[Lower extremity arteriopathy disease in the elderly: A systematic review]. / Artériopathie distale du sujet âgé : revue de la littérature.

Lower Extremity Arteriopathy Disease in the elderly is frequent with an ongoing increase of it prevalence and incidence mainly due to diabetes, hypertension and aging of the population. Despite improvement of revascularization therapy, outcome in this population is poor affected by frailty of elderly patient. Aging is associated with a higher prevalence of below the knee disease and wound, often with diagnostic delay leading to a major rate of amputation, mortality and alteration of quality of life. Moreover, it leads to an important health cost for society. This review aims to describe main features of LEAD in the elderly, providing keys for early recognition and managing of such disease in this population.

Femoropopliteal In-stent Restenosis Repair: Midterm Outcomes After Paclitaxel Eluting Balloon Use (PLAISIR Trial).

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess 18 month outcomes of the paclitaxel eluting balloon (PEB) in patients with femoropopliteal (FP) in-stent restenosis (ISR). METHODS: In a national prospective and multicentre cohort study, symptomatic patients with femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis were included from January 2012 to June 2013. Patients were treated by paclitaxel eluting balloon angioplasty (In Pact Admiral, Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA, USA). Clinical and duplex scan follow-up evaluations were performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months. The primary endpoint was freedom from target lesion revascularisation (TLR) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), Target extremity revascularisation (TER), primary and secondary sustained clinical improvement, recurrent restenosis rate, primary and secondary patency, quality of life assessed by EQ-5D questionnaire, technical success, clinical success, and length of stay RESULTS: A total of 53 patients were enrolled. After a blinded review, 10 patients were defined as protocol violation because restenosis occurred more than 2 years after stent implantation. Procedures were performed in 55 limbs, 48 (87%) for claudication and 7 (13%) for critical limb ischaemia. The mean diameter and length of PEB were 6 ± 0.57 mm and 86 mm ± 32 mm, follow-up was 17 months (range 1-19). At 1 year, the survival rate was 96 ± 2.7% and freedom from TLR and TER were 90.2 ± 4.2% and 85 ± 5%, respectively. Sustained primary and secondary clinical improvements were 78.6 ± 5.7% and 92.0 ± 3.8%, respectively. At 1 year, the primary patency rate was 83.7 ± 5.0%. Prior to the procedure, the mean EQ-5D score was 66 ± 14 and 74 ± 16 at 1 year (p = .10). Two patients died during follow-up; one patient died 33 days after the procedure because of limb ischaemia. CONCLUSION: PEB for the treatment of FP ISR is associated with a low rate of re-interventions and restenosis. Clinical improvement is maintained at 18 months.

[Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis]. / Angioplastie rénale: état des lieux en 2014.

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis can cause ischaemic nephropathy and arterial hypertension. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) continues to be a problem for clinicians, with no clear consensus on how to investigate and assess the clinical significance of stenotic lesions and manage the findings. RAS caused by fibromuscular dysplasia is probably commoner than previously appreciated, should be actively looked for in younger hypertensive patients and can be managed successfully with angioplasty. Atheromatous RAS is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular events and increased cardiovascular mortality, and is likely to be seen with increasing frequency. Many patients with RAS may be managed effectively with medical therapy for several years without endovascular stenting, as demonstrated by randomized, prospective trials including the cardiovascular outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) trial, the Angioplasty and Stenting for Renal Artery Lesions (ASTRAL) trial. These trials share the limitation of excluding subsets of patients with high-risk clinical presentations, including episodic pulmonary edema and rapidly progressing renal failure and hypertension. Blood pressure control and medication adjustment may become more difficult with declining renal function and may prevent the use of angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The objective of this review is to evaluate the current management of RAS for cardiologists in the context of recent randomized clinical trials. There is now interest in looking more closely at patient selection for intervention, with focus on intervening only in patients with the highest-risk presentations such as flash pulmonary edema, rapidly declining renal function and severe resistant hypertension.

[Transradial peripheral angioplasty]. / Angioplastie périphérique par voie radiale.

Radial access for coronary intervention has gained popularity due to a low rate of access site bleeding complications and the possibility for early discharge. The preferential access site for peripheral intervention remains femoral, via antegrade or retrograde puncture. Not all peripheral lesions are suitable for transradial intervention due to the distance between the access site and the lesion location. This technique requires a precise strategy planning and knowledge of the available devices. We describe accessible sites from radial approach and the techniques to be used.

[Treatment of intrastent restenosis by drug eluting stents: experience from one cardiology centre]. / Traitement des resténoses intrastent par un stent actif: experience monocentrique.

Many interventional treatments have been proposed for intrastent stenosis, in particular by drug-eluting stents, with encouraging results. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of patients with restenosis of an ordinary uncovered stent treated by a drug eluting stent in a prospective series. The register included 43 patients (50 intrastent restenoses) treated by a drug eluting stent (Cypher or Taxus). The restenosis lesion was focal in 32% of cases with an average length of 14.8 +/- 8 mm and diameter inferior to 2.5 mm in 48% of cases. A Cypher stent was implanted in 44% of cases and a Taxus stent in 56% of cases. After an average follow-up of 6.7 +/- 1.3 months, the major adverse cardiac event rate was 9.3%. It included one transmural infarct in a patient, due to stent thrombosis, and symptomatic restenoses in 3 patients (clinical restenosis rate: 7%). An angiographic control was performed in 15 patients (35%) identifying focal restenosis at the exit of the stent in the 3 symptomatic patients. As in previously reported studies, these results show that with well conducted platelet antiaggregant therapy, the treatment of intrastent restenosis with a drug eluting stent is effective with a low rate of adverse cardiovascular events which compares favourably with previously proposed techniques of management.

[A new cause of increased troponin levels: junctional tachycardia]. / Une nouvelle cause d'élévation de la troponine: la tachycardie jonctionnelle.

The authors report 4 cases of acute coronary syndromes with increased troponine levels during junctional tachycardia in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. ST segment changes during junctional tachycardia have no predictive value for the detection of coronary artery disease. Increased troponine, a marker of myocardial cellular necrosis, is not a sign of coronary lesions. A disequilibrium between the increased metabolic and energetic requirements of the myocardium and decreased perfusion due to the tachycardia could explain this observation. The recommended management of these patients is not to perform coronary angiography initially in the absence of cerebrovascular risk factors, but rather to document myocardial ischaemia by a non-invasive method such as echocardiography or scintigraphy.