment/architecture participate in perpetuating inflammation, which is not reversible by exposure to youthful systemic factors. In contrast, male young heterochronic LGs were significantly worse than their isochronic counterparts, suggesting that aged soluble factors can enhance inflammation in the young host. Therapies that aim at improving cellular health may have a stronger impact on improving inflammation and cellular inflammation in LGs than parabiosis.

The relationship between COVID-related parenting stress, nonresponsive feeding behaviors, and parent mental health.

COVID-19 has disrupted the lives of families across the United States and all over the world. Stress is known to have a negative impact on parent-child feeding interactions; hence, the purpose of this study is to examine how COVID-related parenting stress, which was measured using a newly developed scale, is related to parent mental health, nonresponsive feeding, and children's self-regulation of eating. 119 parents of children ages 2-7 years old filled out questions about COVID-related parenting stress, mental health, nonresponsive feeding behaviors, and children's self-regulation of eating. A series of multiple regressions were run to predict parent anxiety and psychological distress from COVID-related parenting stress. COVID-related parenting stress was found to be a significant predictor of both parent anxiety and psychological distress. When COVID-related parenting stress was further broken down into COVID-Related Job/Financial Security Stress and COVID-Related Family Safety/Stability Stress, COVID-Related Job/Financial Security Stress predicted psychological distress while COVID-Related Family Safety/Stability Stress predicted parent anxiety. Moderation analyses were also run to test the difference across the parents of children under 5 years of age and those of children who were 5 years of age and older regarding the association of COVID-related parenting stress and either parent anxiety or psychological distress. There was no significant difference across age. Lastly, COVID-related parenting stress and nonresponsive feeding practices were simultaneously entered into a multiple regression to predict children's self-regulation of eating, and COVID-related parenting stress and parent distrust in appetite were both found to decrease children's ability to self-regulate energy intake. Based on findings from this study, researchers interested in improving children's self-regulation of eating and long-term health outcomes should continue to target the reduction of nonresponsive parent feeding behaviors, but they should also aim to look beyond specific parent feeding behaviors by attempting to help parents manage stressors in their lives. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02333-y.

Mental health matters: Parent mental health and children's emotional eating.

Parents' symptoms of anxiety and depression are associated with their increased likelihood of using nonresponsive feeding practices and with children's elevated obesity risk. These feeding practices, particularly persuasive-controlling feeding practices, have further been linked to children's emotional eating, including both emotional overeating and undereating. To help future research identify points of interventions to reduce children's maladaptive eating behaviors, the goal of this study was to determine whether persuasive-controlling feeding practices mediated the link between parent mental health and children's emotional eating. Feeding practices were measured by the FPSQ. Anxiety was measured by the GAD-7. Depression was measured by the CESD-R. Emotional eating was measured by the CEBQ. Survey data were collected from 259 U.S. parents of preschool children as a part of a larger study. Results from structural equation modeling showed that nonresponsive feeding behaviors mediated the relationship between parent mental health and children's emotional eating. Future longitudinal studies and clinical trials should examine whether and how persuasive-controlling feeding practices explain the link between parents' mental health and children's maladaptive eating behaviors, including emotional eating.