Effect of Water Absorption and Stacking Sequences on the Tensile Properties and Damage Mechanisms of Hybrid Polyester/Glass/Jute Composites.

The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of polyester/glass fiber/jute fiber hybrid composites obtained using the compression molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) techniques with different stacking sequences. For this purpose, the mechanical behavior under tensile stress of the samples was evaluated before and after hygrothermal aging at different temperatures: TA, 50 °C, and 70 °C for a period of 696 h. The damage mechanism after the mechanical tests was evaluated using SEM analysis. The results showed a tendency for the mechanical properties of the composites to decrease with exposure to an aqueous ambient, regardless of the molding technique used to conform the composites. It was also observed that the stacking sequence had no significant influence on the dry composites. However, exposure to the aqueous ambient led to a reduction in mechanical properties, both for the molding technique and the stacking sequence. Damage such as delamination, fiber pull-out, fiber/matrix detachment, voids, and matrix removal were observed in the composites in the SEM analyses.

Effects of gear modifications in a North Atlantic pelagic longline fishery: A multiyear study.

The threat of population declines caused by pelagic longline fisheries in the Atlantic has increased the concern to find strategies that minimize the bycatch and mortality of non-target marine animals. Gear modification, such as the use of circle hooks instead of conventional J-hooks, has been identified as an effective bycatch reduction strategy in different pelagic longline fisheries around the world. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the use of circle hooks by quantifying catch rates, relative size selectivity, and anatomical hooking position for the most common target species (swordfish, Xiphias gladius, and blue shark, Prionace glauca), and some bycatch species (loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, and shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus) caught by the Azorean longline fishing fleet. The trial was conducted for five consecutive years (2000-2004) using eight different types of hooks. In general, the blue shark catches using circle hooks were significantly higher compared to J (Mustad 9/0). The circle hooks also showed high probabilities of catching juvenile blue sharks. Conversely, the circle hooks were efficient in reducing the loggerhead sea turtle bycatch and were related to fewer catches of small sea turtle individuals. The use of circle hooks was also associated with reduced swordfish catches compared to J (Mustad 9/0), and the effect of hook types on length at capture was only significant for Circle (L. & P. 18/0-CLP18) and Ringed Tuna (RT). No significant differences were observed comparing hook type to either catch rates or size selectivity for shortfin mako. Additionally, circle hooks were more likely to lodge in the mouth than in deeper anatomical positions, when compared to J (Mustad 9/0), for the four species analysed. The present study demonstrated that the use of circle hooks could mitigate the impact of the pelagic longline fisheries in the Azores by decreasing the bycatch of sea turtles and reducing animal injuries caused by deep hooking.

Combat Time in International Male Judo Competitions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to synthesize literature data on male judo combat time in international competitions between 2010 and 2019. The search was carried out from May 8th to June 11th, 2021, in electronic databases using the following keywords: ("technical-tactical" OR "time motion" OR "combat time") AND ("judo" OR "combat sports" OR "martial arts"). After the selection process, 8 articles were included in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis. These studies analyzed 2,562 international male judo combats over the years 2010-2019. We observed that the average male judo combat time changed (2010 = 202.8; 2011-2012 = 304.8; 2016 = 237.4; 2018-2019 = 189.8 s) after each rule change (2010, 2013, 2017, and 2018). There was a significant difference between combats that ended up to the regular time and those that needed overtime (Golden Score: 2013 = 3% vs. 2018-2019 = 21%; p = 0.03). There were differences between 60 kg (p ≤ 0.019) and + 100 kg (p ≤ 0.04) categories and the others in 2011-2012. However, no significant difference was found between the combat time by weight division after the 2017 rule changes, although there are still differences in relation to the end of the combats (p < 0.001). There were significant changes in the male judo combat time with each rule change (2010, 2013, 2017, and 2018), and the data from the included studies point to a trend of homogeneity in the combat time spent between the weight divisions over the years, and an increase in the occurrence of Golden Score. More studies need to be carried out to identify the new temporal behaviors of athletes.

Bioactivity and composition of lipophilic metabolites extracted from Antarctic macroalgae.

Macroalgae comprise a vast group of aquatic organisms known for their richness in phytochemicals. In this sense, the lipophilic profile of five Antarctic seaweed species was characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis and their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential was evaluated. Results showed there were 31 lipophilic substances, mainly fatty acids (48.73 ± 0.77 to 331.91 ± 10.79 mg.Kg-1), sterols (14.74 ± 0.74 to 321.25 ± 30.13 mg.Kg-1), and alcohols (13.07 ± 0.04 to 91.87 ± 30.07 mg.Kg-1). Moreover, Desmarestia confervoides had strong antioxidant activity, inhibiting 86.03 ± 1.47% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical at 1 mg.mL-1. Antimicrobial evaluation showed that extracts from Ulva intestinalis, Curdiea racovitzae, and Adenocystis utricularis inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) from concentrations of 1.5 to 6 mg.mL-1. Therefore, the evaluated brown, red, and green macroalgae contained several phytochemicals with promising biological activities that could be applied in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and food industries.

Analytical approaches applied to the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids.

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) comprise a class of synthetic androgens resulting from chemical modifications of testosterone, known for their illicit consumption, which can result inextensive side effects. Extraction procedures applied to the analysis of their formulations are still limited to a few methodologies, despite the increasing numbers of confiscations of AASs. In this sense, the aims of this work were to evaluate the extraction of active ingredients from formulations of anabolic agents using solid-liquid or liquid-iquid, ultrasonic bath, ultrasonicprobe, and microwave-assisted extraction. The results indicated that the extraction procedures influenced the detected concentration of AASs, as the use of ultrasonic probe and microwave irradiation increased the overall extraction of anabolic agents compared with solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, and ultrasonic bath. Regarding oxymetholone, for instance, the microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic probe extracted, respectively, 37.46 ± 1.36 and 35.69 ± 0.98 mg/tablet, while solid-liquid extracted 29.63 ± 0.40 mg/tablet of the activeingredient. Therefore, alternative methods such as microwave-assisted extraction or theultrasonic probe could be used for the analysis of formulations of AASs assisting with the identification of illicit and toxic components.

Synthesis and characterization of monoacylglycerols through glycerolysis of ethyl esters derived from linseed oil by green processes.

The synthesis of monoacylglycerol (MAG) through the glycerolysis of ethyl ester mixture (biodiesel) was investigated in this study from linseed oil, low-cost alternative feedstock, using an alkaline catalyst with green reagent. The transesterification double step process (TDSP), reaction with ethanol to ethyl esters yielded 97%. In the glycerolysis reaction, the optimum operating condition was in a temperature of 130 °C with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 1 : 5 biodiesel-glycerol and 12 h reaction time, in open reactor. The reaction conditions showed an interesting conversion and monoacylglycerol yield of 98% and 76%, respectively. The determination and characterization of reaction products was carried out by Gas Chromatography (GC) method, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR).

Stress Intensity Factor of Semielliptical Surface Crack in Internally Pressurized Hollow Cylinder-A Comparison between BS 7910 and API 579/ASME FFS-1 Solutions.

The purpose of this research is to compare both British standard BS 7910 (2013) and American standard API 579/ASME FFS-1 (2016) stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions by considering a series of semielliptical surface cracks located in the external surface of a pressurized hollow cylinder in the axial direction. Finite element analysis was used as a comparison basis for both standards' SIF results. The solution from the British standard provided consistent results compared to Finite Element (FE) results for crack depth not much higher than half the thickness in the deepest and surface-breaking points. Above those limits, the British standard's solutions diverged quite a lot from the American standard, whose results followed FE values for every crack depth/thickness ratio tested with a maximum percentage difference of 1.83%.

Microwave-assisted extraction and differential scanning calorimetry in the chemical identification of sliming agents apprehended in the south region of Brazil.

Over the past decades, consume of slimming agents considerably increased in several countries, including Brazil, due to weight-loss and stimulant properties. Since these drugs are controlled to prevent illicit and indiscriminate use, there is a parallel illegal market that uses the Internet and irregular pharmacies in order to distribute these formulations. Slimming agents produced by these illegal sources are known for being manufactured with little or none quality control resulting in uncertain and unknown formulations. For forensic purposes, apprehended pharmaceuticals have to undergo a process of chemical identification that can be difficult due to its complex matrix. In this sense, application of assisted energies in the extraction step such as microwave irradiation can be a promising method to increase the recuperation of the target molecules of the sample. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify four slimming agents apprehended in Brazil by means of visual inspection, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. Moreover, the efficiency of solid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction was compared. It should be noted that our work was one of the few to use Differential Scanning Calorimetry and the application of microwave irradiation in the analysis of apprehended materials. Results showed that the majority of the samples was counterfeit being composed of one or several adulterants or contaminants. Initially, visual inspection resourcefully screened the slimming agents for possible signs of falsification, however it failed to detect fraudulent products that were very similar to veridical medicines. Sequentially, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy detected functional groups present in the samples while the presence or absence of the alleged active ingredients were successfully measured with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and, thus, providing a full chemical screening of the apprehended materials. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry confirmed the presence of adulterants such as caffeine, fluoxetine and phenolphthalein as well as contaminants such as sulfurol in the falsified samples. Finally, comparison of extraction procedures indicated that microwave-assisted extraction increased the recovery of compounds detected in chromatographic analysis to a greater extent than solid-liquid extraction.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Reservoir Water Surfaces: A New Global Synthesis.

Collectively, reservoirs created by dams are thought to be an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere. So far, efforts to quantify, model, and manage these emissions have been limited by data availability and inconsistencies in methodological approach. Here, we synthesize reservoir CH4, CO2, and N2O emission data with three main objectives: (1) to generate a global estimate of GHG emissions from reservoirs, (2) to identify the best predictors of these emissions, and (3) to consider the effect of methodology on emission estimates. We estimate that GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces account for 0.8 (0.5-1.2) Pg CO2 equivalents per year, with the majority of this forcing due to CH4. We then discuss the potential for several alternative pathways such as dam degassing and downstream emissions to contribute significantly to overall emissions. Although prior studies have linked reservoir GHG emissions to reservoir age and latitude, we find that factors related to reservoir productivity are better predictors of emission.

Nitrous Oxide and Methane Fluxes Following Ammonium Sulfate and Vinasse Application on Sugar Cane Soil.

This study aimed to quantify nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emission/sink response from sugar cane soil treated with fertilizer nitrogen (N) and vinasse applied separately or in sequence, the latter being investigated with regard to the time interval between applications for a possible effect on emissions. The study was carried out in a traditional area of unburned sugar cane in São Paulo state, Brazil. Two levels of N fertilization (0 and 100 kg N ha(-1)) with no added vinasse and combined with vinasse additions at different times (100 m(-3) ha(-1) at 3 and 15 days after N fertilization) were evaluated. Methane and N2O fluxes were monitored for 211 days. On average, the soil was a sink for CH4, which was not affected by the treatments. Emissions of N2O were induced by N fertilizer and vinasse applications. For ammonium sulfate, 0.6% of the added N was emitted as N2O, while for vinasse, this ranged from 1.0 to 2.2%. Changes in N2O fluxes were detected the day after application of vinasse on the N fertilized areas, but although the emission factor (EF) was 34% greater, the EF was not significantly different from fertilizer N alone. Nevertheless, we recommend to not apply vinasse after N fertilization to avoid boosting N2O emissions.

Bradyrhizobium ingae sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Inga laurina grown in Cerrado soil.

Root-nodule bacteria were isolated from Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. growing in the Cerrado Amazon region, State of Roraima, Brazil. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of six strains (BR 10250(T), BR 10248, BR 10249, BR 10251, BR 10252 and BR 10253) showed low similarities with currently described species of the genus Bradyrhizobium. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of five housekeeping genes (dnaK, glnII, gyrB, recA and rpoB) revealed Bradyrhizobium iriomotense EK05(T) to be the closest type strain (97.4% sequence similarity or less). Chemotaxonomic data, including fatty acid profiles [with the major components C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c/C18:1ω7c)], the slow growth rate and carbon compound utilization patterns supported the assignment of our strains to the genus Bradyrhizobium. Results from DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological traits differentiated our strains from the closest related species of the genus Bradyrhizobium with validly published names. Sequences of symbiosis-related genes for nodulation (nodC) and nitrogen fixation (nifH) grouped together with those of B. iriomotense EK05(T) and Bradyrhizobium sp. strains BR 6610 (used as a commercial inoculant for Inga marginata in Brazil) and TUXTLAS-10 (previously observed in Central America). Based on these data, the six strains represent a novel species, for which the name Bradyrhizobium ingae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR 10250(T) ( = HAMBI 3600(T)).

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of aliphatic acid esters at room temperature.

This work describes the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of saturated aliphatic esters from synthetic aliphatic acids and either methanol or ethanol. The products were isolated in good yields after short reaction times under mild conditions.

Cultivation of algae in photobioreator and obtention of biodiesel

In this work we described the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in a photobioreactor to algal biomass production. The dried biomass was used as feedstock for biodiesel production, it presented 26 percent lipids and via sonocatalysis stage of the methodology resulted in 60 percent of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The FAME content was confirmed by Gas Chromatography (GC).

[Simultaneous bilateral facial palsy]. / Parálisis facial bilateral simultánea.

Simultaneous bilateral facial palsy (SBFP) is an uncommon disorder that usually results from a systemic disease, with only a few cases diagnosed as Bell's Palsy. The most common causes of SBFP are head injuries, Bell's Palsy, Lyme disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, sarcoidosis and meningitis. We present a case of SBFP.

[The role of L-carnitine in nutritional status and echocardiographic parameters in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children]. / O papel da L-carnitina no estado nutricional e na evolução ecocardiográfica da cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática da infância.

OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition is an independent predictor of death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. An analysis was performed of the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on the nutritional status and echocardiogram parameters of children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: This was an open label cohort of 11 patients who received L-carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) plus the conventional medical treatment, compared with 40 controls, matched for gender and age. The L-carnitine group was weighed 118 times and the controls 264 times. Additionally, the L-carnitine group underwent 65 two-dimensional echocardiograms and the controls 144. Chi-square, Student's t test, Person correlation and ANOVA were calculated with alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: For the L-carnitine group: age at presentation = 3.82 years old, 72.7% (p = 0.033) were females younger than 2 years and 90.9% (p = 0.0001) were in functional classes III and IV. There were no deaths during this period. At presentation, no differences were observed in weight percentile (31.2+/-8.74 vs. 19.6+/-21.2) (p = 0.29) or z score (-0.68+/-1.05 vs. -1.16+/-0.89) (p = 0.24). Increases were observed in both the percentile (p = 0.026) and z score (p = 0.033) after the introduction of L-carnitine. At presentation, there were no differences in ejection fraction (54.9%+/-3.8 vs. 49.3%+/-6.6) (p = 0.19), but LV mass/BSA were greater in the L-carnitine group (169.12 g/m2+/-26.24 vs. 110.67 g/m2+/-15.62) (p = 0.0005). After the introduction of L-carnitine an increase in ejection fraction (48.3+/-7 to 67.2+/-7) (p = 0.044) was observed. LV mass/BSA decreased (164.29 g/m2+/-28.14 to 110.88 g/m2+/-28.88), but without significance (p = 0.089) CONCLUSION: In children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, supplementation of L-carnitine may be helpful for nutritional and echocardiographic improvement.

O papel da L-carnitina no estado nutricional e na evolução ecocardiográfica da cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática da infância / The role of L-carnitine in nutritional status and echocardiographic parameters in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children

OBJETIVO: A desnutrição é marcadora independente de óbito na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática. Foi analisada a repercussão da introdução da L-carnitina nos parâmetros nutricionais e ecocardiográficos em crianças com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo aberto de 11 crianças, comparadas com 40 controles, pareados para sexo e idade. Foi administrada L-carnitina oral (100 mg/kg/dia), além do tratamento padrão. Foram realizadas 118 pesagens no grupo L-carnitina e 264 nos controles, além de 65 ecocardiogramas no grupo L-carnitina e 144 nos controles. Análise estatística: qui-quadrado, teste t de Student, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson. Foi utilizado alfa = 0,05. RESULTADOS: Grupo L-carnitina: idade = 3,82 anos, 72,7 por cento (p = 0,033) menores de 2 anos e do sexo feminino, e 90,9 por cento (p = 0,001) em classe funcional III e IV. Não ocorreram óbitos no período. Não houve diferença no percentil de peso inicial (31,2±8,74 vs. 19,6±21,2) (p = 0,29) nem no índice z (-0,68±1,05 vs. -1,16±0,89) (p = 0,24). Ocorreu aumento do percentil (p = 0,026) e do índice z (p = 0,033) após a L-carnitina. Não houve diferença na fração de ejeção na apresentação (54,9 por cento±3,8 vs. 49,3 por cento±6,6) (p = 0,19), porém a massa VE/SC foi superior no grupo L-carnitina (169,12 g/m²±26,24 vs. 110,67 g/m²±15,62) (p = 0,0005). Após a L-carnitina, a ANOVA demonstrou aumento da fração de ejeção (48,3±7 para 67,2±7) (p = 0,044), e a massa do VE/SC foi reduzida (164,29g/m²±28,14 para 110,88g/m²±28,88), porém sem significância estatística (p = 0,089). CONCLUSÃO: Na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática na infância, a suplementação com L-carnitina pode auxiliar na recuperação nutricional e na melhora da fração de ejeção, facilitando a reversão do quadro de caquexia e da insuficiência cardíaca.

Synthesis of 4-aryl-2-pyrrolidones and beta-aryl-gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) analogues by Heck arylation of 3-pyrrolines with arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates. Synthesis of (+/-)-rolipram on a multigram scale and chromatographic resolution by semipreparative chiral simulated moving bed chromatography.

We report herein a new, practical, and economic synthesis of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Rolipram on a multigram scale as well as the synthesis of new 4-aryl pyrrolidones and beta-aryl-gamma-amino butyric acids (GABA derivatives) employing an efficient Heck-Matsuda arylation of 3-pyrroline with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates. Racemic Rolipram was resolved into its enantiomers using chiral simulated moving bed chromatography having the low-cost microcrystalline cellulose triacetate as a chiral stationary phase.

[The impact of malnutrition on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children]. / O impacto da desnutrição na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática na infância.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic value of malnutrition in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 165 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, diagnosed from September 1979 to March 2003. It analyzed the following variables: gender, age, previous viral illness in the preceding 3 months, functional class according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA), evaluation of nutritional status (normal vs. malnutrition), percentile and standard deviation (z index) of weight. Weight was measured 744 times during the first 72 months, 93 during the first month. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi Squared, Student t test and analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CI95) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. An alpha value of 0.05 and beta of 0.80 were used. RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 2.2+/-3.2 years with higher incidence in those younger than 2 years (75.8%-CI95 = 68.5% to 82.1%) (p < 0.0001). NYHA classes III and IV were observed in 81.2% (CI95 = 74.4% to 86.9%) (p < 0.0001) and all 40 deaths were this group (p = 0.0008). At presentation, myocarditis occurred in 39.4% (CI95 = 31.9% to 47.3%) (p = 0.0001) and a high level of association between myocarditis and previous viral illness was observed (p = 0.0005) (OR = 3.15-CI95 = 1.55 to 6.44). Malnutrition at presentation did not influence death (p = 0.10), however progressive malnutrition was a marker for death (p = 0.02) (OR = 3.21-CI95 = 1.04 to 9.95). No significant differences weight percentiles (p = 0.15) or in z scores (p = 0.14) were observed. Observed mean weight percentiles (34.9+/-32.6 vs. 8.6+/-16.0) (p < 0.0001) and z scores (-0.62+/-1.43 vs. -2.02+/-1.12) (p < 0.0001) during the study period were greater among survivors. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in weight percentile progression (p = 0.0417) and z scores (p = 0.0005) from the first month onwards. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of nutritional status is easy to perform, it does not imply additional costs and should become routine for children with chronic heart failure.

O impacto da desnutrição na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática na infância / The impact of malnutrition on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children

OBJETIVO: Determinar a importância da desnutrição como marcadora e preditora do óbito na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática na infância. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 165 pacientes (setembro de 1979 a março de 2003). As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade e história de infecção viral nos últimos 3 meses, classe funcional da New York Heart Association (NYHA), percentil e desvio padrão do peso (índice z) e avaliação do estado nutricional. Foram realizadas 744 pesagens nos primeiros 72 meses e 93 no primeiro mês de evolução. Análise estatística: qui-quadrado, teste t de Student e análise de variância. Foram utilizados o valor alfa de 0,05 e o valor beta de 0,80. RESULTADOS: A idade no diagnóstico foi de 2,1±3,2 anos, com maior incidência nos menores de 2 anos (75,8 por cento; IC95 = 68,5-82,1 por cento) (p < 0,0001). A classe funcional III e IV foi observada em 81,2 por cento (IC95 = 74,4-86,9 por cento) (p < 0,0001), tendo todos os 40 óbitos ocorrido neste grupo (p = 0,0008). Na apresentação, a miocardite ocorreu em 39,4 por cento (IC95 = 31,9-47,3 por cento) (p = 0,0001). Houve forte associação entre miocardite e doença viral prévia (p = 0,0005) (RC = 3,15; IC95 = 1,55-6,44). A desnutrição na apresentação não influenciou o óbito (p = 0,10), porém a desnutrição evolutiva foi marcadora de óbito (p = 0,02) (RC = 3,21; IC95 = 1,04-9,95). Não houve diferença significativa no percentil de peso (p = 0,15) ou no índice z (p = 0,14) na apresentação. A média do percentil de peso e do índice z foram superiores nos sobreviventes (34,9+32,6 versus 8,6+16,0 e -0,62+1,43 versus -2,02+1,12) (p < 0,0001). A análise de variância demonstrou diferença significativa na evolução para o percentil de peso (p = 0,0417) e para o índice z (p = 0,0005) desde o primeiro mês de evolução. CONCLUSAO: A avaliação do estado nutricional é de fácil execução, não implica ônus adicional e deve tornar-se rotina no seguimento do paciente com insuficiência cardíaca crônica.