Melanoma sobre nevus azul en placa o sobre melanocitosis dérmicas: utilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica del BAP1 / Melanoma arising in plaque-type blue nevus and dermal melanocytosis: Diagnostic and prognostic value of BAP1

El melanoma sobre nevus azul o melanoma ex-blue nevus es una variedad de melanoma peculiar que tiene un perfil genético diferente al del resto de los melanomas cutáneos y sorprendentemente superponible al perfil del melanoma uveal. Aunque puede aparecer de novo, el melanoma ex-blue nevus se suele desarrollar sobre un nevus azul previo o sobre una melanocitosis dérmica. No todas las lesiones nodulares desarrolladas sobre un nevus azul o una melanocitosis dérmica son melanomas, y los hallazgos clínicos e histológicos pueden ser insuficientes para llegar a un diagnóstico de certeza. Así, cobran relevancia estudios adicionales, como la hibridación genómica comparada, pues la presencia de aberraciones cromosómicas favorece el diagnóstico de malignidad. Es de especial utilidad el estudio del gen BAP1, cuya pérdida de expresión orienta a melanoma en este espectro de lesiones. Presentamos 3casos del espectro nevus azul a melanoma ex-blue nevus con estudios de biología molecular (AU)

Melanoma arising in blue nevus, also known as melanoma ex blue nevus, is a specific form of melanoma whose genetic profile is different to that of other cutaneous melanomas and surprisingly similar to that of uveal melanoma. Although melanoma ex blue nevus can appear de novo, it usually arises in a preexisting blue nevus or dermal melanocytosis. Not all nodular lesions arising in association with blue nevus or dermal melanocytosis are melanomas, however, and because clinical and histologic findings may be insufficient for a definitive diagnosis, additional studies such as comparative genomic hybridization are important. Detection of chromosomal aberrations supports a diagnosis of malignancy. Studies of the BAP1 gene are particularly useful in this setting because loss of expression is indicative of melanoma. We present 3 cases on the spectrum of blue nevus to melanoma ex blue nevus that were studied using molecular biology techniques (AU)

[Translated article] Melanoma Arising in Plaque-Type Blue Nevus and Dermal Melanocytosis: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of BAP1 / Melanoma sobre nevus azul en placa o sobre melanocitosis dérmicas: utilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica del BAP1

Melanoma arising in blue nevus, also known as melanoma ex blue nevus, is a specific form of melanoma whose genetic profile is different to that of other cutaneous melanomas and surprisingly similar to that of uveal melanoma. Although melanoma ex blue nevus can appear de novo, it usually arises in a preexisting blue nevus or dermal melanocytosis. Not all nodular lesions arising in association with blue nevus or dermal melanocytosis are melanomas, however, and because clinical and histologic findings may be insufficient for a definitive diagnosis, additional studies such as comparative genomic hybridization are important. Detection of chromosomal aberrations supports a diagnosis of malignancy. Studies of the BAP1 gene are particularly useful in this setting because loss of expression is indicative of melanoma. We present 3 cases on the spectrum of blue nevus to melanoma ex blue nevus that were studied using molecular biology techniques (AU)

El melanoma sobre nevus azul o melanoma ex-blue nevus es una variedad de melanoma peculiar que tiene un perfil genético diferente al del resto de los melanomas cutáneos y sorprendentemente superponible al perfil del melanoma uveal. Aunque puede aparecer de novo, el melanoma ex-blue nevus se suele desarrollar sobre un nevus azul previo o sobre una melanocitosis dérmica. No todas las lesiones nodulares desarrolladas sobre un nevus azul o una melanocitosis dérmica son melanomas, y los hallazgos clínicos e histológicos pueden ser insuficientes para llegar a un diagnóstico de certeza. Así, cobran relevancia estudios adicionales, como la hibridación genómica comparada, pues la presencia de aberraciones cromosómicas favorece el diagnóstico de malignidad. Es de especial utilidad el estudio del gen BAP1, cuya pérdida de expresión orienta a melanoma en este espectro de lesiones. Presentamos 3casos del espectro nevus azul a melanoma ex-blue nevus con estudios de biología molecular (AU)

Melanoma arising in plaque-type blue nevus and dermal melanocytosis: Diagnostic and prognostic value of BAP1. / Melanoma sobre nevus azul en placa o sobre melanocitosis dérmicas: utilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica del BAP1.

Melanoma arising in blue nevus, also known as melanoma ex blue nevus, is a specific form of melanoma whose genetic profile is different to that of other cutaneous melanomas and surprisingly similar to that of uveal melanoma. Although melanoma ex blue nevus can appear de novo, it usually arises in a preexisting blue nevus or dermal melanocytosis. Not all nodular lesions arising in association with blue nevus or dermal melanocytosis are melanomas, however, and because clinical and histologic findings may be insufficient for a definitive diagnosis, additional studies such as comparative genomic hybridization are important. Detection of chromosomal aberrations supports a diagnosis of malignancy. Studies of the BAP1 gene are particularly useful in this setting because loss of expression is indicative of melanoma. We present 3 cases on the spectrum of blue nevus to melanoma ex blue nevus that were studied using molecular biology techniques.

Granulomas in Dermatopathology: Principal Diagnoses - Part 1. / Granulomas en dermatopatología: principales entidades. Parte I.

This series of 2 articles on dermatopathologic diagnoses reviews conditions in which granulomas form. Part 1 clarifies concepts, discusses the presentation of different types of granulomas and giant cells, and considers a large variety of noninfectious diseases. Some granulomatous diseases have a metabolic origin, as in necrobiosis lipoidica. Others, such as granulomatous mycosis fungoides, are related to lymphomas. Still others, such as rosacea, are so common that dermatologists see them nearly daily in clinical practice.

Granulomas in Dermatopathology: Principal Diagnoses - Part 2. / Granulomas en dermatopatología: principales entidades. Parte II.

Part 2 of this series on granulomatous diseases focuses on skin biopsy findings. Whereas the first part treated noninfectious conditions (metabolic disorders and tumors, among other conditions), this part mainly deals with various types of infectious disease along with other conditions seen fairly often by clinical dermatologists.

Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parteII (coagulopatías, émbolos y miscelánea) / Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occusion - Part II: Coagulation Disorders, Emboli, and Other

La patología vascular oclusiva es causante de diversas y variadas manifestaciones clínicas, algunas de ellas con catastróficas consecuencias para el paciente. Dado que las causas de tal oclusión son muy variadas, hemos abordado en un artículo previo reciente en esta misma revista las causas trombóticas. En el presente artículo recopilamos diversas causas adicionales de oclusión intravascular

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. It also has a wide variety of causes, including thrombi, which we recently addressed in part I of this review. In this second part, we look at additional causes of vascular occlusion

Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parte I (trombos) / Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occlusion - Part I: Thrombi

La patplogía vascular oclusiva es causante de diversas y variadas manifestaciones clínicas, algunas de las cuales son de catastróficas consecuencias para el paciente. Sin embargo, las causas de tal oclusión son muy variadas, extendiéndose desde trombos por acción descontrolada de los mecanismos de coagulación, hasta anomalías de los endotelios de los vasos u oclusión por materiales extrínsecos. En una serie de dos artículos hacemos una revisión de las principales causas de oclusión vascular, resumiendo sus manifestaciones clínicas principales y los hallazgos histopatológicos fundamentales. Esta primera parte corresponde a las oclusiones vasculares que cursan con trombos

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. The causes of vascular occlusion are also highly variable, ranging from thrombi triggered by the uncontrolled activation of coagulation mechanisms, on the one hand, to endothelial dysfunction or occlusion by material extrinsic to the coagulation system on the other. In a 2-part review, we look at the main causes of vascular occlusion and the key clinical and histopathologic findings. In this first part, we focus on vascular occlusion involving thrombi

Protocolo de diagnóstico histológico para muestras de pacientes con melanoma cutáneo. Documento de consenso de la SEAP y la AEDV para el Registro Nacional de Melanoma / Protocol for the Histologic Diagnosis of Cutaneous Melanoma: Consensus Statement of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) for the National Cutaneous Melanoma Registry

El presente texto es una propuesta de protocolo de diagnóstico histológico para el melanoma cutáneo realizada a instancias del Registro Nacional de Melanoma de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología. Tras una búsqueda bibliográfica, un grupo de ocho panelistas (siete patólogos) decidieron entre 36 variables del tumor primario, el ganglio centinela y la linfadenectomía incluir un total de 30 variables mediante el método de Delphi modificado. Se han consensuado las variables que deberían contener un informe histológico de melanoma cutáneo para que puedan ser utilizadas en el Registro de Melanoma o servir de modelo para los distintos Servicios de Anatomía Patológica a la hora de elaborar sus propios informes de forma rutinaria

This article describes a proposed protocol for the histologic diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma developed for the National Cutaneous Melanoma Registry managed by the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV). Following a review of the literature, 36 variables relating to primary tumors, sentinel lymph nodes, and lymph node dissection were evaluated using the modified Delphi method by a panel of 8 specialists (including 7 pathologists). Consensus was reached on the 30 variables that should be included in all pathology reports for cutaneous melanoma and submitted to the Melanoma Registry. This list can also serve as a model to guide routine reporting in pathology departments

Reticular telangiectatic erythema by breast implants.

Reticular telangiectatic erythema is a benign dermatosis which has been described on patients with pacemakers, implantable devices or materials inserted in their body. Etiology of this entity hasn't been clarified since the first description in 1981 but it is suggested that physical or mechanical factors have to be involved. We present the second case of bilateral reticular telangiectatic erythema by breast implants described in the literature.

Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occusion - Part II: Coagulation Disorders, Emboli, and Other. / Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parteII (coagulopatías, émbolos y miscelánea).

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. It also has a wide variety of causes, including thrombi, which we recently addressed in partI of this review. In this second part, we look at additional causes of vascular occlusion.

Protocol for the Histologic Diagnosis of Cutaneous Melanoma: Consensus Statement of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) for the National Cutaneous Melanoma Registry. / Protocolo de diagnóstico histológico para muestras de pacientes con melanoma cutáneo. Documento de consenso de la SEAP y la AEDV para el Registro Nacional de Melanoma.

This article describes a proposed protocol for the histologic diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma developed for the National Cutaneous Melanoma Registry managed by the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV). Following a review of the literature, 36 variables relating to primary tumors, sentinel lymph nodes, and lymph node dissection were evaluated using the modified Delphi method by a panel of 8 specialists (including 7 pathologists). Consensus was reached on the 30 variables that should be included in all pathology reports for cutaneous melanoma and submitted to the Melanoma Registry. This list can also serve as a model to guide routine reporting in pathology departments.

Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occlusion - Part I: Thrombi. / Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parte I (trombos).

Vascular occlusion has multiple, diverse clinical manifestations, some of which can have grave consequences for patients. The causes of vascular occlusion are also highly variable, ranging from thrombi triggered by the uncontrolled activation of coagulation mechanisms, on the one hand, to endothelial dysfunction or occlusion by material extrinsic to the coagulation system on the other. In a 2-part review, we look at the main causes of vascular occlusion and the key clinical and histopathologic findings. In this first part, we focus on vascular occlusion involving thrombi.

Dermatomyositis panniculitis: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 18 cases.

BACKGROUND: Panniculitis occurring in dermatomyositis is uncommon, with only a few cases described in the literature, most of them as case reports. OBJECTIVE: This report describes the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings in a series of 18 patients with panniculitis associated with dermatomyositis. METHODS: In each patient, we collected the clinical data of the cutaneous lesions as well as the characteristic clinical and laboratory findings. A series of histopathologic findings was recorded in the biopsy of each patient. A panel of antibodies was used in some cases to investigate the immunophenotype of the infiltrate. Data of treatment and follow-up were also collected. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients, 13 were female and 5 were male, ranging in age from 13 to 74 years (median, 46.4 years). In addition to panniculitis, all patients presented pathognomonic cutaneous findings of DM and reported proximal muscle weakness prior to the diagnosis of panniculitis. Muscle biopsy was performed in 17 patients and MRI in one, all with the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy. None of the patients presented any associated neoplasia. Panniculitis lesions were located in the upper or lower limbs. Histopathology showed a mostly lobular panniculitis with lymphocytes as the main component of the infiltrate. Most cases showed also numerous plasma cells and lymphocytes surrounding necrotic adipocytes (rimming) were frequently seen. Lymphocytic vasculitis and abundant mucin interstitially deposited between collagen bundles of the dermis were also frequent findings. Late-stage lesions showed hyaline necrosis of the fat lobule and calcification. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that most lymphocytes of the infiltrate were T-helper lymphocytes, with some B lymphocytes in the lymphoid aggregates and small clusters of CD-123-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the involved fat lobule. CONCLUSION: Panniculitis in dermatomyositis is rare. Histopathologic findings of panniculitis dermatomyositis are identical to those of lupus panniculitis. Therefore, the final diagnosis requires clinic-pathologic correlation.

Concordancia mutacional de BRAF entre melanoma primario cutáneo y sus correspondientes metástasis. Revisión de la evidencia actual / BRAF Mutation Status Concordance Between Primary Cutaneous Melanomas and Corresponding Metastases: A Review of the Latest Evidence

La mutación en el oncogén BRAF en melanoma y la aparición de terapias dirigidas frente a ella han supuesto un antes y un después en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. El estudio del estado mutacional en las metástasis y su concordancia con el tumor primario tiene además una gran implicación terapéutica en estos pacientes, pues permite seleccionar candidatos a estos tratamientos. El objetivo de esta revisión es conocer las evidencias disponibles sobre el grado de concordancia en los distintos tipos de metástasis en el melanoma cutáneo, así como las ventajas y desventajas de los distintos métodos de detección de la mutación en BRAF

The identification of B-Raf proto-oncongene (BRAF) mutation and the emergence of targeted therapy marked a turning point in the treatment of melanoma. The study of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and metastases in this cancer has major treatment implications as it facilitates the selection of candidates for targeted therapy. This review analyzes the evidence on the level of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and different types of metastases in cutaneous melanoma and provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used to detect BRAF mutations

Pacinian Corpuscles in Human Lymph Nodes.

The occurrence of Pacinian corpuscles associated to lymph nodes is an anatomical rarity and very scarce information exists in this regard. Here we examined immunohistochemically four Pacinian corpuscles found in the close vicinity of the hiliar blood vessels of lymph nodes (2 cervical, 1 axillary, and 1 inguinal) during routine surgical pathology. Pacinian corpuscles were normally arranged and displayed a pattern of protein distribution as follows: the axon was positive for neurofilament proteins and neuron specific enolase, the inner core cells showed intense S100 protein and vimentin immunostaining while they were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, type IV collagen and glucose transporter 1; vimentin, type IV collagen, and glucose transporter 1 were also observed also in the outer-core and the capsule. These results are in agreement with those reported for cutaneous Pacinian corpuscles, demonstrating that the immunohistochemical profile of these corpuscles is independent of its anatomical localization. The possible functional significance of Pacinian corpuscles in lymph nodes is discussed. Anat Rec, 300:2233-2238, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.