Comparison between the acoustic fundamental frequency of the voice and the vibration frequency of the vocal folds analyzed by digital kymography. / Comparação entre a frequência fundamental acústica da voz e a frequência de vibração das pregas vocais analisada pela videoquimografia digital.

PURPOSE: To compare the frequency of vocal fold opening variation, analyzed by digital kymography, with the fundamental voice frequency obtained by acoustic analysis, in individuals without laryngeal alteration. METHODS: Observational analytical cross-sectional study. The participants were forty-eight women and 38 men from 18 to 55 years of age. The evaluation was made by voice acoustic analysis, by the habitual emission of the vowel /a/ for 3 seconds, and days of the week, and digital kymography (DKG), by the habitual emission of the vowels /i/ and /ɛ/. The measurements analyzed were acoustic fundamental frequency (f0), extracted by the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) program, and dominant frequency of the variation of right (R-freq) and left (L-freq) vocal fold opening, obtained through the KIPS image processing program. The mounting of the kymograms consisted in the manual demarcation of the region by vertical lines delimiting width and horizontal lines separating the posterior, middle and anterior thirds of the Rima glottidis. In the statistical analysis, the Anderson-Darling test was used to verify the normality of the sample. The ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed for the comparison of measurements between the groups. For the comparison of age between the groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. RESULTS: There are no differences between the values of the frequency measurement analyzed by digital kymography, with the acoustic fundamental frequency, in individuals without laryngeal alteration. CONCLUSION: The values of the dominant frequency of the vocal folds opening variation, as assessed by digital kymography, and the acoustic fundamental frequency of the voice are similar, allowing comparison between these measurements in the multidimensional evaluation of the voice, in individuals without laryngeal alteration.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a frequência da variação da abertura das pregas vocais, analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental da voz, obtida através da análise acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico transversal. Participaram 48 mulheres e 38 homens, de 18 a 55 anos. A avaliação foi composta por análise acústica da voz, obtida pela emissão habitual da vogal /a/ durante 3 segundos, e os dias da semana, e pela videoquimografia digital (DKG), obtida pela emissão habitual das vogais /i/ e /ɛ/. As medidas analisadas foram a frequência fundamental acústica (f0), extraída pelo programa Computerized Speech Lab (CSL), e a frequência dominante da variação de abertura da prega vocal direita (D-freq) e esquerda (E-freq), obtidas através do programa de processamento de imagens KIPS. A montagem dos quimogramas constou na demarcação manual da região, compostas por linhas verticais que delimitaram largura da prega vocal e linhas horizontais que marcaram os terços posterior, médio e anterior da rima glótica. Na análise estatística, o teste Anderson-Darling foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade da amostra. Os testes ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados para a comparação das medidas entre os grupos. Para a comparação da idade entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Não existem diferenças entre os valores da medida de frequência analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores da frequência dominante da variação de abertura das pregas vocais, avaliada pela videoquimografia digital, e a frequência fundamental acústica da voz são similares, permitindo uma comparação entre estas medidas na avaliação multidimensional da voz, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea.

Esporte e inclusão: um estudo sobre acessibilidade / Sport and inclusion: a study on accessibility

As atividades físicas, esportivas e de lazer podem configurar como uma importante ferramenta de inclusão social para as pessoas com deficiência, uma vez que as diferenças devem ser consideradas como formas positivas de ações que favorecem o convívio e o respeito com essas diferenças. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a acessibilidade arquitetônica e física, que contemplam as relações entre qualificação e funcionalidade das instalações esportivas públicas de Ourinhos-SP. Os resultados nos mostram que tais espaços apresentam barreiras significativas que restringem e impedem a participação das pessoas com deficiência nas atividades esportivas e de lazer. Podemos inferir que as políticas públicas de esporte e lazer nas instalações públicas municipais não promovem a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, inibindo a promoção da cidadania e construção de identidades pessoais e coletivas.

Physical, sports and leisure activities can be an important tool for social inclusion for people with disabilities, since differences must be considered as positive forms of actions that favor coexistence and respect for these differences. The objective of this research was to analyze the architectural and physical accessibility, which contemplate the relationship between qualification and functionality of public sports facilities in Ourinhos-SP. The results show us that such spaces have significant barriers that restrict and prevent the participation of people with disabilities in sports and leisure activities. We can infer that public sports and leisure policies in municipal public facilities do not promote the inclusion of people with disabilities, inhibiting the promotion of citizenship and the construction of personal and collective identities.

Nebulized Saline Solution: A Multidimensional Voice Analysis.

PURPOSE: To verify the effect of nebulization on the voice of dysphonic and non-dysphonic individuals on acoustic, perceptual-auditory, aerodynamic, electroglottographic, laryngeal parameters and on the self-perception of vocal discomfort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the research subjects were submitted to vocal evaluation, laryngeal and voice self-perception. Then, the participants remained in vocal rest for a period of 10 minutes and the analysis mentioned above were again performed. After this first stage, the participants were submitted to the nebulization for a period of 10 minutes and the all analysis above were again performed. Descriptive analysis of the variables was carried. In the comparison of the pre- and post-nebulization groups, the Paired T-Student Test was used for variables with non-dysphonic distribution and the Wilcoxon Test for variables with asymmetric distribution. When categorical variables were evaluated (perceptual-auditory evaluation and laryngeal assessment), the Pearson's Chi-square test was used. In all analysis, a significance level of 5% was considered. The intra-rater agreement in the auditory-perceptual and perceptual-visual assessment was assessed using the AC1 statistic, using the R program. For this purpose, 20% of the voice samples and laryngeal images were replicated blindly and interpreted by the evaluators at the time evaluations. RESULTS: The results of this research show that non-dysphonic individuals have more positive vocal and laryngeal effects after nebulization than dysphonic ones. It is also observed that the EGG measurement was the most sensitive to the effect of nebulization, with an increase in the Closed quotient (CQ) in all groups evaluated. Regarding acoustic measurements, it is noted that the effect of nebulization in men is more evident than in women. After nebulization, there was an increase in fundamental frequency in the group of non-dysphonic women and dysphonic and non-dysphonic men. A decrease in the amplitude perturbation quotient values is observed in all groups, besides a reduction in the pitch perturbation quotient values after nebulization in non-dysphonic men groups. There was improves aerodynamic efficiency in groups of dysphonic and non-dysphonic men and in the self-perception of vocal discomfort in all groups studied after the hydration procedure. The results of this study demonstrate a significant improvement in the mucosal wave after nebulization in the groups of women and men who are not dysphonic. CONCLUSION: The nebulization procedure with saline solution improves acoustic measurements, the electroglottographic closed quotient and vocal self-perception of dysphonic and non-dysphonic women and men. Nebulization increases the mucosal wave of the vocal folds in non-dysphonic women and men and improves the aerodynamic efficiency of men.

Comparação entre a frequência fundamental acústica da voz e a frequência de vibração das pregas vocais analisada pela videoquimografia digital / Comparison between the acoustic fundamental frequency of the voice and the vibration frequency of the vocal folds analyzed by digital kymography

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a frequência da variação da abertura das pregas vocais, analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental da voz, obtida através da análise acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. Método Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico transversal. Participaram 48 mulheres e 38 homens, de 18 a 55 anos. A avaliação foi composta por análise acústica da voz, obtida pela emissão habitual da vogal /a/ durante 3 segundos, e os dias da semana, e pela videoquimografia digital (DKG), obtida pela emissão habitual das vogais /i/ e /ɛ/. As medidas analisadas foram a frequência fundamental acústica (f0), extraída pelo programa Computerized Speech Lab (CSL), e a frequência dominante da variação de abertura da prega vocal direita (D-freq) e esquerda (E-freq), obtidas através do programa de processamento de imagens KIPS. A montagem dos quimogramas constou na demarcação manual da região, compostas por linhas verticais que delimitaram largura da prega vocal e linhas horizontais que marcaram os terços posterior, médio e anterior da rima glótica. Na análise estatística, o teste Anderson-Darling foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade da amostra. Os testes ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados para a comparação das medidas entre os grupos. Para a comparação da idade entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste Mann-Whitney. Resultados Não existem diferenças entre os valores da medida de frequência analisada pela videoquimografia digital, com a frequência fundamental acústica, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea. Conclusão Os valores da frequência dominante da variação de abertura das pregas vocais, avaliada pela videoquimografia digital, e a frequência fundamental acústica da voz são similares, permitindo uma comparação entre estas medidas na avaliação multidimensional da voz, em indivíduos sem alteração laríngea.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the frequency of vocal fold opening variation, analyzed by digital kymography, with the fundamental voice frequency obtained by acoustic analysis, in individuals without laryngeal alteration. Methods Observational analytical cross-sectional study. The participants were forty-eight women and 38 men from 18 to 55 years of age. The evaluation was made by voice acoustic analysis, by the habitual emission of the vowel /a/ for 3 seconds, and days of the week, and digital kymography (DKG), by the habitual emission of the vowels /i/ and /ɛ/. The measurements analyzed were acoustic fundamental frequency (f0), extracted by the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) program, and dominant frequency of the variation of right (R-freq) and left (L-freq) vocal fold opening, obtained through the KIPS image processing program. The mounting of the kymograms consisted in the manual demarcation of the region by vertical lines delimiting width and horizontal lines separating the posterior, middle and anterior thirds of the Rima glottidis. In the statistical analysis, the Anderson-Darling test was used to verify the normality of the sample. The ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed for the comparison of measurements between the groups. For the comparison of age between the groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. Results There are no differences between the values of the frequency measurement analyzed by digital kymography, with the acoustic fundamental frequency, in individuals without laryngeal alteration. Conclusion The values of the dominant frequency of the vocal folds opening variation, as assessed by digital kymography, and the acoustic fundamental frequency of the voice are similar, allowing comparison between these measurements in the multidimensional evaluation of the voice, in individuals without laryngeal alteration.

Vocal rehabilitation in singers with vocal complaints: a digital kymography analysis / Reabilitação vocal em cantoras com queixa vocal: análise da videoquimografia digital

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the effects of the Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program associated with the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation through digital kymography in singers with vocal complaints. Methods: an experimental intrasubject comparative study in 24 singers, who underwent the rehabilitation program associated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. They were assessed with laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy before and after vocal rehabilitation. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the two assessments. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: significant differences were found in the maximum opening, dominant amplitude of the opening variation and dominant frequency of the opening variation of the right vocal fold in the posterior glottic region, and in maximum opening, mean opening, dominant amplitude of the opening variation of the left vocal fold and dominant frequency of the opening variation of both vocal folds in the anterior glottic region. Conclusion: the results showed that the Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program associated with transcutaneous electrical stimulation decreased the opening amplitude of the vocal fold, increased the vibration frequency, and improved glottal closure in the anterior and posterior glottic regions.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do Programa Integral de Reabilitação Vocal associado à aplicação da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea por meio da videoquimografia digital em cantoras com queixa vocal. Métodos: estudo experimental comparativo intrassujeitos com 24 cantoras, que realizaram o programa de reabilitação associado à estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea. A avaliação, por meio da videolaringoscopia de alta velocidade, foi realizada antes e após a reabilitação vocal. Os testes T pareado e de Wilcoxon foram utilizados para comparação das duas avaliações. Considerou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: diferenças significantes foram identificadas quanto aos parâmetros de abertura máxima, amplitude dominante de variação de abertura e frequência dominante de abertura da prega vocal direita na região posterior da glote, além dos parâmetros de abertura máxima, abertura média, amplitude dominante de variação de abertura da prega vocal esquerda e frequência dominante de abertura de ambas as pregas vocais na região anterior da glote. Conclusão: os resultados mostraram que o Programa Integral de Reabilitação Vocal associado à estimulação elétrica transcutânea promoveu uma diminuição da amplitude de abertura da prega vocal e aumento da frequência de vibração, além de um melhor fechamento glótico nas regiões anterior e posterior da glote.

Índice videoquimográfico da função glótica: análise da precisão diagnóstica / Videokymographic index of glottic function: an analysis of diagnostic accuracy

RESUMO Objetivo Elaborar um indicador composto denominado Índice Videoquimográfico da Função Glótica - IVFG, a partir de parâmetros da videoquimografia digital, captados pelo exame de videolaringoscopia de alta velocidade de mulheres sem e com alterações laríngeas de etiologia comportamental. Método A amostra foi composta por 92 mulheres, destas 55 apresentaram disfonia comportamental, com presença de alterações laríngeas e vocais, e 37 mulheres sem alterações laríngeas e vocais, entre 18 a 45 anos. A avaliação vocal foi realizada por consenso pela análise perceptivo-auditiva da vogal /a/ em frequência e intensidade habituais, e classificação através do grau geral da disfonia, onde G0 indicou qualidade vocal neutra e G1 a 3 qualidade vocal alterada. As imagens laríngeas foram obtidas pela gravação da emissão da vogal /i/, em frequência e intensidade habituais para análise da videoquimografia digital. A construção do IVFG se deu pela escolha do ponto médio da glote para análise e, elaboração foi realizada regressão logística pelo programa MINITAB 19. Resultados A regressão logística contou com duas etapas, sendo que a etapa 1 constou da análise de todas as variáveis, onde as variáveis abertura máxima e fechamento glótico apresentaram significância estatística (p-valor <0.05) e o modelo se encontrou bem ajustado de acordo com o teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow (p-valor=0,794); na etapa 2, as variáveis selecionadas foram novamente analisadas e o modelo também se mostrou bem ajustado (p-valor=0,198). O IVFG foi definido por IVFG=e^(8,1318-0,2941AbMax-0,0703FechGlo)/1+e^(8,1318-0,2941AbMax-0,0703FechGlo). Conclusão O IVFG apresenta valor de corte igual a 0,71. A probabilidade de acerto é de 81,5%, sensibilidade 76,4%, especificidade de 89,2%.

ABSTRACT Purpose To develop the Videokymographic Index of Glottic Function (VIGF), a composite indicator from digital videokymography parameters, captured by high-speed videolaryngoscopy exams of women with and without laryngeal alterations of behavioral etiology. Methods The sample consisted of 92 women aged between 18 and 45 years. Fifty-five (55) women with behavioral dysphonia, presenting with laryngeal and voice alterations, and thirty-seven (37) women without any laryngeal and voice alterations. Voice evaluation was performed by consensus via an auditory-perceptual analysis of the sustained vowel /a/ at a habitual pitch and loudness. Voice classification was obtained by means of a general degree of dysphonia, where G0 indicated neutral voice quality and G1 to G3 indicated altered voice quality. Laryngeal images were captured via digital videokymography analysis of a sustained vowel /i/ at a habitual pitch and loudness. The VIGF was based on the midpoint of the glottal region for analysis. Logistic regression was performed using the MINITAB 19 program. Results Logistic regression was composed of two stages: Stage 1 consisted of the analysis of all variables, where the maximum opening and closed quotient variables showed statistical significance (p-value <0.05) and the model was well adjusted according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p-value=0.794). Stage 2 consisted of the re-analysis of the selected variables, also showing a well-adjusted model (p-value=0.198). The VIGF was defined as follows: VIGF=e^(8.1318-0.2941AbMax-0.0703FechGlo)/1+e^(8.1318-0.2941AbMax-0.0703FechGlo). Conclusion The VIGF demonstrated a cut-off value equal to 0.71. The probability of success was 81.5%, sensitivity 76.4%, and specificity 89.2%.

Videokymographic index of glottic function: an analysis of diagnostic accuracy. / Índice videoquimográfico da função glótica: análise da precisão diagnóstica.

PURPOSE: To develop the Videokymographic Index of Glottic Function (VIGF), a composite indicator from digital videokymography parameters, captured by high-speed videolaryngoscopy exams of women with and without laryngeal alterations of behavioral etiology. METHODS: The sample consisted of 92 women aged between 18 and 45 years. Fifty-five (55) women with behavioral dysphonia, presenting with laryngeal and voice alterations, and thirty-seven (37) women without any laryngeal and voice alterations. Voice evaluation was performed by consensus via an auditory-perceptual analysis of the sustained vowel /a/ at a habitual pitch and loudness. Voice classification was obtained by means of a general degree of dysphonia, where G0 indicated neutral voice quality and G1 to G3 indicated altered voice quality. Laryngeal images were captured via digital videokymography analysis of a sustained vowel /i/ at a habitual pitch and loudness. The VIGF was based on the midpoint of the glottal region for analysis. Logistic regression was performed using the MINITAB 19 program. RESULTS: Logistic regression was composed of two stages: Stage 1 consisted of the analysis of all variables, where the maximum opening and closed quotient variables showed statistical significance (p-value <0.05) and the model was well adjusted according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p-value=0.794). Stage 2 consisted of the re-analysis of the selected variables, also showing a well-adjusted model (p-value=0.198). The VIGF was defined as follows: VIGF=e^(8.1318-0.2941AbMax-0.0703FechGlo)/1+e^(8.1318-0.2941AbMax-0.0703FechGlo). CONCLUSION: The VIGF demonstrated a cut-off value equal to 0.71. The probability of success was 81.5%, sensitivity 76.4%, and specificity 89.2%.

OBJETIVO: Elaborar um indicador composto denominado Índice Videoquimográfico da Função Glótica ­ IVFG, a partir de parâmetros da videoquimografia digital, captados pelo exame de videolaringoscopia de alta velocidade de mulheres sem e com alterações laríngeas de etiologia comportamental. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por 92 mulheres, destas 55 apresentaram disfonia comportamental, com presença de alterações laríngeas e vocais, e 37 mulheres sem alterações laríngeas e vocais, entre 18 a 45 anos. A avaliação vocal foi realizada por consenso pela análise perceptivo-auditiva da vogal /a/ em frequência e intensidade habituais, e classificação através do grau geral da disfonia, onde G0 indicou qualidade vocal neutra e G1 a 3 qualidade vocal alterada. As imagens laríngeas foram obtidas pela gravação da emissão da vogal /i/, em frequência e intensidade habituais para análise da videoquimografia digital. A construção do IVFG se deu pela escolha do ponto médio da glote para análise e, elaboração foi realizada regressão logística pelo programa MINITAB 19. RESULTADOS: A regressão logística contou com duas etapas, sendo que a etapa 1 constou da análise de todas as variáveis, onde as variáveis abertura máxima e fechamento glótico apresentaram significância estatística (p-valor <0.05) e o modelo se encontrou bem ajustado de acordo com o teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow (p-valor=0,794); na etapa 2, as variáveis selecionadas foram novamente analisadas e o modelo também se mostrou bem ajustado (p-valor=0,198). O IVFG foi definido por IVFG=e

Effect of Nebulization on Laryngeal Parameters: Analysis Using High-Speed Digital Videolaryngoscopy.

INTRODUCTION: Superficial laryngeal hydration, obtained through nebulization, is related to the moisture level on the epithelial surfaces of the vocal folds, modifying their biomechanical and aerodynamic properties. Through high-speed videolaryngoscopy it is possible to obtain objective data for laryngeal analysis after nebulization and a better understanding of this phenomenon OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of nebulization with saline solution on laryngeal parameters of digital videokymography obtained by high-speed videolaryngoscopy examination in women and men with and without laryngeal alterations METHOD: This is a clinical, comparative intra-subject study. Fifty-nine adults were selected, with and without laryngeal alterations, 30 females and 29 males. Digital videokymographs in the anterior, middle and posterior thirds of the vocal folds of the participants were analyzed before and after nebulization with 0.9% saline solution. RESULTS: Women without laryngeal alterations showed more parameters changes after nebulization, in which there was a decrease in maximum and medium opening, amplitude of opening of the left and right vocal fold in the anterior glottal third, and an increase of the percentage of closure of the vocal folds. These results indicate a minor extent of lateral excursion of the vocal folds during phonation. In women with laryngeal alterations, the parameters that changed after nebulization were the increased frequency of opening of the left and right vocal folds in the topography of the posterior third. In men, nebulization did not change the variables studied, except for the amplitude of the right vocal fold in men with laryngeal alterations, in the analysis of the posterior glottic third. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that surface hydration modifies laryngeal dynamics differently between genders. After nebulization with saline solution, women without laryngeal alterations showed a decrease in the lateralization of the vocal folds during phonation, suggesting a better phonatory efficiency.

Analysis of the Immediate Effects of the LaxVox Technique on Digital Videokymography Parameters in Adults With Voice Complaints.

OBJECTIVES: Digital videokymography based on high-speed videoendoscopy enables the evaluation of therapeutic techniques and voice training, such as the LaxVox technique, on vocal fold vibrations. This study investigated the immediate effects of the LaxVox technique on digital videokymographic parameters obtained through high-speed videolaryngoscopy in adults with voice complaints. STUDY DESIGN: An experimental intrasubject comparative study of adults with voice complaints was conducted. METHODS: Image processing software was used to analyze the videos and obtain digital videokymography parameters. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine the intra-rater reliability of the analyzed parameters. The paired t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare digital videokymography parameters before and after the LaxVox technique, in sex-specific analyses. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: In total, 25 laryngeal images from 15 women and 10 men were analyzed. On digital videokymography analysis, the mean vocal fold opening in the posterior glottal region was decreased immediately after using the LaxVox technique in women. In contrast, no significant changes were found in other parameters compared to pre LaxVox technique values in both men and women with voice complaints. CONCLUSION: Digital videokymography analysis revealed that the LaxVox technique reduces the mean vocal fold opening in the posterior glottal region of women with voice complaints.

Digital Videokymography: Analysis of Glottal Closure in Adults.

INTRODUCTION: High-speed videolaryngoscopy and quantitative analysis of laryngeal images are relevant in accurately diagnosing vocal fold closure patterns. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the parameters of digital videokymography obtained through high-speed videolaryngoscopy in women and men with complete and incomplete glottal closure, and posterior glottal chink. METHODS: We conducted an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with data from 65 adults, which we divided into groups according to sex and glottal closure. Digital videokymography parameters were analyzed using an image-processing program. The Anderson-Darling and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to verify sample normality and compare videokymography parameters between groups, respectively. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Among 65 laryngeal images, 20 each were from women with complete and incomplete glottal closure, and 20 and 5 were from men with complete and incomplete glottal closure, respectively. Considering the clinical relevance of the evaluated data, groups of 11 women and 4 men with posterior glottal chink were compared with sex-similar groups with complete glottal closure. Digital videokymography showed a lower maximum and mean vocal fold opening in women with incomplete glottal closure, and a lower dominant left vocal fold-opening amplitude and higher dominant frequency of bilateral vocal fold opening in men with incomplete glottal closure. It also showed a lower closed phase percentage in the posterior region for women and men, with higher closed phase percentage in the anterior and middle regions in women. Both groups with posterior glottal chink showed similar results. CONCLUSION: Incomplete glottal closure may interfere with the results of the digital videokymography parameters, with higher impact on the posterior vocal fold region in males and the middle and anterior vocal fold regions in females.

High speed digital videolaringoscopy: evaluation of vocal nodules and cysts in women.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the parameters of Digital kymography obtained through the High-speed Videolaryngoscopy of women without laryngeal disorders, of women with vocal fold nodules and of women with vocal cysts. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study in which 60 women aged 18 years and 45 years were selected. Three study groups were formed: 20 women without laryngeal disorder forming the control group (Group 1), 20 women with diagnosis of vocal fold nodules forming Group 2 and 20 women with diagnosis of vocal cysts forming Group 3. Subsequently the participants were evaluated by High-speed Videolaryngoscopy for analysis and comparison of laryngeal images using Digital kymography. The laryngeal parameters processed by the program KIPS® were: minimum, maximum and mean opening; dominant amplitude of the left and right vocal folds; dominant frequency of the right and left vocal folds; and close. RESULTS: The analysis of Digital kymography suggests that the presence of the vocal fold nodules and the vocal cysts tend to restrict more to the maximum and minimum opening of the vocal fold and the dominant amplitude of the opening variation in the middle region of the glottis. CONCLUSION: Digital kymography parameters were similar in the presence of vocal fold nodules and vocal cysts lesions.

Water quality assessment based on multivariate statistics and water quality index of a strategic river in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Fifty-four water samples were collected between July and December 2019 at nine monitoring stations and fifteen parameters were analysed to provide an updated diagnosis of the Piabanha River water quality. Further, forty years of monitoring were analysed, including government data and previous research projects. A georeferenced database was also built containing water management data. The Water Quality Index from the National Sanitation Foundation (WQINSF) was calculated using two datasets and showed an improvement in overall water quality, despite still presenting systematic violations to Brazilian standards. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed the most contributing parameters to water quality and enabled its association with the main pollution sources identified in the geodatabase. PCA showed that sewage discharge is still the main pollution source. The cluster analysis (CA) made possible to recommend the monitoring network optimization, thereby enabling the expansion of the monitoring to other rivers. Finally, the diagnosis provided by this research establishes the first step towards the Framing of water resources according to their intended uses, as established by the Brazilian National Water Resources Policy.

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential on Ocular, Cervical, and Soleus Muscles to Assess the Extent of Neurological Impairment in HTLV-1 Infection.

Introduction: Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP) can be used to test central vestibular pathways from the midbrain to the lumbar spine, according to the muscle tested. Purpose: to compare the spinal cord alteration in individuals with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) and with HTLV-1-asymptomatic infection using the VEMP recorded from different muscles. Methods: VEMP was recorded in 90 individuals of whom 30 had HAM, 30 were HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers, and 30 negative controls. VEMP was recorded in the oculomotor muscle (oVEMP), testing the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and in the cervical muscle (cVEMP) and soleus muscle (sVEMP), testing the vestibulospinal reflex, respectively, in the cervical and in the lumbar spinal level. The type of stimulation was auditory for oVEMP and cVEMP, and galvanic for sVEMP. The compared variables were the latencies of the electrophysiological waves. Results: HTLV-1-asymptomatic group was similar to the controls regarding oVEMP (p = 0.461), but different regarding cVEMP (p < 0.001) and sVEMP (p < 0.001). HAM group has presented the worst latencies and was different from the HTLV-1-asymptomatic group in the VEMP of all the tested muscles (p < 0.001). The concomitant occurrence of VEMP alterations in the three recorded muscles of the same individual was found in 2 (6.7%) asymptomatic carriers and in 20 (66.7%) patients with HAM (p = 0.001). The analysis of VEMP alteration per group and per muscle has showed that, in HTLV-1-asymptomatic group, oVEMP was altered in 3 (10.0%) individuals, cVEMP in 10 (33.3%) and sVEMP in 13 (43.3%). In HAM group, oVEMP was altered in 23 (76.6%) individuals, cVEMP in 27 (90%), and sVEMP in 30 (100%). Conclusion: HTLV-1-neurological damage has followed an ascendant progression beginning at the lumbar spine in the stage of a clinically asymptomatic infection, whereas HAM has affected not only the spine, but also the midbrain.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile dye Orange-122 Via Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Abstract This work reports the study of the potential application of Zn/TiO2 catalysts, obtained by the sol-gel method, in processes of environmental decontamination through the reactions of photodegradation of textile dye, followed by electrospray mass spectrometry. The catalysts synthesis was performed according to a 2² factorial design with repetition at the central point. The characterization techniques used were: N2 adsorption measurements (BET method), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (MEV/EDS), X-ray diffraction and point of zero charge (PZC). The photocatalytic tests were performed in batch in the presence of sunlight, and to evaluate the degradation kinetics study, a rapid direct injection electrospray mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) method has been developed. By the photocatalytic tests, the calcination temperature of 400 °C has shown the best results of discoloration for the reactive Orange-122 dye (99.76%) in a reaction time of 2h. The discoloration kinetics were a pseudo-first order, and a statistical analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the variables and to optimize the conditions of discoloration to the dye. After the reactional time of 2 h, an ion of m/z 441.5 was detected by ESI-MS, indicating that the photocatalytic process was effective for the degradation of the dye to secondary compounds.

Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) reveals mesencephalic HTLV-1-associated neurological disease.

PURPOSE: Vestibular Myogenic Evoked Potential (VEMP) evaluates vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-collic reflexes involved in the function of the otolithic organs and their afferent pathways. We compared the results of cervical and ocular VEMP in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) and HTLV-1-asymptomatic infection. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 52 HTLV-1-infected individuals (26 HAM and 26 asymptomatic carriers) and 26 seronegative controls. The groups were similar regarding age and gender. Participants underwent simultaneous ocular and cervical VEMP. The stimulus to generate VEMP was a low-frequency tone burst sound tone burst, with an intensity of 120 decibels normalized hearing level, bandpass filter from 10 to 1,500 Hertz (Hz), with 100 stimuli at 500 Hz and 50 milliseconds recording time. The latencies of the electrophysiological waves P13 and N23 for cervical VEMP and N10 and P15 waves for ocular VEMP were compared among the groups. The absence or delay of the electrophysiological waves were considered abnormal results. RESULTS: Ocular VEMP was similar among the groups for N10 (p = 0.375) and different for P15 (p≤0.001). Cervical VEMP was different for P13 (p = 0.001) and N23 (p = 0.003). About ocular VEMP, in the HTLV-1-asymptomatic group, normal waves were found in 23(88.5%) individuals; in HAM group, normal waves were found in 7(26.9%). About cervical VEMP, 18(69.2%) asymptomatic carriers presented normal waves and only 3(11.5%) patients with HAM presented normal waves. Abnormalities in both VEMPs were found in 1(3.8%) asymptomatic carrier and in 16(61.5%) patients with HAM. CONCLUSION: Neurological impairment in HAM was not restricted to the spinal cord. The mesencephalic connections, tested by ocular VEMP, have been also altered. Damage of the oculomotor system, responsible for eye stabilization during head and body movements, may explain why dizziness is such a frequent complaint in HAM.

Dos instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos - o Enquadramento - como ferramenta para reabilitação de rios / On water resources management instruments - Framing - as a tool for river rehabilitation

RESUMO O Enquadramento dos Corpos Hídricos em Classes de Usos Preponderantes, de acordo com a Resolução Conama nº 357/2005, possibilita o estabelecimento de metas a serem alcançadas, ou mantidas, em um segmento de corpo d'água de acordo com seus usos preponderantes. Sua proposição é responsabilidade dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica, na Região Serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro; o Comitê Piabanha definiu como prioridade o Enquadramento do Rio Piabanha. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi comparar em que medida o Enquadramento comporta-se como um processo de reabilitação da saúde dos rios. Busca-se construir um referencial teórico e definir diretrizes metodológicas para projetos de enquadramento de recursos hídricos. Nas conclusões, são destacadas cinco recomendações consideradas chave para o processo de enquadramento.

ABSTRACT The Framing of Water Bodies in Preponderant Uses Classes, according to Conama Resolution nº 357/2005, enables the establishment of goals to be achieved, or maintained, in a body of water according to its predominant uses. Its proposal is the responsibility of the River Basin Committees, in the Mountain Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro; The Piabanha Committee has set the Framing of the Piabanha River as a priority. In this sense, the objective of this article was to compare the extent to which the Framing behaves as a process of rehabilitation of river health. It seeks to build a theoretical approach and define methodological guidelines for water resources framing projects. In the conclusions, five recommendations that are considered key to the framing process are emphasized.

A percepção dos gestores sobre os objetivos do esporte nos municípios / The perception of managers about the objectives of sports in municipalities / La percepción de los gestores sobre los objetivos del deporte en los municipios

O presente estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar o perfil dos gestores municipais de esporte de cidades pertencentes a um consórcio intermunicipal no estado de São Paulo e conhecer seu olhar sobre os objetivos do esporte no município. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com a participação de 12 gestores de esporte pertencentes a União dos municípios da Média Sorocabana do Estado de São Paulo (UMMES). Foi possível verificar que o perfil dos gestores esportivos municipais se assemelha ao identificado em outros estudos realizados. Também se constata a existência de uma cultura que desconsidera as competências e habilidades necessárias para o gerenciamento esportivo inerente às organizações esportivas. Em suas entrevistas, os gestores declaram que o esporte em seus municípios tem como objetivos contribuir para a inclusão social, melhorar a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos praticantes, identificar novos talentos para o esporte e democratizar o acesso às práticas esportivas. Percebemos que parte dos objetivos propostos não podem ser atingidos apenas com a prática do esporte, mas que dependem da elaboração de uma política pública que integre diferentes secretarias municipais

The purpose of this inventory was to characterize the profile of sports managers from cities belonging to an intermunicipal consortium in the state of São Paulo and to know their view on the objectives of the sport in the city. A qualitative research was carried out, with the participation of 12 sports managers belonging to the Union of the municipalities of Media Sorocabana, in São Paulo. It was possible to verify that the profile of the municipal sports managers is similar to that identified in other studies. Also it is verified the existence of a culture that disregards the professional skills and abilities for the sport management, inherent to the sport organizations. In their interviews, managers claim that sport in their cities aims to contribute to social inclusion, improve health and quality of life, identify new talent for sports and democratize access to sports practices. We realize that some of the proposed objectives cannot be achieved only with the practice of sports, but that they depend on the elaboration of a public policy that integrates different municipal secretariats

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos caracterizar el perfil de los gestores del deporte, en ciudades que constituyen un consorcio intermunicipal de São Paulo y conocer su mirada sobre los objetivos del deporte en la ciudad. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con la participación de 12 gestores de deporte pertenecientes a la Unión de los municipios de la Media Sorocabana del Estado de São Paulo (UMMES). Fue posible verificar que el perfil de los gestores deportivos municipales se asemeja al identificado en otros estudios realizados. También se constata la existencia de una cultura que desconsidera las competencias y habilidades necesarias para el manejo deportivo inherente a las organizaciones deportivas. En sus entrevistas, los gestores declaran que el deporte tiene como objetivos contribuir a la inclusión social, mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los practicantes, identificar nuevos talentos para el deporte y democratizar el acceso a las prácticas deportivas. Se percibe que parte de los objetivos propuestos no pueden ser alcanzados sólo con la práctica del deporte, sino que dependen de la elaboración de una política pública que integre diferentes secretarías municipales

Application of differential scanning calorimetry in the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids.

Over the past ten years, there has been a significant increase in the amount of formulations containing anabolic androgenic steroids apprehended worldwide. A considerable amount of these illicit preparations is falsified imposing a series of challenges for the analytical identification of alleged active ingredients due to the presence of interferers. In this sense, the aim of this work was to identify and quantify the active ingredient using cholesterol as internal standard in eight apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids in either tablet, capsule or injectable forms employing visual inspection and instrumental analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The assessed samples were kindly provided by the Brazilian Federal Police as representative samples from an apprehension made in July of 2017. Qualitatively, 25% of the analyzed materials were determined to be falsified as they were composed of excipients only while the others had the alleged active ingredient confirmed. However, after quantitative analysis, the majority of samples were placed as counterfeit materials as the active substance was found in concentrations lower than stated in the label. Preliminary visual inspection provided important information to distinguish genuine from falsified samples. It should be noted that this work was one of the few available reports to employ Differential Scanning Calorimetry in the analysis of anabolic agents, which proved to be an important complementary tool for the detection of the active ingredient, when present, along with the calorimetric profile of the formulations studied. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas-Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry were also efficient analytical tools in order to identify and to characterize substances present in fraudulent preparations.

Aplicações dos potenciais evocados miogênicos vestibulares: revisão sistemática de literatura / Applications of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials: a systematic literature review

RESUMO Objetivos Revisar a literatura científica sobre as principais técnicas usadas para gerar o potencial evocado miogênico vestibular (VEMP) e suas aplicações clínicas. Estratégia de pesquisa Os artigos que descrevem os métodos de registro e as aplicações do VEMP foram localizados nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS e SciELO. O levantamento realizado limitou-se aos artigos publicados nos idiomas Inglês, Português e Espanhol, entre janeiro de 2012 e maio de 2018. Critérios de seleção Artigos sobre os aspectos técnicos para a realização do VEMP ocular, cervical ou do músculo sóleo, com estimulação auditiva ou galvânica e artigos sobre as aplicações clínicas do VEMP foram incluídos; artigos repetidos nas bases de dados, artigos de revisão de literatura, relato de casos, cartas e editoriais foram excluídos. Resultados A estratégia de busca resultou na seleção de 28 artigos. Os estudos evidenciaram três métodos de registro do VEMP: cervical, ocular e no músculo sóleo. As aplicações clínicas do VEMP incluíram doença de Ménière, neurite vestibular, síndrome da deiscência do canal semicircular superior, doença de Parkinson, lesões centrais isquêmicas e mielopatias motoras. Conclusão Independentemente da técnica de registro, o VEMP mostrou-se útil como ferramenta complementar para o diagnóstico de doenças vestibulares periféricas e centrais.

ABSTRACT Purpose To review the scientific literature on the main techniques used to generate vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and its clinical applications. Research strategy A search for articles describing VEMP recording methods and applications was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO databases. The search was limited to articles published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish between January 2012 and May 2018. Selection criteria Articles addressing the technical aspects for performing ocular, cervical or soleus VEMP with auditory or galvanic stimulation and articles on the clinical applications of VEMP were included in this review, whereas articles repeated in the databases, literature reviews, case reports, letters, and editorials were excluded. Results The search strategy resulted in the selection of 28 articles. The studies evidenced three methods of VEMP recording: responses from the cervical, ocular and soleus muscle. Clinical applications of VEMP included Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, Parkinson's disease, central ischemic lesions, and motor myelopathies. Conclusion Regardless of the recording technique, VEMP has proved to be useful as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of peripheral and central vestibular diseases.

Cytotoxic Activity of Fatty Acids From Antarctic Macroalgae on the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Macroalgae are a natural source of clinically relevant molecules such as polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The Antarctic environment, due to its cold climate, leads to high production of these bioactive molecules. Adenocystis utricularis, Curdiea racovitzae, and Georgiella confluens from three distinct islands in the Antarctic Peninsula were collected and analyzed for their fatty acid content by gas chromatography flame ionization detection. Results revealed that the algal extracts consisted of 22 fatty acids, of which 9 were saturated, 4 were monounsaturated, and 9 were polyunsaturated (PUFA). In addition, fucosterol was identified within the lipidic extracts. The cytotoxic activity of these fatty acids was evaluated in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The most notable result was the effect of PUFA on the growth inhibition of cancer cells ranging from 61.04 to 69.78% in comparison to control cells. Significant cytotoxic activity of fatty acids from A. utricularis was observed at 48 h, resulting in an inhibition of growth of more than 50% for breast cancer cells at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. A cell viability assay showed that the fatty acids from A. utricularis significantly reduced cell viability (68.7% in MCF-7 and 89% in MDA-MB-231 after 72 h of exposure). At the same time, DAPI staining demonstrated chromatin condensation, and apoptotic bodies formed in cells that were cultured with fatty acids from A. utricularis. These data indicate that fatty acids from Antarctic macroalgae have the potential to reduce the proliferation of and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.