Caracterização genética e distribuição geográfica do vírus rábico isolado de bovinos no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil / Genetic characterization and geographic distribution of rabies virus isolates from cattle in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Foram caracterizados, geneticamente e geograficamente, o sequenciamento parcial da nucleoproteína (gene N) de 53 isolados do vírus da raiva (VR) originários do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os isolados de bovinos, que se encontravam no grupo do VR relacionado a morcegos hematófagos, foram posteriormente subdivididos em sete subgrupos genéticos. Estes subgrupos foram distribuídos em regiões de terras planas, com alguns subgrupos separados por formações de pequenas montanhas e hidrografia. Estes resultados indicam que a raiva em bovinos é derivada de diversas variantes regionalmente definidas, o que sugere que sua distribuição geográfica está relacionada as populações de morcegos hematófagos.

A total of 53 rabies virus (RV) isolates originating from cattle in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were genetically characterized. Partial nucleoprotein gene sequences of these isolates were phylogenetically and geographically analyzed. Cattle isolates, which clustered with the vampire bat related RV group, were further subdivided into 7 subgroups. These subgroups were distributed widely in lowland regions, with some subgroups separated from each other by small mountains and hydrographical features. These results indicate that cattle rabies is derived from several regionally-defined variants, which suggests that its geographical distribution is related to that of the vampire bat population.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO GENÉTICA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DO VÍRUS RÁBICO ISOLADO DE BOVINOS NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL

ABSTRACT A total of 53 rabies virus (RV) isolates originating from cattle in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were genetically characterized. Partial nucleoprotein gene sequences of these isolates were phylogenetically and geographically analyzed. Cattle isolates, which clustered with the vampire bat related RV group, were further subdivided into 7 subgroups. These subgroups were distributed widely in lowland regions, with some subgroups separated from each other by small mountains and hydrographical features. These results indicate that cattle rabies is derived from several regionally-defined variants, which suggests that its geographical distribution is related to that of the vampire bat population.

RESUMO Foram caracterizados, geneticamente e geograficamente, o sequenciamento parcial da nucleoproteína (gene N) de 53 isolados do vírus da raiva (VR) originários do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os isolados de bovinos, que se encontravam no grupo do VR relacionado a morcegos hematófagos, foram posteriormente subdivididos em sete subgrupos genéticos. Estes subgrupos foram distribuídos em regiões de terras planas, com alguns subgrupos separados por formações de pequenas montanhas e hidrografia. Estes resultados indicam que a raiva em bovinos é derivada de diversas variantes regionalmente definidas, o que sugere que sua distribuição geográfica está relacionada as populações de morcegos hematófagos.

A unique substitution at position 333 on the glycoprotein of rabies virus street strains isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil.

The amino acid R or K at position 333 on the glycoprotein of the rabies virus is considered necessary for virulence in adult mice. Although some exceptions exist, substitution at this position causes expression of a phenotype that is either less pathogenic or non-virulent. To date, such substitutions have only been found in fixed strains of rabies virus. In this study, the authors found 333H, 333N, and 333Q substitutions at this position in rabies virus street strains isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil. These strains showed pathogenicity and lethality on passage using adult mice with the intracerebral route and were confirmed rabies-positive by immunofluorescent assay. This suggests that these strains maintain virulence. Our findings indicate that rabies virus street strains with these substitutions exist in the field and may result in infection cycles.

Genetic diversity of bat rabies viruses in Brazil.

Thirty-three Brazilian bat rabies viruses (RVs) were studied by sequence analysis and were compared against sequences of bat-related RVs from other regions of the Americas. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that bat-related RVs formed several monophyletic lineages and that these were associated with bat species. Brazilian bat RVs were found to include nine major lineages, one of which grouped with RVs isolated from Lasiurus spp. from different regions of the Americas. These results suggest that there is considerable diversity among Brazilian bat RV variants and that some of these RV variants may be associated with bats from other countries.

Molecular epidemiology of rabies from Maranhão and surrounding states in the northeastern region of Brazil.

Although many outbreaks of rabies have been reported in northern Brazil, few epidemiological studies of these outbreaks have been undertaken. In this study, molecular epidemiological analyses were performed using 41 rabies virus samples isolated in the Maranhão (MA), Pará (PA), and Tocantins (TO) states of northeastern Brazil. A 599-bp region of the glycoprotein (G) gene was first amplified from each sample by RT-PCR, then sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. A phylogenetic tree divided the 41 isolates into two clades: Clade I was associated with terrestrial carnivores and Clade II was associated with vampire bats. The Clade I isolates were further sub-divided into two groups. The first group was closer to carnivore isolates that predominate in central Brazil, whereas the second group more closely resembled wild fox isolates from the northeastern coastal state of Paraíba (PB). MA isolates of Clade II formed an entirely separate group. These results demonstrate that bat- and dog-transmitted rabies occur in northwestern Brazil.

Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from wildlife and livestock in Paraiba, Brazil.

Thirty-four rabies virus (RV) isolates from foxes (8), insectivore bats (9), cattle (14), sheep (1), a goat (1) and a donkey (1) from Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil, were genetically characterized. Sequences of 890 nts of nucleoprotein (N) genes of these isolates were analyzed and compared with those of other Brazilian isolates characterized earlier. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three genetical lineages of RV co-existing in this region. Each lineage was found to be associated with particular host species and to circulate independently of each other. The first lineage was found in foxes (Dusicyon sp.) and could be discriminated from domestic carnivore isolates from Sao Paulo, Goias and Minas Gerais in the southern and central Brazil. The second lineage was associated with insectivorous bats (Molossus spp.) and differed from vampire bat-associated RV isolates. The third lineage was found in livestock and clustered with vampire bat-associated RV isolates from Sao Paulo, Tocantins, Goias and Matto Grosso. These results indicate that RV of these genetic lineages are cocirculating in the Paraiba state and that livestock in this region are infected with vampire bat-associated RV, suggesting that the vampire bat is the main reservoir of livestock rabies in this region.

Mitrofanoff gastrico continente modificado: tecnica de decio streit / Modifying continence gastric Mitrofanoff

Desde enero de 1994 hasta setiembre de 1995 utilizamos el estómago como técnica alternativa para reconstrucciones vesicales en 23 oportunidades; 15 correspondieron a gastrocistoplastias y 8 a neovejigas gástricas. Empleamos la gastrostomía modificada en 5 casos (3 gastrocistoplastias y 2 neovejigas gástricas). La gastrostomía modificada por nosostros es un procedimiento inédito correspondiente a una variante de la gastrostomía clásica en neovejigas gástricas o gastrocistoplastias que garantiza una perfecta irrigación del segmento cateterizable y disminuye el tiempo operatorio. En nuestra casuística las edades oscilaron entre 2 y 58 años con seguimiento postoperatorio de 40 días a 12 meses. De los 5 casos, todos obtuvieron continencia total

Apendicocecostomia y Mitrofanoff apendicular / Appendicocecostomy and appendicular Mitrofanoff

Presentamos un caso clínico de incontinencia urinaria parcial en un paciente de sexo masculino de 17 años y diagnótico de meningomielocele, vejiga neurogénica de baja capacidad y disminución del tono uretral, el cual fue sometido anteriormente a gastrocistoplastia, técnica de Kropp, colocación de un esfínter uretral artificial estático de Lima

Mitrofanoff gastrico continente modificado: tecnica de decio streit / Modifying continence gastric Mitrofanoff

Desde enero de 1994 hasta setiembre de 1995 utilizamos el estómago como técnica alternativa para reconstrucciones vesicales en 23 oportunidades; 15 correspondieron a gastrocistoplastias y 8 a neovejigas gástricas. Empleamos la gastrostomía modificada en 5 casos (3 gastrocistoplastias y 2 neovejigas gástricas). La gastrostomía modificada por nosostros es un procedimiento inédito correspondiente a una variante de la gastrostomía clásica en neovejigas gástricas o gastrocistoplastias que garantiza una perfecta irrigación del segmento cateterizable y disminuye el tiempo operatorio. En nuestra casuística las edades oscilaron entre 2 y 58 años con seguimiento postoperatorio de 40 días a 12 meses. De los 5 casos, todos obtuvieron continencia total(AU)

Apendicocecostomia y Mitrofanoff apendicular / Appendicocecostomy and appendicular Mitrofanoff

Presentamos un caso clínico de incontinencia urinaria parcial en un paciente de sexo masculino de 17 años y diagnótico de meningomielocele, vejiga neurogénica de baja capacidad y disminución del tono uretral, el cual fue sometido anteriormente a gastrocistoplastia, técnica de Kropp, colocación de un esfínter uretral artificial estático de Lima(AU)

The replacement of serum by hormones in cell culture media.

The replacement of serum by hormones in cell culture media. (Reemplazo del suero por hormonas en el medio de cultivo de células). Arch. Biol. Med. Exper. 10: 120-121, 1976. The serum used in cell culture media can be replaced by a mixture of hormones and some accesory blood factors. The pituitary cell line GH3 can be grown in a medium in which serum is replaced by triiodothyronine, transferrin, parathormone, tyrotrophin releasing hormone and somatomedins. Hela and BHK cell strains can also be grown in serum free medium supplemented with hormones. Each cell type appears to have different hormonal requirements yet it may found that some hormones are required for most cell types.