Copaiba oil effect on induced fecal peritonitis in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic substance on survival of rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, describing histopathological and oxidative stress findings. METHODS: Forty rats (Ratus norvegicus) were distributed into five study groups (N=8): Sham group (ShG): normal standard animals; Sepse group (SepG): submitted a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); Pre group (PreG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection for five days before carrying out CLP; Post CLP group (PostG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection from the first day of CLP until death by sepsis; and Pre/Post group (Pre/PostG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection for five days before carrying out CLP and from the first day of CLP until de death by sepsis. After the death of the animals, blood was collected for assessment of oxidative stress and histological analysis were performed. The Kaplan-Meier curves of surviving time were realized. RESULTS: Survival analysis demonstrated that animals treated with copaiba oil prior to the execution of the CLP (PreG and Pre/Post groups) had longer survival compared to the sepsis group (p<0.0001) whereas animals receiving copaiba only after the completion of CLP (PostG) showed no statistically significant difference compared to the sepsis group. However, when comparing the two groups in which was administered copaiba previously (PreG and Pre/PostG groups), there was no statistical significance between the groups (p=0.4672). There was no statistical difference between histopathological findings or the levels of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic subcutaneous administration of copaiba increases survival of rats subjected to severe sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture.

Copaiba oil effect on induced fecal peritonitis in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic substance on survival of rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, describing histopathological and oxidative stress findings.METHODS:Forty rats (Ratus norvegicus) were distributed into five study groups (N=8): Sham group (ShG): normal standard animals; Sepse group (SepG): submitted a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); Pre group (PreG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection for five days before carrying out CLP; Post CLP group (PostG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection from the first day of CLP until death by sepsis; and Pre/Post group (Pre/PostG): administered copaiba oil once daily by subcutaneous injection for five days before carrying out CLP and from the first day of CLP until de death by sepsis. After the death of the animals, blood was collected for assessment of oxidative stress and histological analysis were performed. The Kaplan-Meier curves of surviving time were realized.RESULTS: Survival analysis demonstrated that animals treated with copaiba oil prior to the execution of the CLP (PreG and Pre/Post groups) had longer survival compared to the sepsis group (p<0.0001) whereas animals receiving copaiba only after the completion of CLP (PostG) showed no statistically significant difference compared to the sepsis group. However, when comparing the two groups in which was administered copaiba previously (PreG and Pre/PostG groups), there was no statistical significance between the groups (p=0.4672). There was no statistical difference between histopathological findings or the levels of oxidative stress.CONCLUSION: Prophylactic subcutaneous administration of copaiba increases survival of rats subjected to severe sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture.

Copaiba oil effect under different pathways in mice subjected to sepsis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil administered by different routes on survival of mices subjected to cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS: Thirty two mice were distributed into four study groups (N=8): Sham group: normal standard animals; CONTROL GROUP: submitted a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); Gavage group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by gavage; and Subcutaneous group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by subcutaneous injection. After the death of the histological analysis were performed. The Kaplan-Meier curves of surviving time were realized. RESULTS: All animals that received copaiba, regardless of the route used, survived longer when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), whereas the survival time ranged from 20 hours for the control group up to 32 hours for the animals of gavage group and 52 for subcutaneous group. The animals that received gavage copaiba lived about and about 20 hours unless the subcutaneous group (p=0.0042). There was no statistical difference when compared the intensity of inflammatory response (p>0.05) CONCLUSION: Prophylactic subcutaneous administration of copaiba in mice subjected to severe sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture, resulted in a survival time higher than non-use or use of this oil by gavage.

Copaiba oil effect under different pathways in mice subjected to sepsis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil administered by different routes on survival of mices subjected to cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS: Thirty two mice were distributed into four study groups (N=8): Sham group: normal standard animals; Control group: submitted a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); Gavage group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by gavage; and Subcutaneous group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by subcutaneous injection. After the death of the histological analysis were performed. The Kaplan-Meier curves of surviving time were realized. RESULTS: All animals that received copaiba, regardless of the route used, survived longer when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), whereas the survival time ranged from 20 hours for the control group up to 32 hours for the animals of gavage group and 52 for subcutaneous group. The animals that received gavage copaiba lived about and about 20 hours unless the subcutaneous group (p=0.0042). There was no statistical difference when compared the intensity of inflammatory response (p>0.05) CONCLUSION: Prophylactic subcutaneous administration of copaiba in mice subjected to severe sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture, resulted in a survival time higher than non-use or use of this oil by gavage. .

Declaração de óbito, compromisso no preenchimento: avaliação em Belém - Pará, em 2010 / Commitment in the completion of the medical death certification: evaluation in Belém, Pará, Brazil in 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o preenchimento das declarações de óbito em Belém-PA, registradas no ano de 2010. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 800 declarações de óbito de morte não violenta, sorteadas aleatoriamente, referentes ao ano de 2010. Quanto ao correto preenchimento, foram avaliados todos os campos do documento, com exceção dos campos V (Morte fetal ou menor que um ano), I (Destinado aos cartórios) e VIII (Causas externas/Mortes violentas). Cada campo foi analisado seguindo os seguintes parâmetros: preenchidos de maneira incompleta, campos em branco, ilegíveis e preenchimento incorreto. RESULTADOS: A partir dos dados coletados, foram encontrados altíssimos índices de equívocos no preenchimento das certidões; 98,7% delas apresentavam, pelo menos, um erro em seu preenchimento. Entretanto, os mais notáveis e de maior repercussão foram encontrados no campo VI, destinado ao registro da causa de morte, onde, tal erro foi encontrado em 71,5%, principalmente pela utilização de termos vagos no registro. CONCLUSÃO: Os altíssimos índices de declarações de óbito mal preenchidas demonstram uma grande falha por parte dos currículos das escolas médicas, bem como uma carência de projetos de educação médica continuada que abordem tal temática de inestimável importância. Os resultados demonstraram negligência ou desconhecimento da própria fisiopatogenia das doenças por parte dos médicos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the completion of medical certificates of death in Belém, state of Pará, Brazil in 2010. METHODS: In the present study, 800 medical certificates of non-violent death, randomly chosen, and produced in 2010 were analyzed. Regarding correct completion, all fields of the Trabalho document were evaluated, except for fields I (reserved for civil registries), V (stillbirth or death under age of one year), and VIII (external causes/violent death). Each field was analyzed regarding the following parameters: incomplete fields, fields left blank, illegibility, and incorrect completions. RESULTS: Based on the data collected, very high rates of errors in completion were observed; 98.7% of the certificates had at least one mistake. The most remarkable and important mistakes were found in field VI, intended for the cause of death, with a frequency of error of 71.5%, especially due to vagueness. CONCLUSION: The very high rates of poorly completed medical certificates of death highlights a significant failure in the medical schools' curriculum, as well as a lack of continuing medical education programs addressing such topic of paramount importance. The results demonstrated neglect or lack of knowledge on the pathophysiology of diseases by physicians.

Commitment in the completion of the medical death certification. Evaluation in Belém, Pará, Brazil in 2010.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the completion of medical certificates of death in Belém, state of Pará, Brazil in 2010. METHODS: In the present study, 800 medical certificates of non-violent death, randomly chosen, and produced in 2010 were analyzed. Regarding correct completion, all fields of the document were evaluated, except for fields I (reserved for civil registries), V (stillbirth or death under age of one year), and VIII (external causes/violent death). Each field was analyzed regarding the following parameters: incomplete fields, fields left blank, illegibility, and incorrect completions. RESULTS: Based on the data collected, very high rates of errors in completion were observed; 98.7% of the certificates had at least one mistake. The most remarkable and important mistakes were found in field VI, intended for the cause of death, with a frequency of error of 71.5%, especially due to vagueness. CONCLUSION: The very high rates of poorly completed medical certificates of death highlights a significant failure in the medical schools' curriculum, as well as a lack of continuing medical education programs addressing such topic of paramount importance. The results demonstrated neglect or lack of knowledge on the pathophysiology of diseases by physicians.