Ingesta de hidratos de carbono y ácidos grasos de la dieta en sujetos con esquizofrenia y trastorno bipolar, y su asociación con parámetros antropométricos / Association of carbohydrate and fatty acid intake with anthropometric parameters in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders

Background: People with psychiatric disorders have higher rates of obesity, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. These comorbidities are associated with the underlying psychopathology and drug therapy. Aim: To determine the quality and quantity of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the diet and their association with anthropometric parameters in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Patients and Methods: We studied 30 patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders in treatment with atypical antipsychotics or mood stabilizers. Three 24-hour recall dietary surveys were carried out. Glycemic index, intake of carbohydrates and fatty acids (g/day) were calculated, and the ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was determined. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage were evaluated. Results: The average intakes of carbohydrates and fatty acids were 295 ± 111 and 73 ± 38 g/day respectively. The mean glycemic index was 59% ± 5.4, while the ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was 2: 1.4: 0.6. No association between dietary and anthropometric variables was found. Patients using second-generation antipsychotics had a significantly higher waist circumference than those using mood stabilizing drugs. Conclusions: We found no association between the amount and quality of carbohydrate or fatty acid dietary intake and anthropometric parameters.

[Ingesta de hidratos de carbono y ácidos grasos de la dieta en sujetos con esquizofrenia y trastorno bipolar, y su asociación con parámetros antropométricos]. / Association of carbohydrate and fatty acid intake with anthropometric parameters in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.

BACKGROUND: People with psychiatric disorders have higher rates of obesity, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. These comorbidities are associated with the underlying psychopathology and drug therapy. AIM: To determine the quality and quantity of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the diet and their association with anthropometric parameters in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 30 patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders in treatment with atypical antipsychotics or mood stabilizers. Three 24-hour recall dietary surveys were carried out. Glycemic index, intake of carbohydrates and fatty acids (g/day) were calculated, and the ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was determined. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage were evaluated. RESULTS: The average intakes of carbohydrates and fatty acids were 295 ± 111 and 73 ± 38 g/day respectively. The mean glycemic index was 59% ± 5.4, while the ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was 2: 1.4: 0.6. No association between dietary and anthropometric variables was found. Patients using second-generation antipsychotics had a significantly higher waist circumference than those using mood stabilizing drugs. CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between the amount and quality of carbohydrate or fatty acid dietary intake and anthropometric parameters.

[Acquired hemoglobin H disease associated with a myelodysplastic syndrome]. / Enfermedad de la hemoglobina H adquirida asociada a síndrome mielodisplásico.

Some patients found to have clonal panmyelopathies develop an acquired defect of haemoglobin synthesis clinically similar to haemoglobin H disease. A 58 year-old male diagnosed of simple refractory anaemia developed microcytosis and hypochromia. At the same time, his myelodysplastic syndrome became a refractory anaemia with excess of blasts. 33% of the red blood cells had "golf ball" inclusions after incubation with brilliant cresyl blue. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis revealed an haemoglobin H band. The globin chain synthesis alpha/beta ratio was 0.69. The molecular analysis demonstrated the integrity of both alpha genes in each chromosome. There were no familiar antecedent of haemoglobinopathy.

[Comparative study of pneumococcal bacteremia in patients with and without HIV infection]. / Estudio comparativo de la bacteriemia por neumococo en pacientes con y sin infección por VIH.

A retrospective study of bacteriemias due to S. pneumoniae in adults is performed, from all the cases observed in our hospital during the 1989-1990 period. We compare the clinical characteristics of the disease depending if the affected patients were infected or not by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the considered period bacteriemia due to S. pneumoniae has been diagnosed in 12 patients with HIV infection and 29 without it. Ten of the twelve patients with HIV infection (83.3%) were in Stage IV (CDC) of the disease, staying the rest in a less developed phase of the disease. Age was significantly higher in non-HIV patients (p < 0.001) and a high percentage of patients in this group (75%) showed some disease considered as predisposing to bacteriemia due to S. pneumoniae. When a respiratory foci was present, VIH positive individuals showed more frequently bilateral radiologic infiltrates and less frequently pleural effusion. Leucocyte count when diagnosis was done were significantly higher in non-HIV group. Sensibility of isolated S. pneumoniae was similar in the two groups, being the immediate mortality related with bacteriemia due to S. pneumoniae higher in the non-HIV group. In our center 29.3% of bacteriemias due to S. pneumoniae are diagnosed in patients with HIV infection. This disease in itself could constitute an added risk factor in the development of bacteriemia due to S. pneumoniae.