Back Pain in Adolescents and Young Adults with Idiopathic Scoliosis-Identifying Factors Associated with Significant Pain-A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis.

(1) Background: Previous data show that patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) can be classified into two groups according to pain intensity. This paper aims to determine which factors can independently predict the likelihood of belonging to a high-level pain group. (2) Methods: The study used a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional design. Two-hundred and seventy-two patients with IS (mean age 18.1 years) (females 83.5%) were included. The sample was divided into two groups. The PAIN group comprised 101 patients (37.1%) with an average NRS of 5.3. The NO-PAIN group consisted of 171 patients (62.9%) with an average NRS of 1.1. Data on various factors such as comorbidities, family history, curve magnitude, type of treatment, absenteeism, anxiety, depression, kinesiophobia, family environment, and social relationships were collected. Statistical analysis consisted of multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of high-level pain. (3) Results: In the final model, including modifiable and non-modifiable predictors, age (OR 1.07 (1.02-1.11)); Absenteeism (OR 3.87 (1.52-9.87)), HAD anxiety (OR 1.18 (1.09-1.29)) and an indication for surgery (OR 2.87 (1.28-6.43)) were associated with an increased risk of pain. The overall model is significant at p = 0.0001 level and correctly predicts 72.6% of the responses. (4) Conclusions: Age, an indication for surgery, anxiety, and work/school absenteeism are the variables that independently determine the risk of belonging to the high-level pain group (NRS > 3).

International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey: Socioeconomic and Healthcare Satisfaction in Spain.

STUDY DESIGN: Survey study. OBJECTIVES: People living with spinal cord injury (SCI) are major healthcare and rehabilitation services consumers and have unmet healthcare needs. This study aimed to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of people living with SCI in Spain and to determine the level of use and satisfaction with the public healthcare system. METHODS: We conducted a survey (the Spanish version of the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey) consisting of 134 questions. We analyzed the age, sex, neurological classification of the injury on the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, time of injury, socio-occupational and socioeconomic status, and level of use and satisfaction with the public health system. RESULTS: 472 people responded to the survey [68.9% male; mean age 51.2 years (standard deviation: 13.9 years); 61.7% with paraplegia and 38.3% with tetraplegia]. 89.2% of those surveyed were unemployed and 77.1% received a disability pension. The number of medical visits was 2.3/year, and 19.8% of the patients required at least 1 hospital admission during the previous year. 94.7% of the people with SCI considered the health care received as good or very good. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents with SCI in Spain considered they had good access to primary and specialized care and were satisfied with the healthcare system. Notably, we observed a high average of annual visits to medical professionals but a low rate of hospitalizations. Technical aids and state services related to disability should be the most important elements to be improved.

Cross-cultural validation of the Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life questionnaire: the ISYQOL international.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and its treatments can severely impact health-related quality of life. The Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life (ISYQOL) questionnaire, initially developed in Italian and tested on Italian people, was created to measure quality of life in young persons with spine changes. ISYQOL was created using the Rasch analysis, a modern psychometric technique for questionnaires' assessment and development, which showed that the ordinal scores of the ISYQOL Italian version provide sound quality of life measures. AIM: The current work aims to evaluate the cross-cultural equivalence of the ISYQOL questionnaire in seven different countries. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, international, multi-centre study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. POPULATION: Five hundred fifty persons with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis from English Canada, French Canada, Greece, Italy, Spain, Poland, and Türkiye. METHODS: The ISYQOL Italian version was translated into six languages with the forward-backwards procedure. The conceptual equivalence of the items' content was verified, and any inconsistency was resolved by consensus. The Rasch analysis was used here to evaluate that ISYQOL translations retained the good measurement properties of the Italian version of the questionnaire. In addition, the Differential Item Functioning (DIF) was checked to assess the psychometric equivalence of the ISYQOL items in patients from different countries. RESULTS: Four items of the translated ISYQOL were dropped from the questionnaire since they did not contribute to measuring due to their poor fit to the model of Rasch. Seven items were affected by DIF for nationality, a finding pointing out that these items do not work the same (i.e. are not equivalent) in the different countries. Thanks to the Rasch analysis, the DIF for nationality was amended, and ISYQOL International was eventually obtained. CONCLUSIONS: ISYQOL International returns interval quality of life measures in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with high cross-cultural equivalence in the tested countries. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Rigorous testing showed that ISYQOL International ordinal scores return quality of life measures cross-culturally equivalent in English and French Canada, Greece, Italy, Spain, Poland, and Türkiye. A new, psychometrically sound patient-reported outcome measure is thus available in rehabilitation medicine to measure health-related quality of life in idiopathic scoliosis.

How back pain intensity relates to clinical and psychosocial factors in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE: A pain intensity of 3 can reliably distinguish idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients with acceptable pain or not. This research aims to analyze psychosocial, family and quality of life differences in patients according to their pain status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with IS, without previous surgery, Cobb ≥ 30° and age (12-40) were included in the study. They completed the questionnaires Numerical Rate Scale (NRS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)-11, SRS22r, Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale (HADS), COMI item 7 (work/school absenteeism) and family APGAR. Comorbidities and family health history were collected. Analysis of covariance was performed to compare means between the PAIN (NRS > 3), (NRS < = 3) groups controlling for the effect of age and the magnitude of the curve. RESULTS: In total, 272 patients were included. 37.1% belonged to the PAIN group (PG). The PG showed a significantly higher Cobb grade and age than the NO-PAIN group. After controlling for these variables, the PG had worse pain, mental health and SRS22-subtotal values. However, they did not differ in function or self-image. PG showed higher levels of kinesiophobia, anxiety, depression, absenteeism from work/school and impact on social/family environment. PG patients reported a higher prevalence of comorbidities and family history of nonspecific spinal pain. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IS and unacceptable pain constitute a group with a different incidence of psychological, social, family and comorbidities factors than those with acceptable pain. In contrast, the severity of IS was not substantially different between the groups. This profile is similar to that observed in patients with nonspecific spinal pain.

Validez predictiva de la capacidad funcional del cuestionario CUPAX en pacientes ancianos afectos de fractura de cadera / Predictive validity of the functional capacity of the CUPAX questionnaire in older adults with hip fracture

Antecedentes y objetivoLa fractura osteoporótica de cadera es una enfermedad relevante por su prevalencia e impacto social y sanitario. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la validez predictiva del cuestionario CUPAX sobre la mortalidad, el lugar de residencia y la funcionalidad posfractura.Materiales y métodosEstudio observacional prospectivo. Se incluyeron 206 pacientes mayores de 65 años ingresados tras una fractura de cadera. Se recogió la puntuación del cuestionario CUPAX prefractura y al año, y el lugar de residencia y la supervivencia al alta hospitalaria y a los 6 y 12 meses. El análisis estadístico se ha realizado con los programas SAS® 9.4 y Stata® 13.1.ResultadosLa edad mediana de la muestra fue 87 años (80,1% mujeres). La tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y al año fue del 5,8% y 19,1%, respectivamente. La mayoría de los pacientes procedían de su domicilio (71,4%), y el destino al alta más frecuente fue un centro sociosanitario (48,2%). El porcentaje de retención del nivel funcional previo en el total de la muestra fue del 50%, siendo mayor en los pacientes más jóvenes. El área bajo la curva ROC para la mortalidad al año fue 0,697 (IC 95%: 0,626-0,760) y para el destino al alta de los pacientes procedentes del domicilio 0,659 (IC 95%: 0,576-0,741). La valoración de la retención funcional al año permite identificar 3 grupos de pacientes en función del valor del CUPAX prefractura.ConclusionesEstos hallazgos apoyan la utilidad clínica del cuestionario CUPAX como herramienta funcional predictiva en pacientes ancianos afectos de fractura de cadera.

Predictive validity of the functional capacity of the CUPAX questionnaire in older adults with hip fracture. / Validez predictiva de la capacidad funcional del cuestionario CUPAX en pacientes ancianos afectos de fractura de cadera.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoporotic hip fracture is a relevant pathology due to its prevalence and social and health impact. The aim of this study is to explore the predictive validity of the CUPAX questionnaire on mortality, place of residence and post-fracture functionality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study. Two hundred and six patients older than 65 years were included, admitted after a hip fracture. The CUPAX questionnaire score was collected before fracture and one year later, and the place of residence and survival at hospital discharge, and after 6 and 12 months. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SAS® 9.4 and Stata® 13.1 programmes. RESULTS: The median age of the sample was 87.0 years (80.1% women). The in-hospital and one-year mortality rate were 5.8% and 19.1%, respectively. Most of the patients were admitted from home (71.4%), and the most frequent discharge destination was a social health centre (48.2%). The percentage of retention of previous functional level in the total sample was 50%, being higher in the younger patients. The area under the curve ROC for mortality one year later was .697 (95% CI .626-.760) and .659 (95% CI .576-.741) for the discharge destination of patients admitted from home. Evaluation of functional retention one year after the fracture, identified three groups of patients based on the pre-fracture CUPAX value. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the clinical utility of the CUPAX questionnaire as a predictive functional tool in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Validity of a one-item drawing-based instrument to assess trunk deformity perception in kyphotic deformities.

INTRODUCTION: Body image and trunk appearance perception are two crucial attributes in determining the quality of life of individuals with spinal deformities. The Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS) is a drawing-based instrument used to evaluate this feature. The TAPS does not include a sagittal view of the trunk so it is never been used to assess trunk deformity perception in hyperkyphotic patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of introducing a new drawing on the TAPS scale representing the trunk view in the sagittal plane. PATIENTS: 170 non-surgical patients were included (mean age 16.9 years and 77.4% women) distributed in three groups. CONTROL group (no deformity): 22 cases; KYPHOSIS group (sagittal deformity): 49 cases and SCOLIOSIS group (coronal deformity): 99 cases (mean Cobb 42.4º). METHOD: Cross-sectional study. A new drawing (TAPS4) was designed to represent the deformity in the sagittal plane with five response options. Clinical (SRS-22 and TAPS 4-items) and radiological (kyphosis T4-T12) data were collected in all patients. The statistical analysis consisted in determining for each group the internal consistency of the 3-items TAPS vs 4-items TAPS, as well as the discriminant validity (correlation with kyphosis magnitude) and convergent validity (correlation with the SRS-22 image subscale). In addition, test-retest reliability of new item 4 was determined in a subgroup of 30 kyphotic patients. During control visit, the patients received a complete physical examination and a full-spine AP and lateral X-ray in standing position using a low-radiation technique and fulfilled instruments TAPS 4 items and SRS-22r. RESULTS: The three groups were found to have statistically significant differences in the magnitude of kyphosis, quality of life, body image perception, the 3-items TAPS, 4-items TAPS and new item 4 score. The addition of the item 4 to TAPS 3 items did not cause a significant change in the internal consistency of the scales (Cronbach's alpha) (TAPS 3-items 0.8 vs. TAPS 4-items 0.8). Kyphosis magnitude was not correlated with the 3-items TAPS and 4-items TAPS scores; however, in the KYPHOSIS group, a significant negative correlation was observed between kyphosis and item 4 (Rho = - 0.4, p = 0.0001). A significant correlation was found in all groups between TAPS 3-items and TAPS 4-items and SRS-22 image domain; the correlation between item 4 and SRS-22 body image domain was 0.3 in the Scoliosis group and 0.7 in the Kyphosis group. CONCLUSIONS: The 4-items TAPS scale does not provide advantages in the assessment of trunk deformity over the 3-items scale. However, in patients with kyphosis, the item 4 (Kypho-TAPS) alone is a valid and reliable instrument to monitor the perception of the trunk deformity.

Cuestionario CUPAX: desarrollo y validación de una nueva escala para la valoración del nivel funcional de pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura de cadera / The CUPAX questionnaire: Development and validation of a new scale for assessment of the functional level of elderly patients with a hip fracture

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: Las fracturas de cadera en pacientes ancianos tienen una elevada frecuencia y morbimortalidad. No disponemos de instrumentos validados en castellano que puedan valorar fielmente la capacidad funcional previa a la fractura. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y validar el cuestionario CUPAX en pacientes ancianos con fractura de cadera. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de validación observacional y prospectivo. Se incluyó a 215 pacientes mayores de 65 años, que ingresaron en nuestro centro tras sufrir una fractura de cadera. Se evaluaron mediante el cuestionario CUPAX, índice de Barthel y score de Parker. Se realizó el estudio estadístico para valorar la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario. RESULTADOS: La edad mediana de la muestra fue 84 años (75,3% mujeres). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaban fractura de localización extracapsular, eran previamente deambulantes y sufrían la caída en su domicilio. El estudio estadístico sobre la validez y la fiabilidad del cuestionario obtuvo los siguientes resultados. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach mostró una excelente consistencia interna (valor de 0,94). El análisis factorial mostró 3 factores subyacentes. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) interobservador fue 0,82 (IC del 95%: 0,75-0,87) y el CCI intraobservador fue 0,96 (IC del 95%: 0,95-0,97). La correlación con otras escalas funcionales fue valorada mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman: 0,83 con el índice de Barthel y 0,81 con el score de Parker. CONCLUSIONES: Estos hallazgos apoyan la validez del cuestionario CUPAX como herramienta de valoración del nivel funcional previo en pacientes ancianos afectados de fractura de cadera

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hip fractures in elderly patients are very frequent and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. We do not have validated instruments in Spanish that can faithfully assess functional capacity prior to fracture. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the CUPAX questionnaire in elderly patients with a hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective and observational validation study. We included 215 patients older than 65 years, who were admitted to our centre after suffering a hip fracture. They were evaluated using the CUPAX questionnaire, Barthel Index and Parker Score. The statistical study was performed to corroborate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The median age of the patient population was 84.0 years (75.3% women). The majority were patients who had suffered an extracapsular fracture; they had walking capacity and suffered a fall in their place of residence. The statistical analysis on the validity and reliability of the questionnaire obtained the following results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed excellent internal consistency (value of .94). Factor analysis showed 3 underlying factors. The interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was .82 (95% CI:.75-.87), and the intraobserver ICC was .96 (95% CI:.95-.97). Correlation with other functional scales was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, which was .83 with the Barthel Index and .81 with the Parker score. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the validity of the CUPAX questionnaire as a tool to measure the previous functional level in elderly patients affected by a hip fracture

The CUPAX questionnaire: Development and validation of a new scale for assessment of the functional level of elderly patients with a hip fracture. / Cuestionario CUPAX: desarrollo y validación de una nueva escala para la valoración del nivel funcional de pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura de cadera.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hip fractures in elderly patients are very frequent and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. We do not have validated instruments in Spanish that can faithfully assess functional capacity prior to fracture. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the CUPAX questionnaire in elderly patients with a hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective and observational validation study. We included 215 patients older than 65 years, who were admitted to our centre after suffering a hip fracture. They were evaluated using the CUPAX questionnaire, Barthel Index and Parker Score. The statistical study was performed to corroborate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The median age of the patient population was 84.0 years (75.3% women). The majority were patients who had suffered an extracapsular fracture; they had walking capacity and suffered a fall in their place of residence. The statistical analysis on the validity and reliability of the questionnaire obtained the following results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed excellent internal consistency (value of .94). Factor analysis showed 3 underlying factors. The interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was .82 (95% CI:.75-.87), and the intraobserver ICC was .96 (95% CI:.95-.97). Correlation with other functional scales was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, which was .83 with the Barthel Index and .81 with the Parker score. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the validity of the CUPAX questionnaire as a tool to measure the previous functional level in elderly patients affected by a hip fracture.

Proximal medial gastrocnemius release: Muscle strength evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Contracture of the gastrocnemius has been associated with different foot and ankle pathologies. The present study's aim is to evaluate the effect of the proximal medial gastrocnemius release (PMGR) in triceps surae strength. METHODS: Prospective study with 14 patients (12 women; mean age 52 years). Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing PMGR due to forefoot and/or hindfoot injury with medial gastrocnemius contracture that has not improved with physical therapy. Isometric and isokinetic force evaluation tests with an isokinetic dynamometer (Con-Trex) were performed preoperatively, at 6 and 12 months postoperative, of both limbs. RESULTS: After isokinetic assessment, the statistically significant difference in the preoperative isometric strength of the triceps between the two ankles was confirmed, being stronger the asymptomatic limb. An improvement in the triceps strength in isokinetics was observed at 60°/s at 6 months after surgery (p=0.008), that was maintained after one year (p=0.05). No differences were observed at 120°/sec speed. CONCLUSION: Patients with gastrocnemius contracture present a decrease in isometric force with respect to the asymptomatic limb preoperatively. There is an improvement in isokinetic strength after 6 months postoperatively.

Efectividad de una intervención educativa multidisciplinar en pacientes con fractura de fémur: estudio SWEET HOME / Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary educational intervention in patients with hip fracture: SWEET HOME study

Antecedentes y objetivo: La fractura de fémur (FF) es una lesión frecuente en personas de edad avanzada. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa multidisciplinar en pacientes con FF para favorecer el regreso al domicilio y disminuir las complicaciones hospitalarias. Material y método: Estudio cuasiexperimental con medidas repetidas al ingreso, al alta, a los 30días y al año de seguimiento. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥65años con FF ingresados en la unidad de ortogeriatría entre febrero de 2016 y enero de 2017. La intervención educativa constó de dos actuaciones coordinadas: una educación sanitaria durante la hospitalización y un soporte multimodal durante la transición al domicilio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 67 pacientes (77,6% mujeres; edad 84,19±7,78 años). Regresaron al domicilio el 70,1%, doblando la cifra de los años 2014-2015. Hubo un 8,5% de reingresos a los 30días y al año. Al año, el nivel de dependencia fue cercano al nivel prefractura (Barthel: 86,67±19,31; 94,33±14,66), la movilidad mejoró respecto al alta (Parker: 4,73±1,84; 6,73±2,76; Timed Up and Go test: 38,29±21,27; 21,91±10,97) y el rendimiento cognitivo no empeoró de forma significativa. La percepción de pacientes, cuidadores y profesionales fue que la educación sanitaria mejoró la autonomía del paciente. La satisfacción con el proceso asistencial fue alta. Conclusiones: Este estudio aporta como novedad, a los beneficios ya descritos en los modelos asistenciales ortogeriátricos, el incremento del número de pacientes que regresan al domicilio en condiciones de seguridad

Background and objective: Hip fracture is a common injury among elderly patients. The main goal of our study was to assess the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary educational intervention aimed at hip fracture patients to promote home discharges and reduce in-hospital complications. Material and method: A quasi-experimental study was performed by taking repeated measurements at hospital admission, at hospital discharge, and at both 30days and one year of discharge. Patients aged ≥65years with hip fracture who were admitted to the Orthogeriatric Service between February 2016 and January 2017 were included in the study. The educational intervention consisted in two coordinated actions: patient education administered during their hospitalization and multimodal support provided during their discharge home. Results: A total of 67 patients were included in the study (77.6% of whom were women; 84.19±7,78 years old). Of these, 70.1% were discharged home, which doubles the figures recorded in the 2014-2015 period. The rate of readmission at 30days and one year of the discharge was 8.5%. At the one-year follow-up, the patient's dependence to perform basic activities of daily living was nearer to the pre-fracture level (Barthel: 86.67±19.31; 94.33±14.66), their mobility had improved in comparison with the time of discharge (Parker: 4.73±1.84; 6.73±2.76; Timed Up and Go Test: 38.29±21.27; 21.91±10.97), and their cognitive function had not worsened significantly. The patient education measures improved the patients' autonomy as perceived by the patients, the caregivers, and the healthcare providers. Satisfaction with the healthcare received was high. Conclusions: As a novelty to the already described benefits in orthogeriatric care models, this study would contribute by proving an increase of the number of patients discharged home in a safe condition

Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary educational intervention in patients with hip fracture: SWEET HOME study. / Efectividad de una intervención educativa multidisciplinar en pacientes con fractura de fémur: estudio SWEET HOME.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hip fracture is a common injury among elderly patients. The main goal of our study was to assess the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary educational intervention aimed at hip fracture patients to promote home discharges and reduce in-hospital complications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A quasi-experimental study was performed by taking repeated measurements at hospital admission, at hospital discharge, and at both 30days and one year of discharge. Patients aged ≥65years with hip fracture who were admitted to the Orthogeriatric Service between February 2016 and January 2017 were included in the study. The educational intervention consisted in two coordinated actions: patient education administered during their hospitalization and multimodal support provided during their discharge home. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were included in the study (77.6% of whom were women; 84.19±7,78 years old). Of these, 70.1% were discharged home, which doubles the figures recorded in the 2014-2015 period. The rate of readmission at 30days and one year of the discharge was 8.5%. At the one-year follow-up, the patient's dependence to perform basic activities of daily living was nearer to the pre-fracture level (Barthel: 86.67±19.31; 94.33±14.66), their mobility had improved in comparison with the time of discharge (Parker: 4.73±1.84; 6.73±2.76; Timed Up and Go Test: 38.29±21.27; 21.91±10.97), and their cognitive function had not worsened significantly. The patient education measures improved the patients' autonomy as perceived by the patients, the caregivers, and the healthcare providers. Satisfaction with the healthcare received was high. CONCLUSIONS: As a novelty to the already described benefits in orthogeriatric care models, this study would contribute by proving an increase of the number of patients discharged home in a safe condition.

Responsiveness of Image Perception Outcome Scales After Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Comparison Between the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS) and Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) Questionnaire.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of prospectively collected longitudinal data. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale's (TAPS's) responsiveness to surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis (IS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: TAPS is a drawing-based instrument to assess trunk deformity in IS. It shows appropriate metric properties, such as internal consistency and discriminant validity. However, no data on responsiveness to surgical treatment is available. METHODS: A total of 109 patients (85.3% females) with IS were included (mean age at surgery 18 years). In all the cases, surgery consisted of posterior spine fusion and instrumentation. The magnitude of the largest curve (MLC) was 63.8° before surgery and 26.3° (correction 58.3%) at a mean follow-up of 20.8 months. Internal and external responsiveness were analyzed on the basis of effect size (ES), standardized response mean (SRM), minimum detectable change (MDC), and correlation between percentage of MLC correction and outcome measure change. Data for TAPS were compared to those of SRS-22 Image domain. RESULTS: TAPS showed somewhat larger internal responsiveness (ES 1.96, SRM 1.73, 86.2% of patients exceeding MDC) than SRS-22 Image scale (ES 1.44, SRM 1.29, 73.4% of patients exceeding MDC). No correlation was found between the percentage of MLC correction and baseline to follow-up change in TAPS or SRS-22 Image scores. CONCLUSION: The TAPS instrument shows adequate responsiveness to surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis and is somewhat larger than SRS-22 Image domain data. The lack of correlation between radiologic correction and clinical improvement indicates that the two outcomes must be independently collected. These data on responsiveness complete the TAPS validation process. TAPS is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Introversion, the prevalent trait of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: A large number of studies about adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis focus on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, only a few articles aim at evaluating the personality of these patients. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to assess the personality traits of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and their relationship with HRQOL.Our hypothesis is that adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis present the principal personality trait of introversion, defined as self-reliance and inhibition in social relationships. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The examined group consisted of 43 patients (only 4 boys), mean age = 14.3 (SD = 2.23). On the day of the visit, HRQOL tools (Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire (SRS-22) and Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS)) and a personality test (16 Personality Factors-Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (16PF-APQ)) were completed; in addition, a posterior-anterior radiography was performed. Correlations among demographic and medical data and HRQOL and personality tests were assessed. RESULTS: Results for SRS-22 were as follows: Function 4.5 (SD = .4), Pain 4.3 (SD = .5), Self-image 3.6 (SD = .7), Mental Health 3.8. (SD = .7), and Subtotal 4.2 (SD = .7). Mean TAPS was 3.5 (SD = .6).In personality, the lowest values were assessed for Extroversion (M = 29.4, SD = 24.7) and Self-reliance (M = 71, SD = 25.3).Independence was negatively related to Self-image (r = -.51), Mental Health (r = -.54), and Subtotal SRS-22 (r = -.60) (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis presented a common style of personality, characterized by social inhibition (introversion), preference for staying alone, and being self-sufficient (self-reliance).Specific programs in promoting social abilities may help adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis in finding a way to express themselves and to become more sociable. Correlational studies between personality and HRQOL need to be performed to better understand these issues.

Trunk appearance perception scale for physicians (TAPS-Phy) - a valid and reliable tool to rate trunk deformity in idiopathic scoliosis.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of trunk deformity by physicians in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) has been considered an important part of clinical practice. Different methods to quantify the severity of trunk deformity by external observation have been reported. A valid tool to evaluate patients' perception of trunk deformity, the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS), is hereby validated for use by physicians (TAPS-Phy). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of patients with non-surgically treated IS. Patients were prospectively recruited. On the day of the visit, a posterior-anterior radiograph in standard position and clinical photographs in three different views (anterior, posterior and forward bending position) were obtained. Patients also completed a TAPS questionnaire (TAPS-Pat). Three different observers scored the TAPS questionnaire (TAPS-Phy), based on the digital photographs previously obtained, twice a week. The angle of trunk inclination (ATRI) was also measured on digital photographs. Inter and intra-rater reliability was calculated through weighted kappa coefficient. External validity was tested by the Spearman correlation coefficient between the TAPS-Phy score and the scoliosis magnitude determined using the magnitude of the largest curve (MLC), ATRI, and TAPS-Pat. RESULTS: Fifty two patients (46 women; mean age 16.6 years) were included. The average curve magnitude of the major curve was 44°. Mean scores of TAPS-Phy for the three evaluators ranged from 3.4 to 3.5. No differences between the three means were found. TAPS-Phy showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.84). Inter-observer reliability ranged from slight to substantial (0.14 to 0.63); intra-observer reliability ranged from 0.35 to 0.99. Correlation between TAPS-Phy and ATRI (r = -0.54 to -0.75), MLC (r = -0.47 to -0.6) and TAPS-Pat (r = 0.29 to 0.34) were statistically significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: TAPS-Phy is a valid and reliable scale to rate a physician's impression of the severity of the deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and can be useful in routine clinical records.

Increased infection risk after hip hemiarthroplasty in institutionalized patients with proximal femur fracture.

In patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) secondary to proximal femur fracture, acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most important complications. We have detected an increased risk of PJI in chronic institutionalized patients (CIPs), and a higher number of early postoperative infections are caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), not covered by the current prophylaxis (cefazolin in noninstitutionalized patients (NIPs) and cotrimoxazole in CIPs). We sought to compare infection characteristics between NIPs and CIPs, analyzing predisposing factors, causative pathogens, and antibiotic prophylaxis-related microbiological characteristics. We performed a retrospective review of our prospective institutional database to identify all patients consecutively admitted for HHA to treat proximal femur fracture at our centre between 2011 and 2013. PJI was diagnosed in 21 of 381 (5.51%) patients, with 10 of 105 (9.52%) in the CIP group and 11 of 276 (3.99%) in the NIP group, and statistical significance was achieved. GNB accounted for PJI in 14 (66.67%) patients. We detected a single case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in the NIP group. We confirm a higher risk of acute PJI among institutionalized patients, commonly caused by Gram-negative microorganisms, which are not covered by the current prophylaxis. New prophylactic strategies should be investigated in order to reduce this problem.

Does the lower instrumented vertebra have an effect on lumbar mobility, subjective perception of trunk flexibility, and quality of life in patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated by spinal fusion?

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated with spinal fusion. OBJECTIVES: To measure lumbar spine mobility in the study population; determine low back pain intensity (LBPi), subjective perception of trunk flexibility (TF), and quality of life using validated outcome instruments; and investigate correlations of the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) with TF, LBPi, and quality of life. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The loss of range of motion resulting from spinal fusion might lead to low back pain, trunk rigidity, and a negative impact on quality of life. Nonetheless, these outcomes have not been conclusively demonstrated because lumbar mobility and LIV have not been correlated with validated outcome instruments. METHODS: Forty-one patients (mean age, 27 y) with idiopathic scoliosis treated by spinal fusion (mean time since surgery, 135 mo) were included. Patients were assigned to 3 groups according to LIV level: group 1 (fusion to T12, L1, or L2) 14 patients; group 2 (fusion to L3) 13 patients, and group 3 (fusion to L4, L5, or S1) 14 patients. At midterm follow-up, patients completed the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 Questionnaire and Quality of Life Profile for Spine Deformities to evaluate perceived TF, and rated LBPi with a numerical scale. Lumbar mobility was assessed using a dual digital inclinometer. RESULTS: Group 3 (fusion to L4, L5, or S1) showed statistically significant differences relative to the other groups, with less lumbar mobility and poorer scores for the SRS subtotal (P = 0.003) and SRS pain scale (P = 0.01). Nevertheless, LBPi and TF were similar in the 3 groups. TF correlated with SRS-22 subtotal (r = -0.38, P = 0.01) and pain scale (r = -0.42, P = 0.007) scores, and with LBPi (r = 0.43, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: LIV correlated moderately with lumbar mobility, health-related quality of life (SRS-22), and spinal pain (SRS-22 pain subscale), but not with intensity of pain in the lumbar area or perceived TF.

Validación de la versión española del cuestionario King's Health para la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la incontinencia urinaria en pacientes con lesión medular / Validation of the Spanish version of the King's Health questionnaire for evaluating quality of life related to urinary incontinence in patients with spinal cord injury

Background and objective: To determine the validity of the Spanish version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) in patients with spinal cord injury. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study, including a total of 120 patients with spinal cord injury. The feasibility, cross-cultural validity, and internal consistency of the KHQ were evaluated. Results: The dimensions with the highest scores were: impact of urinary symptoms, personal relations, and physical limitations. The following groups presented a significantly poorer HRQoL: persons of advanced age in personal relations (P=0.042), women in limitations of daily life activities (P=0.009) and in the impact of urinary incontinence (P<0.01), paraplegic patients in personal relations, and patients with incomplete cord lesions in sleeping and energy (P<0.01). Patients with an external condom catheter presented a better HRQoL with significant differences in the dimension, limitations of daily life activities (P=0.04). The KHQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.91). Conclusion:KHQ is a valid instrument for evaluating HRQoL related with urinary incontinence in patients with spinal cord injury (AU)

Fundamento y objetivo: Evaluar la validez de la versión española del King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) en pacientes lesionados medulares (LM). Pacientes y método: Estudio transversal de 120 pacientes con lesión medular. Se evaluaron propiedades de factibilidad, validez transversal y consistencia interna del cuestionario KHQ. Resultados:Las dimensiones con mayor puntuación fueron: “impacto de síntomas urinarios”, “relaciones personales” y “limitaciones físicas”. Presentaron peor calidad de vida: pacientes de mayor edad, en las relaciones personales (p=0,042); las mujeres, en las limitaciones de las actividades de la vida diaria (p=0,009) y el impacto de la incontinencia urinaria (p<0,01); los parapléjicos, en las relaciones personales y las lesiones incompletas en el sueño y energía (p<0,01). Presentaron mejor calidad de vida: pacientes con colector permanente, siendo las diferencias significativas en la dimensión de “limitaciones en las actividades cotidianas” (p=0,04). La consistencia interna del cuestionario fue buena (alfa Cronbach 0,91). Conclusión: El KHQ es un instrumento válido para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la incontinencia urinaria en pacientes con LM (AU)

[Validation of the Spanish version of the King's Health questionnaire for evaluating quality of life related to urinary incontinence in patients with spinal cord injury]. / Validación de la versión española del cuestionario King's Health para la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la incontinencia urinaria en pacientes con lesión medular.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of the Spanish version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) in patients with spinal cord injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study, including a total of 120 patients with spinal cord injury. The feasibility, cross-cultural validity, and internal consistency of the KHQ were evaluated. RESULTS: The dimensions with the highest scores were: impact of urinary symptoms, personal relations, and physical limitations. The following groups presented a significantly poorer HRQoL: persons of advanced age in personal relations (P=0.042), women in limitations of daily life activities (P=0.009) and in the impact of urinary incontinence (P<0.01), paraplegic patients in personal relations, and patients with incomplete cord lesions in sleeping and energy (P<0.01). Patients with an external condom catheter presented a better HRQoL with significant differences in the dimension, limitations of daily life activities (P=0.04). The KHQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.91). CONCLUSION: KHQ is a valid instrument for evaluating HRQoL related with urinary incontinence in patients with spinal cord injury.