Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and its associated factors in Spain: An analysis of 6 population-based studies. DARIOS Study. / Prevalencia de fibrilación auricular y factores asociados en España, análisis de seis estudios de base poblacional. Estudio DARIOS.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in Spain. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study based on a grouped analysis of 17,291 randomized individuals recruited in 6 population studies. RESULTS: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 1.5% (95% CI:1.3-1.7%). Men had a greater prevalence of the disease than women (1.9 vs. 1.1%, respectively). The prevalence of atrial fibrillation progressively increased with age: 0.05% for patients younger than 45 years, 0.5% for those between 45-59 years of age, 2.3% for those between 60-74 years of age and 6.3% for those older than 75 years. The percentage of individuals who were underwent anticoagulant treatment was 74.3%. The risk factors significantly associated with arrhythmia were an age older than 60 years (odds ratio [OR]: 7.6; 95% CI: 5.1-11.2), the male sex (OR:1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-2.4), arterial hypertension (OR:1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1), obesity (OR:1.5; 95% CI:1.2-2.1) and a history of coronary artery disease (OR:1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3.0). CONCLUSION: Atrial fibrillation is a common disease in elderly individuals, while its prevalence is low in individuals younger than 60 years. Most individuals with atrial fibrillation were on anticoagulant treatment. The risk factors for this type of arrhythmia are age, the male sex, hypertension, obesity and a history of coronary artery disease.

Estudio de los niveles de ansiedad en los profesionales de una unidad neonatal / Study of anxiety levels in neonatal unit staff

Introducción: Los profesionales que trabajan en unidades neonatales intervienen cotidianamente en situaciones de estrés generadas por las condiciones de trabajo y la naturaleza de las tareas. En consecuencia pueden presentar niveles elevados de ansiedad, entendida como una respuesta emocional que engloba aspectos cognitivos, fisiológicos y motores. Objetivos: Evaluar el nivel de ansiedad y la influencia de variables sociodemográficas en los profesionales de una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Método: Estudio prospectivo transversal. A todos los médicos, enfermeros/as y auxiliares se les entregó dos cuestionarios autoadministrados en situación basal para valorar ansiedad rasgo y ansiedad estado (IDDA-EA Inventario Diferencial de Adjetivos para el Estudio del Estado de Ánimo; STAI, Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo).Resultados: Hubo una tasa de respuesta del 88,5%. El 36% puntuaron entre los centiles 30 y 70 en ansiedad estado, por encima del centil 70 el 11,8% y por debajo del centil 30 el 51%. No se encuentran diferencias significativas en relación al estamento ni a la edad. Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas entre ansiedad estado y rasgo. En función del género se obtiene una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de 8 puntos mayor para las mujeres. Conclusiones: Para la mayoría de los profesionales las situaciones cotidianas en las que se ven involucrados no suscitan cargas de ansiedad significativas ya que la mitad de los profesionales tienen unos niveles inferiores a la media de la población. Se perciben competentes y capaces de enfrentarse a sus tareas. Tienen un alto grado de interés y de atención en la actividad que desarrollan(AU)

Introduction: The professionals who routinely work in neonatal units become under stress due to the working conditions and the nature of the tasks carried out. As a consequence of this, they may have high levels of anxiety. Anxiety is defined as an emotional response or response patterns that include cognitive, physiological and behavioural aspects. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all neonatologist, nurses and care assistants who were given two self-administered questionnaires under baseline conditions, to assess Sate Anxiety and Trait Anxiety. (IDDA-EA; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).Results: The response rate was 88.5%, and 36% scored between 30 and 70 percentiles on State Anxiety, with 11.8% above the 70 percentile and 51% below the 30 percentile. There were no significant differences in relation to occupation or age. There were also no significant differences between State and Trait Anxiety. Regarding gender, it has obtained A statistically significant difference of 8 points higher was obtained for women. Conclusions: For the majority professionals everyday situations in which are involved do not significantly raise the burden of anxiety, as half of them have levels below the average. They perceive themselves as competent and able to cope with their tasks. They have a high degree of interest and attention in the activities performed(AU)

[Study of anxiety levels in neonatal unit staff]. / Estudio de los niveles de ansiedad en los profesionales de una unidad neonatal.

INTRODUCTION: The professionals who routinely work in neonatal units become under stress due to the working conditions and the nature of the tasks carried out. As a consequence of this, they may have high levels of anxiety. Anxiety is defined as an emotional response or response patterns that include cognitive, physiological and behavioural aspects. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all neonatologist, nurses and care assistants who were given two self-administered questionnaires under baseline conditions, to assess Sate Anxiety and Trait Anxiety. (IDDA-EA; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). RESULTS: The response rate was 88.5%, and 36% scored between 30 and 70 percentiles on State Anxiety, with 11.8% above the 70 percentile and 51% below the 30 percentile. There were no significant differences in relation to occupation or age. There were also no significant differences between State and Trait Anxiety. Regarding gender, it has obtained A statistically significant difference of 8 points higher was obtained for women. CONCLUSIONS: For the majority professionals everyday situations in which are involved do not significantly raise the burden of anxiety, as half of them have levels below the average. They perceive themselves as competent and able to cope with their tasks. They have a high degree of interest and attention in the activities performed.

Hematoma profundo disecante o estadio IV de dermatoporosis / Deep dissecting hematoma or stage IV dermatoporosis

No disponible

No disponible

Buscando una vacuna contra el SIDA / In the search of a vaccine against AIDS

No disponible

Seguridad de medicamentos notas sobre farmacovigilancia / Notes about drug surveillance

No disponible

Utilización de antiinfecciosos en los hospitales españoles: evolución 1997-1999 / Use of antiinfectious agents at the spanish hospitals: evolution 1997-1999

Objetivo. Describir el perfil de utilización de antiinfecciosos en los hospitales españoles a partir de su consumo y analizar su evolución durante el periodo 1997-1999.Método. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico, en el que participan voluntariamente los hospitales españoles. A través de un programa informático disponible en la página web de la sociedad, cada hospital introduce los datos de consumo de antiinfecciosos. El programa calcula los resultados en DDDs/100 estancias, que posteriormente son analizados de manera global, por tipo de hospital, vía de administración, grupo terapéutico y principio activo. Resultados. Participan en el estudio 32 hospitales en 1997, y 55 en 1998 y 1999. El consumo global de antimicrobianos en DDDs/100 estancias es de 97,45, 90,06 y 93,17 respectivamente. Existe una mayor utilización de antibióticos en hospitales con unidad de trasplantes. El uso de la vía parenteral predomina sobre la oral. El 80 por ciento del consumo corresponde a penicilinas, cefalosporinas, fluorquinolonas, macrólidos y aminoglucósidos, siendo amoxicilina-clavulánico el principio activo más consumido. Se detecta un incremento importante en el consumo de claritromicina, acompañado de un descenso en el uso de eritromicina (AU)

Seguimiento de la administración de medicamentos por sonda nasogástrica: elaboración de una guía práctica / Follow-up of the administration of medication by nasogastric tube: preparation of a practical guide

Objetivo: Realizar un estudio sobre el modo de administración de medicación a través de sonda en la práctica diaria de nuestro hospital. Elaborar una guía para la administración de medicamentos por sonda. Ámbito: Población a estudio: pacientes ingresados portadores de sonda de nutrición enteral, excepto UCI. Período de estudio: 2 meses. Intervenciones: El farmacéutico del equipo nutricional recoge, de forma prospectiva y a través del sistema de distribución de medicamentos en dosis unitaria, los datos acerca de la medicación de los pacientes sometidos a nutrición enteral por sonda, contrasta esta información con la hoja de enfermería y, si la medicación ha sido manipulada incorrectamente, recomienda las actuaciones que considere oportunas. A partir de la información obtenida de la industria farmacéutica y por revisión bibliográfica se elabora una guía de los medicamentos empleados por sonda. Resultados: El estudio se realiza sobre 25 pacientes con nutrición enteral. Se utilizaron un total de 55 especialidades farmacéuticas diferentes. La administración fue correcta en 116 de los 123 medicamentos pautados (91 por ciento); los 5 medicamentos restantes (9 por ciento) se manipularon de manera inadecuada. Se realizaron un total de 16 intervenciones sobre los 25 pacientes (64 intervenciones/100 pacientes), de las cuales fueron: 9 por cambio de forma farmacéutica sólida a líquida, 4 por manipulación incorrecta de la forma sólida, 2 por interacción medicamento-nutrición enteral y 1 por interacción medicamento-medicamento. Se elabora una guía para la administración de medicamentos por sonda, que recoge un total de 179 principios activos y 197 especialidades farmacéuticas. Conclusiones: La presencia del farmacéutico en las unidades clínicas permite detectar y resolver problemas relacionados con la administración de medicamentos por sonda. La elaboración de una guía para la administración de medicamentos por sonda es una herramienta útil como punto de partida para mejorar la utilización de medicamentos y facilitar el trabajo de enfermería (AU)

Goal: To carry out a study of how medication is administered by catheter in daily practice M our hospital. To prepare a practical guide for the administration of medication by catheter. Scope: Study population: in-patients using enteral fee-ding tubes, except ICU. Study duration: 2 months. Interventions: Through a single-dose medication distribution system, the nutrition team•s pharmacist prospectively collects the data on the medication of patients subjected to enteral feeding through a catheter and com-pares these data with the nursing record and, if the medication has been incorrectly handled, makes the pertinent recommendations. Using the information obtained from the pharmaceutical industry and a review of the literature, a guide is drawn up for the medicines used with catheters. Results: The study was carried out with 25 patients receiving enteral nutrition. A total of 55 different pharmaceutical preparations were used. Administration was correct in 116 of the 123 medicines prescribed (91 %); the other 5 drugs (9%) were incorrectly hand-led. A total of 16 alterations were recommended in 25 patients (64 recommendations/100 patients), of which 9 involved a change of pharmaceutical form from solid to liquid, 4 were due to incorrect handling of the solid form, 2 because of interaction between the medication and enteral nutrition and 1 because of interaction bet-ween concomitant medications. A guide was drawn up for the administration of medication by catheter, cove-ring a total of 179 active substances and 197 pharmaceutical products. Conclusions: The presence of a pharmacist in clinical units facilitates the detection and solution of problems associated with the administration of medication via catheters. The preparation of a handbook as a tool for the intra-catheter administration of medicines is a useful starting point for improving the use of medication and facilitating nursing tasks (AU)

[Follow-up of drug administration through nasogastric tube: development of a practice guideline]. / Seguimiento de la administración de medicamentos por sonda nasogástrica: elaboración de una guía práctica.

GOAL: To carry out a study of how medication is administered by catheter in daily practice in our hospital. To prepare a practical guide for the administration of medication by catheter. STUDY POPULATION: in-patients using enteral feeding tubes, except ICU. Study duration: 2 months. INTERVENTIONS: Through a single-dose medication distribution system, the nutrition team's pharmacist prospectively collects the data on the medication of patients subjected to enteral feeding through a catheter and compares these data with the nursing record and, if the medication has been incorrectly handled, makes the pertinent recommendations. Using the information obtained from the pharmaceutical industry and a review of the literature, a guide is drawn up for the medicines used with catheters. RESULTS: The study was carried out with 25 patients receiving enteral nutrition. A total of 55 different pharmaceutical preparations were used. Administration was correct in 116 of the 123 medicines prescribed (91%); the other 5 drugs (9%) were incorrectly handled. A total of 16 alterations were recommended in 25 patients (64 recommendations/100 patients), of which 9 involved a change of pharmaceutical form from solid to liquid, 4 were due to incorrect handling of the solid form, 2 because of interaction between the medication and enteral nutrition and 1 because of interaction between concomitant medications. A guide was drawn up for the administration of medication by catheter, covering a total of 179 active substances and 197 pharmaceutical products. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a pharmacist in clinical units facilitates the detection and solution of problems associated with the administration of medication via catheters. The preparation of a handbook as a tool for the intra-catheter administration of medicines is a useful starting point for improving the use of medication and facilitating nursing tasks.

Programa de investigación para detectar sensores epidemiológicos en áreas del sudeste bonaerense, Argentina

[Introducción] En América Latina se desarrollaron diversos cambios en salud animal en los últimos años. Por un lado se lograron avances en el control y erradicación de diversas enfermedades, estableciéndose áreas y países libres de algunas de ellas, mientras que por otra parte se sufrió la aparición de enfermedades nuevas y/o emergentes. Esto determinó que se le brinde especial importancia en los sistemas de salud animal a los programas relacionados a la vigilancia epidemiológica (VE).

Amniotic fluid phospholipids. Study of the cold acetone precipitation effect.

Amniotic fluid phospholipids were extracted and separated with chloroform: methanol (2:1 by vol). These phospholipids were also precipitated with cold acetone and the percentage of each phospholipid precipitated was calculated. The precipitation percentage of the six phospholipids studied ranged from 33.78 +/- 0.70 (mean +/- SEM) for lecithin to 93.77 +/- 1.40 for phosphatidylserine. The variation of L/S, PG/S and PI/S ratios depending on the precipitation step was also studied. We observed that cold acetone precipitation decreased L/S and PG/S ratios, whereas PI/S remained unchanged. Our results indicated that: (1) cold acetone precipitation affected each phospholipid in a different way; (2) the precipitation step was not an effective way of completely separating surfactant and non-surfactant material; (3) a new predictive value should be established if the L/S ratio without precipitation is to be used in the clinic on a daily basis.

Ages, irradiation history, and chemical composition of lunar rocks from the sea of tranquillity.

The (87)Rb-(87)Sr internal isochrons for five rocks yield an age of 3.65 +/-0.05 x 10(9) years which presumably dates the formation of the Sea of Tranquillity. Potassium-argon ages are consistent with this result. The soil has a model age of 4.5 x10(9) years, which is best regarded as the time of initial differentiation of the lunar crust. A peculiar rock fragment from the soil gave a model age of 4.44 x 10(9) years. Relative abundances of alkalis do not suggest differential volatilization. The irradiation history of lunar rocks is inferred from isotopic measurements of gadolinium, vanadium, and cosmogenic rare gases. Spallation xenon spectra exhibit a high and variable (131)Xe/(126)Xe ratio. No evidence for (129)I was found. The isotopic composition of solar-wind xenon is distinct from that of the atmosphere and of the average for carbonaceous chondrites, but the krypton composition appears similar to average carbonaceous chondrite krypton.

Potassium-feldspar phenocrysts in the surface of colomera, and iron meteorite.

Silicate aggregates, including large single crystals of potassium feldspar as long as 11 centimeters and sodium feldspar, are embeded in the surface of the medium octahedrite Colomera. Silicate nodules in the interior appear to be much smaller (about 0.3 centimeter). Glass nodules are abundant both on the external surface and in the interior. These observations are evidence that some iron meteorites formed as segregations within a silicate matrix and did not originate in a metallic core.