Trastornos de la deglución en la enfermedad de Parkinson / Swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease

Introducción. La enfermedad de Parkinson es una patología neurodegenerativa crónica, con síntomas motores característicos y otros menos estudiados como la disfagia. Suele relacionarse con desnutrición, deshidratación o neumonías por aspiración por trastornos en la eficacia y seguridad en la deglución. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y analizar los trastornos deglutorios en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Sujetos y métodos. Muestra inicial de 52 sujetos con enfermedad de Parkinson a los que se aplicó el test SDQ, específico para la disfagia. Se seleccionaron 19 (36,5%) participantes con algún grado de disfagia en dicho test para ser evaluados con el método de exploración clínica volumen-viscosidad y la videoendoscopia de la deglución. Resultados. Se detectaron trastornos de eficacia y seguridad de la deglución en el 94,7%, siendo las alteraciones de la eficacia: dificultad en el transporte de alimento (89,5%), deglución fraccionada (78,9%), mal sello labial (68,4%) y residuos orales (47,4%), relacionándose con el tiempo que dura la ingesta. Se observaron también alteraciones en la seguridad como residuos faríngeos (52,7%), tos (47,4%), penetración (31,64%), aspiración y descenso de SaO2 (5,3%), relacionándose con el diagnóstico de patología respiratoria en el último año. Conclusiones. El test SDQ detectó trastornos deglutorios en el 36,5% de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Las alteraciones en la eficacia y seguridad de la deglución se demostraron en el 94,7% de ellos, siendo más frecuentes los trastornos de eficacia que los de seguridad, estableciendo relación con el mayor tiempo en la ingesta y la aparición de patología respiratoria y neumonías (AU)

Introduction. Parkinson's disease is a type of chronic neurodegenerative pathology with a typical movement pattern, as well as different, less studied symptoms such as dysphagia. Disease-related disorders in efficacy or safety in the process of swallowing usually lead to malnutrition, dehydration or pneumonias. The aim of this study was identifying and analyzing swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease. Subjects and methods. The initial sample consisted of 52 subjects with Parkinson's disease to whom the specific test for dysphagia SDQ was applied. Nineteen participants (36.5%) with some degree of dysphagia in the SDQ test were selected to be evaluated by volume-viscosity clinical exploration method and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Results. Disorders in swallowing efficiency and safety were detected in 94.7% of the selected sample. With regards to efficiency, disorders were found in food transport (89.5%), insufficient labial closing (68.4%) and oral residues (47.4%), relating to duration of ingestion. Alterations in security were also observed: pharynx residues (52.7%), coughing (47.4%), penetration (31.64%), aspiration and decrease of SaO2 (5.3%), relating to the diagnosis of respiratory pathology in the previous year. Conclusion. The SDQ test detected swallowing disorders in 36.5% of the subjects with Parkinson's disease. Disorders in swallowing efficiency and safety were demonstrated in 94.7% of this subset. Disorders of efficiency were more frequent than those of safety, establishing a relationship with greater time in ingestion and the appearance of respiratory pathology and pneumonias (AU)

Swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease. / Trastornos de la deglución en la enfermedad de Parkinson.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is a type of chronic neurodegenerative pathology with a typical movement pattern, as well as different, less studied symptoms such as dysphagia. Disease-related disorders in efficacy or safety in the process of swallowing usually lead to malnutrition, dehydration or pneumonias. The aim of this study was identifying and analyzing swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The initial sample consisted of 52 subjects with Parkinson's disease to whom the specific test for dysphagia SDQ was applied. Nineteen participants (36.5%) with some degree of dysphagia in the SDQ test were selected to be evaluated by volume-viscosity clinical exploration method and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. RESULTS: Disorders in swallowing efficiency and safety were detected in 94.7% of the selected sample. With regards to efficiency, disorders were found in food transport (89.5%), insufficient labial closing (68.4%) and oral residues (47.4%), relating to duration of ingestion. Alterations in security were also observed: pharynx residues (52.7%), coughing (47.4%), penetration (31.64%), aspiration and decrease of SaO2 (5.3%), relating to the diagnosis of respiratory pathology in the previous year. CONCLUSION: The SDQ test detected swallowing disorders in 36.5% of the subjects with Parkinson's disease. Disorders in swallowing efficiency and safety were demonstrated in 94.7% of this subset. Disorders of efficiency were more frequent than those of safety, establishing a relationship with greater time in ingestion and the appearance of respiratory pathology and pneumonias.