Pea Protein Isolate as a Meat Substitute in Canned Pork Pâté: Nutritional, Technological, Oxidative, and Sensory Properties.

This study investigated the feasibility of replacing pork meat with pea protein isolate in canned pâtés at proportions ranging from 12.5% to 50%. The results indicated that protein reformulation did not significantly impact the protein content and lipid oxidation of the pâtés. Reformulated products exhibited a decrease in a∗ values and an increase in b∗ values. These color changes were also sensorially identified in the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) test, where the reformulated pâtés were associated with attributes such as 'yellow color' and 'unpleasant color', which were inversely related to product acceptance. The protein reformulation reduced the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness parameters of the pâtés. These textural changes were positively reflected in the CATA test, where the reformulated products were characterized by attributes like 'soft texture', 'pleasant texture', and 'good spreadability', which strongly correlated with higher consumer acceptance. Notably, pâtés with 37.5% and 50% substitutions of pork meat with pea protein showed acceptability levels comparable to the control, and those with up to a 25% substitution exhibited superior sensory acceptability. However, the color alteration suggests the need for future optimization, such as using natural colorants. In summary, the results of this study not only validate the feasibility of replacing pork meat with pea protein in pâtés but also offer valuable insights for future investigations to develop more innovative and sustainable meat products.

Jabuticaba peel extract obtained by microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity extraction: A green strategy to improve the oxidative and sensory stability of beef burgers produced with healthier oils.

Hydrogelled emulsions (HE) from chia and linseed oils (1:1) were made with different concentrations (0, 6, 8, and 10%) of jabuticaba peel extract (JPE) obtained by microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) extraction. Burgers (20% fat) were produced with the replacement of 60% of fat by HEs. The oxidative profile and the sensory quality of raw and cooked burgers were evaluated for 120 days (-18 °C). The JPE exhibited 1.72 mg/mL of phenolic compounds and 57,741.67 µmol TE/mL of antioxidant capacity. In addition, the MHG extraction eliminated the mesophilic bacteria from the jabuticaba peel. The burgers made with HE and without the addition of JPE showed a 5-fold increase in TBARS values when compared to the control. On the other hand, the addition of 10% JPE to HE was effective to maintain the lipid oxidation similar to the control until the 60th day of storage. Besides, the incorporation of JPE into HE reduced the sensory defects caused by the lipid reformulation.

Production of healthier bologna type sausages using pork skin and green banana flour as a fat replacers.

The effect of pork skin (PS) and green banana flour (GBF) on the physicochemical, technological, microbiological, and sensory properties of Bologna-type sausages was assessed. For this propose, six batches were manufactured: control (formulated with 20% fat) and five treatments replacing 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of pork-fat by a mixture of PS, water, and GBF (1:2:2). Fat contents significantly (P<0.05) decreased, while moisture, resistant starch and ash levels significantly (P<0.05) increased with the addition of PS and GBF gel. Lower cooking loss and higher emulsion stability (P<0.05) were observed in the modified treatments. No difference was observed between the treatments for the microbiological quality. The substitution of up to 60% fat did not influence (P>0.05) on color (L*, a*, b*, and whiteness), texture parameters, and sensory acceptability. Therefore, healthier Bologna type sausages could be produced by replacing up to 60% of the fat with a mixture of PS, water, and GBF without depreciating product's quality.

Properties of bologna-type sausages with pork back-fat replaced with pork skin and amorphous cellulose.

Bologna-type sausages were produced with 50% of their pork back-fat content replaced with gels elaborated with different ratios of pork skin, water, and amorphous cellulose (1:1:0, 1:1:0.1, 1:1:0.2, 1:1:0.3, and 1:1:0.4). The impact of such replacement on the physico-chemical characteristics and the consumer sensory profiling was evaluated. The modified treatments had 42% less fat, 18% more protein, and 8% more moisture than the control group. Treatments with amorphous cellulose had a lower cooking loss and higher emulsion stability. High amorphous cellulose content (1:1:0.3 and 1:1:0.4) increased hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The gel formulated with the ratio of 1:1:0.2 (pork skin: water: amorphous cellulose gel) provided a sensory sensation similar to that provided by fat and allowed products of good acceptance to be obtained. Therefore, a combination of pork skin and amorphous cellulose is useful in improving technological quality and producing healthier and sensory acceptable bologna-type sausages.

Redução do teor de sódio em salame tipo italiano / Reducing the sodium content in Italian salami

Estudou-se o efeito da substituição do cloreto e sódio por outros sais, como o cloreto de potássio e cloreto de magnésio, visando reduzir a quantidade de sódio no salame tipo italiano. Foi elaborado o salame controle contendo 2,5% de cloreto de sódio, sendo que este foi substituído nos tratamentos por misturas de sais, conforme descrito a seguir: no tratamento 1 empregou-se a mistura de 1,5% de cloreto de sódio e 1,0% de cloreto de potássio; para o tratamento 2 adicionou-se apenas cloreto de potássio (2,5%); o tratamento 3 recebeu a mistura de cloreto de sódio (1,25%) e de cloreto de magnésio (1,25%) e no tratamento 4 apenas o cloreto de magnésio (2,0%). As amostras foram adicionadas de cloreto de magnésio apresentaram maior contagem de bactérias láticas e valores de pH inferiores, proporcionando declínio mais rápido na contagem de coliformes totais nestas amostras. A substituição do cloreto de sódio não provocou diferença na cor e odor, porém influenciou no sabor do salame. (...) Desta forma sugere-se que novos experimentos sejam conduzidos visando melhorar as características sensoriais dos demais tratamentos.

Emprego de soro de leite líquido na elaboração de mortadela / Employment of fluid whey in the elaboration of mortadela

No presente experimento, o objetivo foi verificar a possibilidade de incorporar soro de leite líquido em mortadela. A água empregada na elaboração da mortadela foi substituída nas proporções de 50, 75 e 100 por cento por soro de leite líquido. Foram avaliadas as características sensoriais (cor, odor, sabor e textura), pH, coloração, estabilidade da emulsão da mortadela, assim como a percentagem de gordura e líquido, liberados após o tratamento térmico da emulsão da mortadela. A adição de soro de leite líquido não exerceu influência significativa nas características sensoriais, pH, coloração, estabilidade da emulsão e líquido liberado após o tratamento térmico das mortadelas. A substituição de 75 e 100 por cento da água por soro de leite líquido, na elaboração da mortadela proporcionou menor percentual de gordura liberada após o tratamento térmico. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se dizer que o soro líquido pode ser usado para substituir 100 por cento do gelo usado na elaboração da mortadela, evitando que o soro excedente seja liberado no meio ambiente.

The objective of this paper was to verify the possibility of incorporating fluid whey in mortadela. The water employed in the elaboration of mortadela was replaced in the proportions of 50, 75 and 100 percent by fluid whey. Sensorial characteristics (color, odor, flavor and texture), pH, color, emulsion stability of mortadela were evaluated, as well as the percentage of fat and liquid released after thermal treatment of mortadela emulsion. The addition of fluid whey did not exert significant influence on the sensorial characteristics, pH, color, emulsion stability and liquid released after the thermal treatments in mortadela. Water substitutions of 75 and 100 percent by fluid whey in the elaboration of mortadela promoted a lower percentage of fat released after thermal treatment. Based on the obtained results it is clear that fluid whey can be used to substitute 100 percent of ice used in the elaboration of mortadela, thus avoiding that exceeding fluid whey be released in the environment.

Qualidade higiênico-sanitária da carne bovina moída comercializada na cidade de Santa Maria, RS / Sanitary quality of ground beef commercialized in the city of Santa Maria, RS

A carne bovina moída tem sido reconhecida como fonte primária de infecção, ocasionando graves prejuízos à saúde dos consumidores. Com o objetivo de avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias da carne bovina moída comercializada na cidade de Santa Maria-RS, foram realizadas contagens de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos acima de 10 UFC/g em 100% das amostras analisadas. (...) A contagem microbiana observada neste estudo indicou condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias, o que torna este tipo de produto um potencial causador de enfermidades de origem alimentar.

Extrato de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis) como antioxidante, em carne de peru submetida a tratamento térmico / Extract mate (Ilex paraguariensis) as antioxidant in turkey meat thermic

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a atividade antioxidante do extrato hidro-etanólico de erva mate em carne de peru moída submetida a tratamento térmico, além de testar sua capacidade antioxidante em presença do cloreto de sódio e acompanhar o desenvolvimento microbiano. Os resultados apontaram que o extrato hidro-etanólico de erva mate apresentou atividade antioxidante, com pequena redução na ação em presença do cloreto de sódio. Porém, o mesmo não demonstrou atividade antimicrobiana na concentração de 0,5 por cento.

A carne de ema (Rhea Americana) na fabricação do salame tipo Italiano / The meat of ema (Rhea American) in the manufacture of the salami Italian type

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o comportamento da carne de ema na elaboração do salame tipo Italiano. Foram feitas análises microbiológicas (aeróbios mesófilos e bactérias láticas), físico-químicas (composição centesimal, perda de peso, pH e atividade de água) e sensorial. Os resultados mostraram que a carne de ema e as matérias primas utilizadas na elaboração do salame tipo Italiano tradicional têm semelhantes características microbiológicas e físico-químicas. A análise sensorial aprovou o produto, mas foram atribuídas notas menores com relação à coloração.