RESUMEN
Several studies have shown that the population has relatively little information regarding Chagas disease (CD) and its vectors; however, this knowledge is relevant because community participation is vital for success in disease control actions. For this reason, and due to the lack of audiovisual material on this subject in the country, this study focused on making an educational documentary on CD and its vectors, which could be available to the population for free. The video preparation was divided into three phases: Pre-production, Production and Post-production. The site chosen for shooting was northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State due to the Triatoma infestans vector persistence in recent decades in that area. A documentary was obtained which addresses relevant CD aspects, such as its history, transmission, major vectors and biology, phases of the disease and, in particular, how to inspect the intra-domiciliary and peri-domiciliary areas in search of triatomine bugs or "kissing bugs". The use of videos as an educational tool helps broadcast information; therefore, this documentary is a public use tool, which aims to promote the control and prophylaxis of CD and its vectors.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Trypanosoma , Educación en Salud , Enfermedad de ChagasRESUMEN
Parasites are often a public health hazard, especially among schoolchildren. The transmission of these parasites is associated with poor hygiene and sanitation, as well as close contact between people. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren from the rural and urban areas of the Palmeira das Missões county, a major town in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State. Fecal samples from 209 schoolchildren aged three to fourteen were analyzed. The Hoffman, Pons and Janer, Faust, Ritchie, and Kinyoun's stain for coccidea parasite detection techniques were applied. 59.3% of the patients were positive for pathogenic or commensal parasites. The most common parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively. There were no significant differences in positivity among schoolchildren from rural and urban areas. Low family income and the mothers' schooling (up to 8 years of education) were statistically significant for the presence of parasites. This is the first parasite study carried out in the Palmeira das Missões county
Asunto(s)
Ascaris lumbricoides , Giardia lamblia , CryptosporidiumRESUMEN
Esse é um estudo do tipo desenvolvimento de tecnologia educativa digital, firmada com a colaboração entre pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) com o Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS) e o Telessaúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) para construção de um documentário educativo sobre a Doença de Chagas e seus vetores. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Triatominae , Enfermedad de Chagas/prevención & control , Película y Video Educativos , Control de Vectores de las Enfermedades , Materiales Educativos y de Divulgación , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisiónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION:: The Housing Improvement Program for Chagas Disease Control (HIPCDC) was established in 2001 in Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, aiming to improve the conditions of the domiciliary and peridomiciliary environments to make them resistant to triatomine colonization. This study aimed to assess the impact of the HIPCDC on triatomine control by developing local population and authority awareness on the issue. METHODS:: The study was conducted by means of questionnaires applied to local authorities and the program beneficiaries. Three municipalities - Ajuricaba, Coronel Barros, and Crissiumal - were visited. RESULTS:: A program coordinator from each municipality and 62 individuals from selected households were interviewed. The authorities reported difficulties in the implementation of the program due to differences between the project development period and financial resource availability, in addition to a lack of understanding by the community not included in the program. As for the houses, most improvements were made in the peridomiciliary environments; moreover, construction of 4 new residences, as well as the renovation of others, was also reported. Regarding suggestions to the program, requests for better planning (44.9%) and renovation quality (36.7%) were highlighted. With reference to the presence of triatomine bugs, prior to the HIPCDC adaptations, 12.9% of the respondents reported coming across at least one specimen at home, as compared to 22.6% who found these insects in peridomiciliary areas. CONCLUSIONS:: Despite reports of difficulties in carrying out the HIPCDC, there was an improvement in the housing conditions, with no triatomine occurrence reports after the program implementation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas/prevención & control , Vivienda , Control de Insectos/normas , Insectos Vectores , Triatominae , Animales , Brasil , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Densidad de Población , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de SaludRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Housing Improvement Program for Chagas Disease Control (HIPCDC) was established in 2001 in Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, aiming to improve the conditions of the domiciliary and peridomiciliary environments to make them resistant to triatomine colonization. This study aimed to assess the impact of the HIPCDC on triatomine control by developing local population and authority awareness on the issue. METHODS: The study was conducted by means of questionnaires applied to local authorities and the program beneficiaries. Three municipalities - Ajuricaba, Coronel Barros, and Crissiumal - were visited. RESULTS: A program coordinator from each municipality and 62 individuals from selected households were interviewed. The authorities reported difficulties in the implementation of the program due to differences between the project development period and financial resource availability, in addition to a lack of understanding by the community not included in the program. As for the houses, most improvements were made in the peridomiciliary environments; moreover, construction of 4 new residences, as well as the renovation of others, was also reported. Regarding suggestions to the program, requests for better planning (44.9%) and renovation quality (36.7%) were highlighted. With reference to the presence of triatomine bugs, prior to the HIPCDC adaptations, 12.9% of the respondents reported coming across at least one specimen at home, as compared to 22.6% who found these insects in peridomiciliary areas. CONCLUSIONS: Despite reports of difficulties in carrying out the HIPCDC, there was an improvement in the housing conditions, with no triatomine occurrence reports after the program implementation.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Control de Insectos/normas , Enfermedad de Chagas/prevención & control , Vivienda , Insectos Vectores , Brasil , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Entrevistas como Asunto , Triatominae , Densidad de Población , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisiónRESUMEN
O presente trabalho objetivou investigar os resultados da triagem sorológica para doença de Chagas (DCH) dos doadores do Banco de Sangue do município de Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, no período de junho de 2001 a maio de 2011. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Sistema HEMOVIDA®, tendo por base 10.164 bolsas de sangue. Observou-se que 2,7% (272) das doações apresentaram sororreatividade para Trypanosoma cruzi, sendo esta a primeira causa de descarte das bolsas dentre as doenças infecciosas sorologicamente testadas. Entre as bolsas reagentes, 6,3% (17) também apresentaram resultados positivos para outros marcadores sorológicos: hepatite B (9 casos), hepatite C (4 casos), HTLV I/II (3 casos) e sífilis (1 caso). Embora os testes sorológicos confirmatórios e a caracterização da forma clínica sejam etapas relevantes realizadas em centros de referência, os resultados apontam elevado índice de sororreatividade na triagem para T. cruzi nesta área do estudo. Evidenciou-se que a via de transmissão transfusional de T. cruzi pode ocorrer na região noroeste do RS, não sendo permitida, portanto, nenhuma negligência quanto à obrigatoriedade do exame sorológico para DCH nos bancos de sangue
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Transfusión Sanguínea , TriajeRESUMEN
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a contaminação ambiental do solo por parasitos em praças públicas de seis municípios da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram visitadas dez praças, sendo analisadas 10 amostras de solo de cada uma destas localidades, totalizando 100 amostras. A técnicaempregada para a pesquisa de parasitos no solo foi a de Caldwell e Caldwell adaptada por Pessoa e Martins. Constatou-se contaminação parasitária em 41 por cento (41) das amostras e todas as praçasavaliadas possuíam ao menos uma amostra positiva. O parasito de maior frequência foi Toxocaraspp., presente em 25 por cento das amostras, seguido pela superfamília Strongyloidea (possivelmenteancilostomídeos) (11 por cento), por Ascaris spp. (4 por cento) e Trichuris spp. (2 por cento), dentre outros. Tambémfoi identificada a presença de cães e suas fezes na maioria dos locais avaliados. Evidencia-se apossibilidade da transmissão de helmintoses aos usuários destas praças, especialmente larva migransvisceral, larva migrans cutânea e enteroparasitoses. Os resultados ressaltam a importância daimplementação de medidas preventivas cujo intuito seja minimizar a contaminação fecal do solo deáreas públicas destinadas ao lazer. Para isso, o esclarecimento da população, o controle de animaiserrantes e a posse responsável dos animais são as principais alternativas.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos , Contaminación Ambiental , Helmintos , Parásitos , ToxocaraRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the presence of infectious intestinal parasites in individuals undergoing enterectomy and enrolled in the Ostomy Program of the Department of Health Management, Health System (SUS), in the municipality of Pelotas, Brazil. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to 71 individuals who participated in the survey, to assess demographic, social, and cultural effects on basic knowledge concerning enteroparasites. They also underwent fecal examinations by the Faust, Ritchie and Baermann-Moraes methods. The prevalence of monoparasitism carriers was 5.6 percent: Enterobius vermicularis larvae and eggs, Taenia sp. eggs and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were diagnosed. As for knowledge about parasites, 69 percent of interviewees had general knowledge of the subject and 56.3 percent knew of the importance of hygiene for hands and food. However, 33.8 percent of respondents did not know of the necessary precautions for preventing intestinal parasites, and 50.7 percent of the respondents did not understand the real importance of the subject. There were no signs or symptoms that would indicate the presence of parasites in the patients. The results indicated the presence of helminths in individuals undergoing intestinal ostomy.
Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de agentes infecciosos de natureza nteroparasitária em indivíduos estomizados e cadastrados no Programa de Ostomizados do Departamento de Gestão de Saúde, Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no município de Pelotas (RS), Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico a 71 indivíduos que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, para avaliar as variáveis demográficas, sociais e culturais, além dos conhecimentos básicos sobre enteroparasitos. Também foram submetidos a exames coproparasitológicos por meio dos métodos de Faust, Ritchie e Baermann-Moraes. A prevalência de portadores foi de 5,6 porcento, predominando o monoparasitismo. Foram diagnosticadas larvas e ovos de Enterobius vermicularis, ovos de Taenia sp. e larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis. Em relação ao conhecimento sobre os parasitos, 69 porcento dos entrevistados tinham conhecimento geral acerca do assunto, 56,3 porcento evidenciaram a importância da higiene das mãos e alimentos. No entanto, 33,8 porcento dos entrevistados não sabiam das precauções necessárias para prevenir as parasitoses intestinais e, ainda assim, 50,7 porcento dos entrevistados afirmaram não sentirem falta de maiores explicações, não compreendendo a real importância do assunto. Relata-se, ainda, que não havia sinais ou sintomas que indicassem a presença de parasitos nos pacientes, o que permite que estas condições persistam, com transmissão dos parasitos a outros indivíduos. Os resultados indicaram também a presença de helmintos em indivíduos submetidos à ostomia intestinal.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Helmintos , NematodosRESUMEN
Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as espécies de triatomíneos presentes na região de abrangência da 3ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (3ª CRS) e avaliar aspectos da vigilância entomológica da doença de Chagas desencadeada a partir da notificação de insetos pela população. Para tanto, fez-se o acompanhamento das atividades desenvolvidas pelos agentes no período proposto, sendo também realizadas entrevistas com estes agentes para a identificação das principais dificuldades encontradas durante o andamento das ações do programa. No biênio 2010-2011, foram capturados 295 triatomíneos em nove municípios, todos eles provenientes de capturas realizadas pela população (notificação) e entregues em Postos de Informação de Triatomíneos. Dentre os municípios que obtiveram maior número de capturas, destacaram-se Canguçu (37,8 porcento) e Piratini (28,8 porcento). As espécies com mais exemplares capturados foram Triatoma rubrovaria (93,9 porcento) e Panstrongylus tupynambai (5,1 porcento). As capturas dos insetos ocorreram, predominantemente, no intradomicílio e nos meses de temperatura mais elevada. Quanto aos agentes, 95,2 porcento relataram alguma dificuldade no exercício do ofício, destacando-se as inadequações do transporte e a escassez de material educativo para distribuição pública como principais elementos dificultadores. Concluiu-se que alguns municípios apresentam risco permanente de invasão domiciliar por triatomíneos, especialmente T. rubrovaria. Em razão disso, ficou evidenciada a importância da manutenção das atividades de vigilância e de maior assistência ao trabalho dos agentes que atuam no programa...
The objective of this study was to describe the triatomine species present in the region covered by the 3rd Regional Health Coordination of Rio Grande do Sul (3rd CRS) and evaluate aspects of entomological surveillance of Chagas disease from the notification of insects by the population. For this, the agents activities over this period were monitored and they were interviewed to ascertain the main difficulties encountered in the activities of the program. Over this period, 295 triatomines were caught in nine municipalities. All of them were caught by members of the public (notifications) and were handed in at triatomine information centers. Among the municipalities in which larger numbers of specimens were caught, Canguçu (37.8 percent) and Piratini (28.8 percent) were prominent. The species for which the largest numbers of specimens were caught were Triatoma rubrovaria (93.9 percent) and Panstrongylus tupynambai (5.1 percent). The insects were predominantly caught inside homes and during the hotter months. Regarding the agents, 95.2 percent reported that they had some difficulties in carrying out their duties. Inadequacies of transportation and scarcity of educational material for public distribution were cited as the main factors that caused difficulties. It was concluded that some municipalities present an ongoing risk of triatomine invasion in homes, especially regarding T. rubrovaria; maintenance of surveillance activities is of fundamental importance, and greater assistance for the work of agents acting within the program is needed...