RESUMEN
Chemical datasets describing the occurrence of both inorganic and organic contaminants along the Doce River Basin (DRB) could provide a better understanding of the potential impacts of a major mining dam collapse disaster combined to additional chronic sources of contamination. This data article presents datasets of main contaminants detected in the water and sediments sampled four years after the mining dam collapse in the DRB. A summary table of data obtained in the literature is also provided to allow a comparison of the variation of chemicals before, right after in 2015/2016 and after the event (current data). In addition, there are also provided physical-chemical parameters of water and sediments of different sampling sites, which could support the investigation of chemicals distribution. For this purpose, triplicate samples of water and sediment were obtained in 8 sampling sites along the DRB during wet and dry seasons of 2019, totalizing 48 samples of each environmental matrix. The sampling sites were strategically selected according to their different main sources of pollution along the river. Concentrations of trace elements and organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pyrethroids) were determined in samples of water and sediments by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry GC-MS, respectively. Main data obtained in the literature consisted in published reports from environmental agencies (IGAM) and private companies (RENOVA) as well as journal articles. The datasets provided may be useful to the stakeholders, which include scientific community, authorities and public agencies, and private companies interested to understand the impacts of the contaminants introduced along the River Basin four years after the environmental disaster.
Asunto(s)
Pared Abdominal , Hernia Abdominal , Hernia Ventral , Hernia Incisional , Pared Abdominal/cirugía , Hernia Abdominal/etiología , Hernia Abdominal/cirugía , Hernia Ventral/etiología , Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Herniorrafia/efectos adversos , Humanos , Hernia Incisional/etiología , Hernia Incisional/cirugía , Mallas Quirúrgicas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces an intense inflammatory response, mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and its membrane receptor (IL-6R), which activates important signaling pathways in the development of gastric disease and cancer. We investigated the gene and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-6R and the influence of polymorphisms rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797 on its gene expression together with H. pylori infection. Furthermore, an in-silico analysis was performed to support our results. Gastric biopsies were obtained from patients with gastric symptoms and patients with gastric cancer (GC) and were divided into groups (Control, Gastritis, and Cancer). H. pylori was detected by PCR. Real-time-qPCR was employed to determine gene expression, and western blot assay was used to analyze protein expression levels. PCR-RFLP was used to characterize IL-6 polymorphisms. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and GEO2R to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). H. pylori was detected in 43.3% of the samples. Statistically significant differences were found for IL-6 (P=0.0001) and IL-6R (P=0.0005) genes among the three groups, regardless of the presence of H. pylori. Among patients with H. pylori infection, the IL-6 and IL-6R gene and protein expressions were significantly increased, highlighting IL-6 gene overexpression in patients with GC. No statistically significant differences were found for the rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797 polymorphisms compared to IL-6 gene expression. The results indicated that the IL-6 polymorphisms do not influence its expression, but IL-6 and IL-6R expression seems to be altered by the presence of H. pylori.
Asunto(s)
Gastritis , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Interleucina-6/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas , Mucosa Gástrica , Gastritis/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-8 , Neoplasias Gástricas/genéticaRESUMEN
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is one of the main pests of fruit, worldwide, and the use of population suppression method with low environmental impact is an increasingly strong requirement of the consumer market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral and natural films on the physical-chemical properties of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), cultivar Itália, and oviposition behaviour of C. capitata. Fruits were immersed in suspensions (100 and 200 g L-1) of mineral (kaolin Surround®WP, kaolin 607, kaolin 608, kaolin 611 and talc) and natural films (chitosan, cassava starch, potato starch and guar gum 5.0 g L-1) and distilled water (control). After drying, fruits were exposed to C. capitata pairs of males and females for 24 h in choice and non-choice tests; the number of punctures with and without eggs, eggs per fruit and behavioural response of fly to treated and untreated fruits were recorded. Results obtained in this study are promising, given the scientific evidence that films of mineral particles such as kaolin (Surround®, 607, 608 and 611) changed the firmness, luminosity, chroma and hue angle of grapes and reduced the oviposition of C. capitata. In addition, our results also showed that natural polymers do not deter C. capitata females, but rather seem to stimulate oviposition.
Asunto(s)
Ceratitis capitata/fisiología , Películas Cinematográficas , Oviposición , Vitis , Animales , Femenino , Frutas , Caolín , Masculino , Polímeros , TalcoRESUMEN
The goal of this study was to measure food insecurity among families with children in a low-income district of Lima, Peru and to identify the formal and informal food resources available to them that may affect their food security status. In June-July 2019, we collected data from 329 randomly selected households in Villa El Salvador (Lima, Peru). Following a mixed methods approach, we found that the percentage of households using food assistance programs (FAPs) increased with increasing levels of food insecurity, but two FAPs were heavily used by households regardless of food (in)security. The main reasons for using FAPs included financial need, already being signed up in the program, and believing that the food was of nutritional value; the main reasons for non-use were finding the program unnecessary, dislike or poor perceived quality of the food, and not being able to sign up for the program. Similarly, informal food resources, such as buying food on credit or receiving food from someone outside the household, were incrementally used with increased levels of food insecurity. Our study clarifies the relationship between level of household food insecurity and FAP use - FAPs more commonly used by food insecure households were used because of financial need, whereas the FAPs most commonly used by food secure households were those with automatic enrollment. At a programmatic level, our research highlights the need for making nutritious and preferred foods available in FAPs and standardizing the application of enrollment criteria.
Asunto(s)
Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Pobreza , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Inseguridad Alimentaria , Humanos , PerúRESUMEN
Diagnosing Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis is challenging for veterinarians given that its hematological and biochemical abnormalities greatly resemble those of other illnesses of dogs, such as canine ehrlichiosis, which is caused by Ehrlichia canis and is highly prevalent with high pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to determine occurrences of serological positivity for the antigens of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum and its relationship to globulin concentrations in samples from dogs. Out of 93 samples tested, 12.9% were negative for the antigens of both L. infantum and E. canis; 33.3% were seropositive for both antigens. Discordant results were found from 18.3% that were positive only for L. infantum, while 35.5% were positive only for E. canis. Hyperglobulinemia was observed in 88.2% and the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the high levels of globulins and seropositivity for the antigen of E. canis. However, the relationship between positivity for the antigen of L. infantum and hyperglobulinemia, showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the two laboratory findings. From these results, it can be concluded that concomitant infections occur frequently and that hyperglobulinemia is more closely related to ehrlichiosis than to leishmaniosis, in dogs.(AU)
O diagnóstico da leishmaniose canina é um desafio ao Médico Veterinário visto que anormalidades hematológicas e bioquímicas muito se assemelham à outras enfermidades dos cães, como a erliquiose canina, causada pela Ehrlichia canis, muito prevalente e de alta patogenicidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a positividade sorológica frente aos antígenos de Ehrlichia canis e Leishmania infantum e a sua relação com as concentrações de globulinas em amostras de cães. Das 93 amostras testadas, 12,9% foram negativas frente aos antígenos de E. canis e L. infantum e 33% foram soropositivas. Resultados discordantes foram encontradas em 18,3% positivas apenas para L. infantum, enquanto que 35,5% reagiram apenas frente a E. canis. Hiperglobulinemia foi observada em 88,2% das amostras e a análise estatística mostrou haver relação significante entre a soropositividade frente aos antígenos de E. canis e a hiperglobulinemia, e em contrapartida, a relação entre esse aumento de globulinas e a positividade para L. infantum foi insignificante. Pelos resultados apresentados, pode-se concluir que as infecções concomitantes são frequentes e que a hiperglobulinemia está mais intimamente relacionada a erliquiose quando comparada à leishmaniose em cães.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Biomarcadores , Suero , Leishmaniasis/diagnóstico , Ehrlichiosis/diagnóstico , Perros/sangre , Perros/microbiología , Ehrlichia canis/patogenicidad , Leishmania infantum/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Diagnosing Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis is challenging for veterinarians given that its hematological and biochemical abnormalities greatly resemble those of other illnesses of dogs, such as canine ehrlichiosis, which is caused by Ehrlichia canis and is highly prevalent with high pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to determine occurrences of serological positivity for the antigens of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum and its relationship to globulin concentrations in samples from dogs. Out of 93 samples tested, 12.9% were negative for the antigens of both L. infantum and E. canis; 33.3% were seropositive for both antigens. Discordant results were found from 18.3% that were positive only for L. infantum, while 35.5% were positive only for E. canis. Hyperglobulinemia was observed in 88.2% and the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the high levels of globulins and seropositivity for the antigen of E. canis. However, the relationship between positivity for the antigen of L. infantum and hyperglobulinemia, showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the two laboratory findings. From these results, it can be concluded that concomitant infections occur frequently and that hyperglobulinemia is more closely related to ehrlichiosis than to leishmaniosis, in dogs.
RESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces an intense inflammatory response, mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and its membrane receptor (IL-6R), which activates important signaling pathways in the development of gastric disease and cancer. We investigated the gene and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-6R and the influence of polymorphisms rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797 on its gene expression together with H. pylori infection. Furthermore, an in-silico analysis was performed to support our results. Gastric biopsies were obtained from patients with gastric symptoms and patients with gastric cancer (GC) and were divided into groups (Control, Gastritis, and Cancer). H. pylori was detected by PCR. Real-time-qPCR was employed to determine gene expression, and western blot assay was used to analyze protein expression levels. PCR-RFLP was used to characterize IL-6 polymorphisms. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and GEO2R to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). H. pylori was detected in 43.3% of the samples. Statistically significant differences were found for IL-6 (P=0.0001) and IL-6R (P=0.0005) genes among the three groups, regardless of the presence of H. pylori. Among patients with H. pylori infection, the IL-6 and IL-6R gene and protein expressions were significantly increased, highlighting IL-6 gene overexpression in patients with GC. No statistically significant differences were found for the rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797 polymorphisms compared to IL-6 gene expression. The results indicated that the IL-6 polymorphisms do not influence its expression, but IL-6 and IL-6R expression seems to be altered by the presence of H. pylori.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Helicobacter pylori , Infecciones por Helicobacter/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Gastritis/genética , Interleucina-8 , Mucosa GástricaRESUMEN
Diagnosing Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis is challenging for veterinarians given that its hematological and biochemical abnormalities greatly resemble those of other illnesses of dogs, such as canine ehrlichiosis, which is caused by Ehrlichia canis and is highly prevalent with high pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to determine occurrences of serological positivity for the antigens of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum and its relationship to globulin concentrations in samples from dogs. Out of 93 samples tested, 12.9% were negative for the antigens of both L. infantum and E. canis; 33.3% were seropositive for both antigens. Discordant results were found from 18.3% that were positive only for L. infantum, while 35.5% were positive only for E. canis. Hyperglobulinemia was observed in 88.2% and the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the high levels of globulins and seropositivity for the antigen of E. canis. However, the relationship between positivity for the antigen of L. infantum and hyperglobulinemia, showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the two laboratory findings. From these results, it can be concluded that concomitant infections occur frequently and that hyperglobulinemia is more closely related to ehrlichiosis than to leishmaniosis, in dogs.
O diagnóstico da leishmaniose canina é um desafio ao Médico Veterinário visto que anormalidades hematológicas e bioquímicas muito se assemelham à outras enfermidades dos cães, como a erliquiose canina, causada pela Ehrlichia canis, muito prevalente e de alta patogenicidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a positividade sorológica frente aos antígenos de Ehrlichia canis e Leishmania infantum e a sua relação com as concentrações de globulinas em amostras de cães. Das 93 amostras testadas, 12,9% foram negativas frente aos antígenos de E. canis e L. infantum e 33% foram soropositivas. Resultados discordantes foram encontradas em 18,3% positivas apenas para L. infantum, enquanto que 35,5% reagiram apenas frente a E. canis. Hiperglobulinemia foi observada em 88,2% das amostras e a análise estatística mostrou haver relação significante entre a soropositividade frente aos antígenos de E. canis e a hiperglobulinemia, e em contrapartida, a relação entre esse aumento de globulinas e a positividade para L. infantum foi insignificante. Pelos resultados apresentados, pode-se concluir que as infecções concomitantes são frequentes e que a hiperglobulinemia está mais intimamente relacionada a erliquiose quando comparada à leishmaniose em cães.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Biomarcadores , Perros/microbiología , Perros/sangre , Ehrlichiosis/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis/diagnóstico , Suero , Ehrlichia canis/patogenicidad , Leishmania infantum/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Abstract Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.
Resumo Apesar do potencial apresentado pela tecnologia de propagação mediada para a aquicultura e conservação de peixes Neotropicais, o pobre entendimento do sistema imune do hospedeiro pode resultar na rejeição e destruição do material do doador. Com isso, se fazem necessários o estudo e o desenvolvimento de métodos para análise tanto dos efeitos de drogas imunossupressoras quanto para a avaliação da imunocompatibilidade entre doadores e receptores. Logo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo aperfeiçoar um método para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em Astyanax altiparanae usando Saccharomyces cerevisiae marcado e avaliar seu perfil hematológico resultante da indução inflamatória. Para isso, S. cerevisiae foram marcados com vermelho Congo e injetados na cavidade celomática dos A. altiparanae na concentração de 2,5 x 106 células.mL-1. Peixes injetados com PBS e peixes não injetados foram mantidos como controle. Sangue foi colhido e a capacidade fagocítica e o índice fagocítico foram determinados após 1, 2, 3 e 6 horas após à injeção (hpi). A injeção de levedura estimulou a fagocitose com sucesso, com o melhor resultado atingido após 2 hpi. Ainda, foi observada uma alta rastreabilidade das leveduras fagocitadas e não fagocitadas sob microscopia óptica devido à marcação com vermelho Congo. O perfil hematológico foi similar ao observado usualmente em infecções recém-induzidas, indicando migração de linfócitos ao sítio inflamatório e aumento no número de fagócitos circulantes devido à resposta natural ao estímulo inflamatório. Como conclusão, nosso método foi eficiente para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em A. altiparanae e será uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação de eficácia de drogas imunossopressoras para esta espécie. Em adição, estes resultados podem contribuir para futuros estudos em imunocompetência em peixes, tanto em âmbito laboratorial quanto a campo.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Characidae , Hematología , Fagocitosis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , AcuiculturaRESUMEN
Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.
Asunto(s)
Characidae , Hematología , Animales , Acuicultura , Fagocitosis , Saccharomyces cerevisiaeRESUMEN
Objetivou-se avaliar in vitro a sensibilidade de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus aos acaricidas comercializados no município de Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brasil. Foram coletadas 400 partenóginas de R. (B.) microplus de bovinos naturalmente infestados, pertencentes a duas propriedades rurais. As partenóginas foram separadas em sete grupos homogêneos de 10 indivíduos cada, para análise dos perfis de sensibilidade ao diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5%, cipermetrina 15%, cipermetrina 20%, amitraz 12,5%, deltametrina 2,5% e fipronil 1% e o grupo controle. Foram adotados o Teste de Imersão de Adultos (TIA) e o Teste de Imersão de Larvas (TIL). Para cada grupo de 10 partenóginas foi determinado, o índice de produção de ovos, a eficiência reprodutiva e a eficiência do produto. Na propriedade 1 o produto com ação mais rápida sobre as partenóginas foi o fipronil 1%, que matou 70% (7/10) delas em menos de três dias, tendo também inibido a postura dos ovos nas sobreviventes. Enquanto na propriedade 2, a mortalidade das partenóginas só iniciaram a partir do terceiro dia com o uso do amitraz 12,5%, com 50% (5/10) de morte no vigésimo dia, porém nas partenóginas sobreviventes não houve inibição de postura. Na propriedade 1 a cipermetrina 20% e o amitraz 12,5%, inibiram 100% da eclosão dos ovos e a associação de diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5% obteve 98% de eficiência de produto. No entanto,
RESUMEN
Objetivou-se avaliar in vitro a sensibilidade de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus aos acaricidas comercializados no município de Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brasil. Foram coletadas 400 partenóginas de R. (B.) microplus de bovinos naturalmente infestados, pertencentes a duas propriedades rurais. As partenóginas foram separadas em sete grupos homogêneos de 10 indivíduos cada, para análise dos perfis de sensibilidade ao diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5%, cipermetrina 15%, cipermetrina 20%, amitraz 12,5%, deltametrina 2,5% e fipronil 1% e o grupo controle. Foram adotados o Teste de Imersão de Adultos (TIA) e o Teste de Imersão de Larvas (TIL). Para cada grupo de 10 partenóginas foi determinado, o índice de produção de ovos, a eficiência reprodutiva e a eficiência do produto. Na propriedade 1 o produto com ação mais rápida sobre as partenóginas foi o fipronil 1%, que matou 70% (7/10) delas em menos de três dias, tendo também inibido a postura dos ovos nas sobreviventes. Enquanto na propriedade 2, a mortalidade das partenóginas só iniciaram a partir do terceiro dia com o uso do amitraz 12,5%, com 50% (5/10) de morte no vigésimo dia, porém nas partenóginas sobreviventes não houve inibição de postura. Na propriedade 1 a cipermetrina 20% e o amitraz 12,5%, inibiram 100% da eclosão dos ovos e a associação de diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5% obteve 98% de eficiência de produto. No entanto, na propriedade 2 não houve inibição de eclosão em nenhum grupo teste e a eficiência do produto, de 44,49% com amitraz 12,5% foi o maior, não se mostrando, mesmo assim, eficiente, dentro das normas vigentes. Quanto ao TIL, na propriedade 1, diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5% matou 100% das larvas e na propriedade 2 esse resultado foi observado com o fipronil 1%. Esses primeiros resultados reforçam a necessidade de controle estratégico do carrapato e o uso constante de bioensaios - testes laboratoriais de eficácia de acaricida, antes da prescrição, sobretudo no ambiente amazônico.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sensitivity of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to acaricides sold in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brazil. The 400 R. (B.) microplus female ticks were collected from naturally infested cattle, belonging to two rural properties. The ticks were separated into seven homogeneous groups of 10 individuals each, to analyze the sensitivity profiles to dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5%, cypermethrin 15%, cypermethrin 20%, amitraz 12.5%, deltamethrin 2.5% and fipronil 1 % and the control group. The Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and the Larvae Immersion Test (LIT) were adopted. For each group of 10 ticks, the egg production index, reproductive efficiency and product efficiency were determined. At property 1, the product with the fastest action on ticks was fipronil 1%, which killed 70% (7/10) of them in less than three days, and also inhibited the laying of eggs on survivors. While on property 2, the mortality of the ticks only started from the third day with the use of amitraz 12.5%, with 50% (5/10) of death on the twentieth day, however, in the surviving ticks, there was no posture inhibition. In property 1, cypermethrin 20% and amitraz 12.5% inhibited 100% of the eggs hatching and the association of dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5% obtained 98% product efficiency. However, in property 2 there was no hatching inhibition in any test group and the product's efficiency, of 44.49% with amitraz 12.5%, was the highest, not even being efficient, within the current rules. As for LIT, in property 1, dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5% killed 100% of the larvae and in property 2 this result was observed with fipronil 1%. These first results reinforce the need for strategic control of the tick and the constant use of bioassays - laboratory tests for the effectiveness of acaricide, before prescription, especially in the Amazonian environment.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Técnicas In Vitro , Rhipicephalus/efectos de los fármacos , Acaricidas/administración & dosificación , GarrapatasRESUMEN
Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.(AU)
Apesar do potencial apresentado pela tecnologia de propagação mediada para a aquicultura e conservação de peixes Neotropicais, o pobre entendimento do sistema imune do hospedeiro pode resultar na rejeição e destruição do material do doador. Com isso, se fazem necessários o estudo e o desenvolvimento de métodos para análise tanto dos efeitos de drogas imunossupressoras quanto para a avaliação da imunocompatibilidade entre doadores e receptores. Logo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo aperfeiçoar um método para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em Astyanax altiparanae usando Saccharomyces cerevisiae marcado e avaliar seu perfil hematológico resultante da indução inflamatória. Para isso, S. cerevisiae foram marcados com vermelho Congo e injetados na cavidade celomática dos A. altiparanae na concentração de 2,5 x 106 células.mL-1. Peixes injetados com PBS e peixes não injetados foram mantidos como controle. Sangue foi colhido e a capacidade fagocítica e o índice fagocítico foram determinados após 1, 2, 3 e 6 horas após à injeção (hpi). A injeção de levedura estimulou a fagocitose com sucesso, com o melhor resultado atingido após 2 hpi. Ainda, foi observada uma alta rastreabilidade das leveduras fagocitadas e não fagocitadas sob microscopia óptica devido à marcação com vermelho Congo. O perfil hematológico foi similar ao observado usualmente em infecções recém-induzidas, indicando migração de linfócitos ao sítio inflamatório e aumento no número de fagócitos circulantes devido à resposta natural ao estímulo inflamatório. Como conclusão, nosso método foi eficiente para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em A. altiparanae e será uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação de eficácia de drogas imunossopressoras para esta espécie. Em adição, estes resultados podem contribuir para futuros estudos em imunocompetência em peixes, tanto em âmbito laboratorial quanto a campo.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Peces/sangre , Peces/inmunología , Fagocitosis , Characiformes/sangre , Characiformes/inmunología , Inmunidad MucosaRESUMEN
Objetivou-se avaliar in vitro a sensibilidade de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus aos acaricidas comercializados no município de Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brasil. Foram coletadas 400 partenóginas de R. (B.) microplus de bovinos naturalmente infestados, pertencentes a duas propriedades rurais. As partenóginas foram separadas em sete grupos homogêneos de 10 indivíduos cada, para análise dos perfis de sensibilidade ao diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5%, cipermetrina 15%, cipermetrina 20%, amitraz 12,5%, deltametrina 2,5% e fipronil 1% e o grupo controle. Foram adotados o Teste de Imersão de Adultos (TIA) e o Teste de Imersão de Larvas (TIL). Para cada grupo de 10 partenóginas foi determinado, o índice de produção de ovos, a eficiência reprodutiva e a eficiência do produto. Na propriedade 1 o produto com ação mais rápida sobre as partenóginas foi o fipronil 1%, que matou 70% (7/10) delas em menos de três dias, tendo também inibido a postura dos ovos nas sobreviventes. Enquanto na propriedade 2, a mortalidade das partenóginas só iniciaram a partir do terceiro dia com o uso do amitraz 12,5%, com 50% (5/10) de morte no vigésimo dia, porém nas partenóginas sobreviventes não houve inibição de postura. Na propriedade 1 a cipermetrina 20% e o amitraz 12,5%, inibiram 100% da eclosão dos ovos e a associação de diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5% obteve 98% de eficiência de produto. No entanto, na propriedade 2 não houve inibição de eclosão em nenhum grupo teste e a eficiência do produto, de 44,49% com amitraz 12,5% foi o maior, não se mostrando, mesmo assim, eficiente, dentro das normas vigentes. Quanto ao TIL, na propriedade 1, diclorvós 45% + cipermetrina 5% matou 100% das larvas e na propriedade 2 esse resultado foi observado com o fipronil 1%. Esses primeiros resultados reforçam a necessidade de controle estratégico do carrapato e o uso constante de bioensaios - testes laboratoriais de eficácia de acaricida, antes da prescrição, sobretudo no ambiente amazônico.
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sensitivity of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to acaricides sold in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brazil. The 400 R. (B.) microplus female ticks were collected from naturally infested cattle, belonging to two rural properties. The ticks were separated into seven homogeneous groups of 10 individuals each, to analyze the sensitivity profiles to dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5%, cypermethrin 15%, cypermethrin 20%, amitraz 12.5%, deltamethrin 2.5% and fipronil 1 % and the control group. The Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and the Larvae Immersion Test (LIT) were adopted. For each group of 10 ticks, the egg production index, reproductive efficiency and product efficiency were determined. At property 1, the product with the fastest action on ticks was fipronil 1%, which killed 70% (7/10) of them in less than three days, and also inhibited the laying of eggs on survivors. While on property 2, the mortality of the ticks only started from the third day with the use of amitraz 12.5%, with 50% (5/10) of death on the twentieth day, however, in the surviving ticks, there was no posture inhibition. In property 1, cypermethrin 20% and amitraz 12.5% inhibited 100% of the eggs hatching and the association of dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5% obtained 98% product efficiency. However, in property 2 there was no hatching inhibition in any test group and the product's efficiency, of 44.49% with amitraz 12.5%, was the highest, not even being efficient, within the current rules. As for LIT, in property 1, dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5% killed 100% of the larvae and in property 2 this result was observed with fipronil 1%. These first results reinforce the need for strategic control of the tick and the constant use of bioassays - laboratory tests for the effectiveness of acaricide, before prescription, especially in the Amazonian environment.
Asunto(s)
Acaricidas/administración & dosificación , Garrapatas , Rhipicephalus/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to examine whether adolescents' road safety perception (RSP) acts as a mediator on the association between the distance from home to the nearest park and the use of the parks for physical activity (PA). STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: The evaluation was through a random sample of 1130 adolescents (534 male), corresponding to 47.3%, 14-20 years old, from Porto Alegre, Brazil. RSP was assessed through some questions of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth. Park use, socioeconomic status, age, and sex were measured using a questionnaire. Distance from home to the nearest park was evaluated through geographic information system. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, and linear regression models were fitted as per the Baron and Kenny procedures for mediation analyses. All analyses were adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Road safety perception is independently associated with less distance from home to the nearest park (P = 0.04) and use of the parks for PA (P = 0.02). Road safety perception is a mediator and explains 16% of the association between park use and distance from home to the park (indirect Effect = -40.9966; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 119.3733-2.2455). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that RSP is a mediator on the association between the distance from home to the nearest park and the use of the parks for PA. Future studies should take this into consideration frequency and intensity of PA and other environmental characteristics, such as crime, aesthetics, and neighborhood facilities.
Asunto(s)
Planificación Ambiental/estadística & datos numéricos , Ejercicio Físico , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Percepción , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Seguridad , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Abstract Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.
Resumo Apesar do potencial apresentado pela tecnologia de propagação mediada para a aquicultura e conservação de peixes Neotropicais, o pobre entendimento do sistema imune do hospedeiro pode resultar na rejeição e destruição do material do doador. Com isso, se fazem necessários o estudo e o desenvolvimento de métodos para análise tanto dos efeitos de drogas imunossupressoras quanto para a avaliação da imunocompatibilidade entre doadores e receptores. Logo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo aperfeiçoar um método para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em Astyanax altiparanae usando Saccharomyces cerevisiae marcado e avaliar seu perfil hematológico resultante da indução inflamatória. Para isso, S. cerevisiae foram marcados com vermelho Congo e injetados na cavidade celomática dos A. altiparanae na concentração de 2,5 x 106 células.mL-1. Peixes injetados com PBS e peixes não injetados foram mantidos como controle. Sangue foi colhido e a capacidade fagocítica e o índice fagocítico foram determinados após 1, 2, 3 e 6 horas após à injeção (hpi). A injeção de levedura estimulou a fagocitose com sucesso, com o melhor resultado atingido após 2 hpi. Ainda, foi observada uma alta rastreabilidade das leveduras fagocitadas e não fagocitadas sob microscopia óptica devido à marcação com vermelho Congo. O perfil hematológico foi similar ao observado usualmente em infecções recém-induzidas, indicando migração de linfócitos ao sítio inflamatório e aumento no número de fagócitos circulantes devido à resposta natural ao estímulo inflamatório. Como conclusão, nosso método foi eficiente para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em A. altiparanae e será uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação de eficácia de drogas imunossopressoras para esta espécie. Em adição, estes resultados podem contribuir para futuros estudos em imunocompetência em peixes, tanto em âmbito laboratorial quanto a campo.