Effects of Violet and IR LED Light on mast cell degranulation: in vivo study in a murine model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of IR (λ850 ± 10 nm) and violet (λ405 ± 10 nm) LED phototherapy on total mast cells counts and its ability to influence mast cell degranulation. For this, 27 Wistar rats were used and were randomly distributed into three groups: control, IR LED, and violet LED. When indicated, irradiation done and they were sacrificed, had their tongue removed immediately, 20-min, 45-min, and 2-h after irradiation. Samples were processed to wax, cut, and stained with Toluidine Blue. Intact and degranulated mast cells were counted under light microscopy, and statistical analysis was carried out. In the superficial connective tissue and muscular tissues, violet LED light caused a significant increase in both total number and degranulated mast cells when compared to the control group immediately after irradiation. The degranulation indexes were higher in the groups irradiated with Violet light, both in superficial connective tissue and muscular tissues in relation to the timing. Irradiation with IR LED caused immediate increase in the total number and degranulated of mast cells when compared to the control group only in the superficial connective tissue. In all times observed, the highest total amount of mast cells was seen immediately after irradiation, except in the muscular tissue, which presented the highest amount after 20-min. It was concluded that IR and violet LED light were able to increase the number of mast cells and inducing degranulation in oral mucosa. However, considering that violet LED light can be harmful in periodontal disease, it seems that the use of IR LED light could be the best option in Dentistry.

In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of Brazilian red propolis ethanol extract in the prevention of periodontal disease in dogs.

Dental plaque (DP) is found on the surface of teeth and comprises a community of microorganisms that form a structured biofilm. Bacteria present in DP are potential periodontal pathogens when there is an imbalance in the healthy oral environment, and are precursors of periodontal disease (PD). In dogs, the treatments, such as mechanical removal, are difficult and expensive to apply. Therefore, in order to seek new therapeutic alternatives to control dental plaque in dogs, Brazilian red propolis ethanol extract (RPEE) was tested to evaluate its antibacterial effect on bacteria isolated from DP of dogs without PD. DP was collected from the supragingival dental surfaces of 10 dogs. Bacterial isolates of DP were identified by PCR and sequencing of 16S rDNA gene. The RPEE was obtained using the ultrasound ethanol extraction technique, and the chemical composition was obtained by HPLC-DAD and UV-spectrophotometry. In total, 29 different bacteria belonging to five genera were identified. Formononetin, biochanin A, liquiritigenin and daidzein were the major constituents of the RPEE. The cytotoxic effect showed cell viability after 24 h above 50 % at all concentrations evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration was between 37.5 and 150.0 µg/mL for all bacterial isolates. The minimal bactericidal concentration was between 150 and 1200 µg/mL for Gram-positive and 300-1200 µg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria. The results are promising and suggest that RPEE has significant antibacterial potential against the bacteria present in the DP of healthy dogs. Although further studies are still needed, the results suggest RPEE might be safely used in the prevention of periodontal disease.

Ozone technology to reduce zearalenone contamination in whole maize flour: degradation kinetics and impact on quality.

BACKGROUND: Maize is one of the most important cereals. It is used for different purposes and in different industries worldwide. This cereal is prone to contamination with mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEN), which is produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum and F. equiseti. Toxin production under highly moist conditions (aw > 0.95) is exacerbated if there are alternations between low temperatures (12-14 °C) and high temperatures (25-28 °C). Even if good production practices are adopted, mycotoxins can be found in several stages of the production chain. For this reason, an alternative to reducing this contamination is ozonation. This study evaluated the reduction of ZEN in naturally contaminated whole maize flour (WMF) treated with 51.5 mg L-1 of ozone for up to 60 min. Pasting properties, peroxide value, and fatty acid composition were also evaluated. RESULTS: Zearalenone degradation in ozonated WMF was described by a fractional first-order kinetic, with a maximum reduction of 62.3% and kinetic parameter of 0.201 min-1 in the conditions that were evaluated. The ozonation process in WMF showed a decrease in the apparent viscosity, a decrease in the proportion of linoleic, oleic, and α-linolenic fatty acids, an increase in the proportion of palmitic acid, and an increase in the peroxide value. CONCLUSION: Ozonation was effective in reducing ZEN contamination in WMF. However, it also modified the pasting properties, fatty acid profile, and peroxide value, affecting functional and technological aspects of WMF. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Ozone treatment to reduce deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) contamination in wheat bran and its impact on nutritional quality.

Wheat bran is an important source for human and animal feed. Its nutritional aspects include a high content of fibre and minerals, as well as phenolic compounds that help prevent chronic diseases. However, wheat can be susceptible to contamination by fungus, which can produce mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), causing adverse health effects. Therefore, methods should be developed to reduce possible contamination. Ozone can be used for this purpose as it is considered safe and environmental friendly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction of DON and ZEN concentrations in wheat bran using the ozonation process as well as to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the nutritional quality of bran. Considering this, wheat bran naturally contaminated with both DON and ZEN was processed using ozone at different conditions. The nutritional quality of the bran was evaluated after processing considering the following aspects: the total phenolic content and the bran antioxidant capacity (by using both DPPH and ABTS radicals). The results showed that the degradation of ZEN was higher and faster than the degradation of DON, which could be explained by their molecular structures. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the bran were not affected by the ozonation process, which is preferable from a nutritional point of view. Therefore, ozonation was demonstrated to be a possible method for reducing mycotoxins in wheat bran, although more studies are needed in order to better understand and optimise processing and product quality.

Tratamento da osteonecrose induzida por uso crônico de bifosfonatos com auxílio de protótipo tridimensional: relato de caso clínico / Treatment of osteonecrosis induced by chronic use of bisphosphonates with three-dimensional prototype of aid: a case report

Um caso clínico de tratamento de paciente com osteonecrose induzida por uso de bifosfonatos em mandíbula é apresentado neste estudo, utilizando como tratamento coadjuvante a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica e incorporando a prototipagem para o auxílio no tratamento cirúrgico da lesão, com uso de placa de reconstrução pré-modelada. Descrição do relato de caso de uma paciente, 78 anos de idade, gênero feminino, com história médica de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes, artrite e artrose, cursando com úlcera, fístula intraoral e exposição óssea e fratura patológica, associado a trauma pelo uso de prótese total. A lesão óssea foi tratada com ressecção parcial e osteossíntese de mandíbula. Seis meses após a cirurgia, não se observava clinicamente ulcerações, exposições ósseas e nem exposição da placa de reconstrução. Paciente não relatava queixas álgicas ou neurológicas. Radiograficamente não foi observado nenhum sinal de sequestro ósseo ou recidiva. Paciente encontra-se no aguardo para reconstrução óssea e reabilitação com implantes osseointegrados. Conclusão: O uso de placas reconstrutoras em cirurgia de osteossíntese de mandíbula pós-ressecção parcial, ainda é um dos melhores tratamentos indicados para osteonecrose associados a fratura patológica, favoráveis a qualidade de vida do paciente. A prototipagem tem trazido muitas vantagens como: menor morbidade, menor tempo cirúrgico, precisão na adaptação da placa ao tecido ósseo e diminuição dos custos hospitalares(AU)

A clinical case of treatment of patients with osteonecrosis induced by the use of bisphosphonates in the mandible is presented, using as adjunctive treatment the hyperbaric oxygen therapy and incorporating prototyping to aid in the surgical treatment of the lesion, using a pre-shaped reconstruction plaque. Description of the case report of a 78-year-old female patient with a medical history of systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and arthrosis, with ulcer, intraoral fistula and bone exposure and pathological fracture associated with Trauma due to the use of total prosthesis. The bone lesion was treated with partial resection and mandibular osteosynthesis. Six months after surgery, no ulcerations, bone exposures, or plaque exposure were clinically observed. Patient did not report pain or neurological complaints. Radiographically no signs of bone sequestration or recurrence were observed. Patient is awaiting bone reconstruction and rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants. The use of reconstructive plaques in post-resection partial mandibular osteosynthesis surgery is still one of the best treatments indicated for osteonecrosis associated with pathological fracture, favorable to patient's quality of life. Prototyping has brought many advantages such as: lower morbidity, shorter surgical time, precision in the adaptation of the plaque to the bone tissue and decrease in hospital costs(AU)