Underperformance of clinical risk scores in identifying imaging-based high cardiovascular risk in psoriasis: results from two observational cohorts.

AIMS: We aimed to evaluate whether traditional risk scores [short-term, 'psoriasis-modified' (multiplied by 1.5) and lifetime] were able to capture high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as defined by the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary, femoral, or carotid arteries in psoriasis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used two prospectives obseravational cohorts. European cohort: femoral and carotid atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated by ultrasound in 73 psoriasis patients. Lifetime CVD risk (LTCVR) was evaluated with QRISK-LT; short-term CVD risk was evaluated with SCORE and psoriasis-modified SCORE. American cohort: 165 patients underwent coronary computed tomography angiography to assess presence of coronary plaques. LTCVR was evaluated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD-LT) lifetime; short-term CVD risk was evaluated with ASCVD and psoriasis-modified ASCVD. European cohort: subclinical atherosclerosis was present in 51% of patients. QRISK-LT identified 64% of patients with atherosclerosis missing a high proportion (35%) with atheroma plaque (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with atherosclerosis identified by QRISK-LT was significantly higher than those detected by SCORE (0%) and modified SCORE (10%). American cohort: subclinical atherosclerosis was present in 54% of patients. ASCVD-LT captured 54% of patients with coronary plaques missing a high proportion (46%) with coronary plaque (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with atheroma plaques detected with ASCVD and modified ASCVD were only 20% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Application of lifetime, short-term and 'psoriasis-modified' risk scores did not accurately capture psoriasis patients at high CVD risk.

Subclinical Liver Disease Is Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Psoriasis: Results from Two Observational Studies.

Psoriasis is associated with a higher risk of liver diseases. We investigated the impact of hepatic steatosis (European cohort) and hepatic inflammation (United States cohort) on subclinical atherosclerosis. In the European cohort (n = 76 psoriasis participants and 76 controls), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, assessed by the sonographic hepatorenal index, was more prevalent in psoriasis than in controls (61% vs. 45%; P = 0.04). Participants with psoriasis with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease had a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis (ultrasonographic presence of plaque in femoral or carotid arteries) than participants with psoriasis without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (61% vs. 23%; P = 0.006) and controls with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (61% vs. 32%; P < 0.05). Sonographic hepatorenal index was a determinant of subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriasis (OR = 3.5; P = 0.01). In the United States cohort (n = 162 participants with psoriasis who underwent positron emission tomography and coronary computed tomography angiography), those with high hepatic 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake had higher noncalcified (1.3 [0.49 mm2] vs. 1.0 [0.40 mm2]), fibrofatty (0.23 [0.15 mm2] vs. 0.11 [0.087 mm2]), and lipid-rich necrotic core (4.3 [2.3 mm2] vs. 3.0 [1.7 mm2]) coronary burden (all P < 0.001). Hepatic 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake associated with noncalcified (ß = 0.28; P < 0.001), fibrofatty (ß = 0.49; P < 0.001), and lipid-rich necrotic core (ß = 0.28; P = 0.003) burden. These results show the downstream cardiovascular effects of subclinical liver disease in psoriasis.

Dermatitis alérgica de contacto por tatuajes temporales de henna negra / Allergic contact dermatitis for temporary black henna tattoos

Cada vez es más frecuente la realización de seudotatuajes de henna de color negro en la población pediátrica y la incidencia de efectos adversos se incrementa significativamente. La henna negra no existe de forma natural; se obtiene a partir de la henna original por añadido de otros compuestos, entre ellos, la parafenilendiamina (PPD), que oscurece y facilita mayor precisión en el dibujo del tatuaje. La PPD posee un gran poder sensibilizante y es un conocido inductor de dermatitis alérgicas de contacto. Puede ocasionar reacciones locales persistentes, secuelas por hiperpigmentación/hipopigmentación, así como futuros problemas debido a que se encuentra presente en múltiples productos de la vida cotidiana. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 11 años con dermatitis alérgica de contacto a tatuaje de henna negra con pruebas epicutáneas positivas para PPD, para alertar sobre el riesgo de estetipo de seudotatuajes.

Temporary ‘black henna’ tattoos, an increasingly popular body decoration in pediatric population, are associated witha growing incidence of adverse events. Black henna does not exist naturally, it is obtained from original henna after the addition of other compounds, among them paraphenilendiamine (PPD), which serves to darken the tattoo and allows greater precision to the design. PPD is known to be a strong sensitizerand increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis. They may present as long lasting local reactions, and pigmentarysequels apart from problems with the future use of many products present in the daily life, as a result of sensitization by PPD. We report the case of an eleven-year old girl with an allergiccontact dermatitis to black henna tattoo with a positive patch test to PPD, in order to warn against these types of temporary tattoos.

Dermatitis alérgica de contacto por tatuajes temporales de henna negra / Allergic contact dermatitis for temporary black henna tattoos

Cada vez es más frecuente la realización de seudotatuajes de henna de color negro en la población pediátrica y la incidencia de efectos adversos se incrementa significativamente. La henna negra no existe de forma natural; se obtiene a partir de la henna original por añadido de otros compuestos, entre ellos, la parafenilendiamina (PPD), que oscurece y facilita mayor precisión en el dibujo del tatuaje. La PPD posee un gran poder sensibilizante y es un conocido inductor de dermatitis alérgicas de contacto. Puede ocasionar reacciones locales persistentes, secuelas por hiperpigmentación/hipopigmentación, así como futuros problemas debido a que se encuentra presente en múltiples productos de la vida cotidiana. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 11 años con dermatitis alérgica de contacto a tatuaje de henna negra con pruebas epicutáneas positivas para PPD, para alertar sobre el riesgo de estetipo de seudotatuajes.(AU)

Temporary black henna tattoos, an increasingly popular body decoration in pediatric population, are associated witha growing incidence of adverse events. Black henna does not exist naturally, it is obtained from original henna after the addition of other compounds, among them paraphenilendiamine (PPD), which serves to darken the tattoo and allows greater precision to the design. PPD is known to be a strong sensitizerand increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis. They may present as long lasting local reactions, and pigmentarysequels apart from problems with the future use of many products present in the daily life, as a result of sensitization by PPD. We report the case of an eleven-year old girl with an allergiccontact dermatitis to black henna tattoo with a positive patch test to PPD, in order to warn against these types of temporary tattoos.(AU)

[Allergic contact dermatitis for temporary "black henna" tattoos]. / Dermatitis alérgica de contacto por tatuajes temporales de "henna negra"

Temporary 'black henna' tattoos, an increasingly popular body decoration in pediatric population, are associated with a growing incidence of adverse events. Black henna does not exist naturally, it is obtained from original henna after the addition of other compounds, among them paraphenilendiamine (PPD), which serves to darken the tattoo and allows greater precision to the design. PPD is known to be a strong sensitizer and increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis. They may present as long lasting local reactions, and pigmentary sequels apart from problems with the future use of many products present in the daily life, as a result of sensitization by PPD. We report the case of an eleven-year old girl with an allergic contact dermatitis to black henna tattoo with a positive patch test to PPD, in order to warn against these types of temporary tattoos.