[Long-term neurological outcomes in premature children with excitotoxic brain damage]. / Otdalennye nevrologicheskie iskhody u nedonoshennykh detei pri eksaitotoksicheskom povrezhdenii golovnogo mozga.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prognostic significance of a biomarker of excitotoxic brain damage (antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor) as a predictor of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in preterm infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 24 newborns with a gestational age of 24-33 weeks were examined with the determination of the level of antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the NMDA glutamate receptor on the 21st day of life. RESULTS: In the course of the study, it was found that the level of antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the NMDA glutamate receptor on the 21st day of life, in combination with the level of cord blood lactate and the resistance of cerebral vessels on the 1st day of life, can be predictors of CNS damage in a premature baby at the age of 1 month of corrected age. Predictors of an unfavorable neurological outcome at the age of 1 year of corrected age in a premature baby with perinatal CNS damage are the level of cord blood lactate and antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the NMDA glutamate receptor, determined on the 21st day of life in a newborn. CONCLUSION: The biomarker of excitotoxic brain damage can be a predictor of long-term neurological outcome and determine the amount, type and duration of neuroprotective care for premature infants.

[Comparative analysis of thoracoscopic and open thymectomy for thymoma stage I-II]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz neposredstvennykh rezul'tatov videotorakoskopicheskikh i otkrytykh timektomii pri lechenii timom I­II stadii.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the short-term postoperative outcomes in patients with thymoma stage I-II by using of thoracoscopic thymectomy (VATS TE) and to compare this technique with open (OTE) thymectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 98 patients who had undergone surgery for thymoma stage I and II for the period from January 2001 to December 2019. VATS TE (main group) was performed in 53 (54.1%) cases, OTE (control group) - in 45 (45.9%) patients. RESULTS: Duration of VATS TE and OTE was similar. VATS procedure was characterized by less intraoperative blood loss (50 vs 225 ml, p=0.000), lower pain scores and morphine consumption (p=0.000), shorter postoperative pleural drainage (1.5 vs 3.8 days, p=0.000), and postoperative hospital-stay (7.6 vs 12.7 days, p=0.000). Incidence of major complications was significantly less in the main group (9.4% vs. 1.9%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: VATS TE is effective and safe procedure for thymoma stage I-II. Postoperative period after VATS TE is characterized by less intraoperative blood loss, incidence of complications, duration of pleural drainage and hospital-stay.

[Outcomes of minimally invasive surgery for mediastinal neurogenic tumors]. / Rezul'taty minimal'no-invazivnykh vmeshatel'stv pri khirurgicheskom lechenii neirogennykh opukholei sredosteniya.

OBJECTIVE: To improve postoperative outcomes in patients with mediastinal neurogenic tumors by using of minimally invasive surgical approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 108 patients who underwent surgery for mediastinal neurogenic tumors for the period 2001-2019. Short-term outcomes of conventional and minimally invasive (VATS, supraclavicular approach and their combination with laminectomy) surgeries were analyzed. RESULTS: Paravertebral tumor in posterior mediastinum was diagnosed in 71 patients, apical neoplasm - 34 patients, anterior mediastinal tumor - in 3 patients. Thirteen patients had dumbbell tumors. VATS was applied in 61 (56.5%) patients, thoracotomy - 22 (20.4%) cases, supraclavicular approach - 4 (3.7%) patients, combination of VATS and supraclavicular approach - 2 (1.9%) patients, cervicosternotomy - 10 (9.3%) cases, combination of VATS and laminectomy - 2 (1.9%) patients, thoracotomy and laminectomy - 3 (2.8%) cases, supraclavicular approach and laminectomy - 1 (0.9%) patient, cervicosternotomy and laminectomy - 3 (2.8%) patients. Regardless location of tumor, minimally invasive surgery reduced blood loss, perioperative morbidity, duration of drainage and hospital-stay. CONCLUSION: Most posterior neurogenic tumors can be resected via VATS. Supraclavicular approach is recommended for tumors extending in cervical region. Combination of laminectomy and VATS or supraclavicular approach are appropriate for patients with dumbbell tumors.

[ASSOCIATION OF CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODIES LEVEL WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY BASED ON GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR GENE BBL1 POLYMORPHISM].

The ambiguity of facts on connection between glucocorticoid receptor gene (GR) Bcl1 polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its activity as well as lack of facts on its association with serological variants of the desease, makes ir reasonable to investigate its connections between cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodiss (ACCP) concentration and clinico-laboratorial parameters of RA (DAS 28 desease activity score, C-reactive protein concentration (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level based on GR gene Bcl1 polymorphism. Study involved 161 RA patients aged over 40 as well as 96 healthy individuals. Routine examination of RA diagnostics, anthropometric and molecular genetic methods were used in the research. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS-17 program. It has been proved that there is no significant difference in GR gene Bcl1 polymorphism distribution based on DAS 28 RA desease activity score, ACCP concentration and ESR level. However, we have found out that G/G genotype bearers have positive correlation relationship between ACCP titre and RA activity by laboratorial parameters (CRP, ESR),DAS 28 score and rheumatoid factor (RF) which has not been found in C/C and C/G genotype bearing patients. The above indicates the association of G/G genotype by GR gene Bcl1 polymorphism with clinico-laboratorial parameters of RA inflammatory activity. In course of the study we have identified the existance of correlation relationship between ACCP concentration and DAS 28 score of RA activity, CRP concentration and ESR level in individuals bearing G/G gene by GR gene Bcl11 polymorphism gene. The association between GR gene Bcl1 polymorphism and clinico-laboratorial parameters of RA inflammatory activity has not been found.

[METHODS IN ABDOMINAL OBESITY].

This article describes the anatomical and physiological, histological and topographic features of adipose tissue on the relationship of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. An advanced diagnostic techniques of total body fat and visceral fat content quantification as the most metabolically active are described.

[Biodistribution of the recombinant heat shock protein rhHsp70 in intracranial C6 glioma models in Wistar rats and subcutaneos B16/F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice].

For the first time, the biodistribution of recombinant heat shock protein in rhHsp70 rats with grafted intracranial C6 glioma was evaluated. It was assessed using the fluorescent antibody accumulation chaperone rhHsp70 conjugated with fluorochrome Alexa Fluor 555 in tumor cells by intratumoral or intravenous administration. Assessment of the distribution and accumulation of labeled protein was carried out on the model of subcutaneous B16/F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice with the use of single-photon emission computer tomography. After 60 minutes after intravenous administration rhHsp70-I123 (20 MBq, 5 mg chaperone) accumulation of the drug mainly in the liver and tumor tissue was showed. The coefficient of the differential accumulation of the labeled protein KDN(tumor/background) was 3.14. It was turned out that comparing the level of fixation of rhHsp70-I123 in the liver and the tumor KDN(tumor/ liver) = 0.76. After 24 hours from the time of injection of rhHsp70-I123 it was observed increase the level of fixation of the labeled protein in the liver and melanoma: KDN(tumor/background) = 3.43; KDN(tumor/liver = 0.78.

[Gene of glucocorticoid receptor: structure, polymorphism and clinical associations].

The article provides modern information about the structure of glucocorticoid receptor gene and its isoforms, the most common variants of missens and allelic polymorphisms. The polymorphisms N363S, BclI, ER22/23EK and TthIIII were characterized. The relationship of these polymorphisms with physique and metabolic changes, cardiovascular system diseases as well as with sensitivity to glucocorticoids (GCS) was analyzed. It has been established that N363S and BclI polymorphisms are associated with hypersensitivity to corticosteroids and can be the predictors of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and polymorphisms ER22/23EK and TthIIII are associated with resistance to GC and favorable metabolic profile.

[Development mechanisms and prognostic value of myocardial ischemia].

Silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is a poor prognostic sign of cardiac events development, such as myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. This article presents the last decade research findings dedicated exploring mechanisms of SMI development and prognostic value in patients with coronary heart disease.

[The role of branched-chain amino acids metabolism in development of cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors].

Branched-chain amino acids play the key role in many metabolism processes in organism generally and in cardiovascular protection. It was discovered its importance in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant and antiaging processes, its antihypertension and antiarrhythmic effects, its role in obesity and diabetes mellitus.

[Obstructive sleep apnea: connection with cardiovascular diseases and basic methods of diagnostics].

These literatures are analyses about reasons, pathogenesis, and clinical displays obstructive sleep apnea. Mechanisms over of connection are brought sleep obstructive apnea with development of hypertensive, of cardiac arrhythmias, development of metabolic syndrome, obesity, to pulmonary hypertension, write ventricular insufficiency.

[The effects of hypoxia on initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Hypoxia accompanied chronic obstructive pulmonary disease leads to hypercoagulation, vessels' inflammation, imbalance of oxidative and antioxidative systems. These pathological changes cause arterial hypertension, corpulmonale, metabolism disturbance of the whole organism.

[Soils contamination with heavy metals in Vladivostok].

To evaluate soil pollution with toxic chemicals near preschool institutions in Vladivostok city, the author used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to study levels of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Sr, Pb, Cd and Cs. Soils from reference territories (nine settlements in Primorsky region) were taken for comparison. The levels in the city soil appeared to be reliably higher (Cu level--2.18 times, Zn level--2.61 times, that of Pb--5.15 times, Cd level--2.33 times, Sr level--1.85 times and Cs level--1.68 times) than those in the reference territories. Findings are that soils near preschool institutions in Vladivostok are significantly contaminated with heavy metals.

[Impact of arterial stiffness on cardiovascular disease and hypoxia].

We performed an analysis of scientific studies about arterial stiffness impacting on cardiovascular diseases and special mechanisms of its developing. One of these mechanisms is hypoxie endothelial damage. Pulse pressure, aortic pulse wave velocity, the shape of the blood pressure curve, rheography, rheovasography are the methods for determinating arterial stiffness.

[Blood levels of trace elements in urban children with diffuse non-toxic goiter].

The blood concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese, copper, and zinc were studied in Vladivostok schoolchildren with diffuse non-toxic goiter followed up by an endocrinologist for 2-5years. It was established that the content of cadmium, cobalt, lead, and manganese significantly exceeded the relevant values in healthy adolescents and that of copper was lower. Zinc levels did not differ from those in healthy individuals.

[Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and its value for a human body].

The article is devoted to the study of metabolism of polynonsaturated fat acids in a human body as antiatherogenous which prevents the development of cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, hypertension), as well as oncological diseases, a peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

[Immunoglobulins of blood serum in patients with stable and unstable angina].

Article is devoted to the study of immunoglobulins (Ig) classes A, G and M in blood serum of patients with stable and unstable clinical course of ischemic heart disease that improve our knowledge about immuneinflammatory process which develops under destabilization of a coronary circulation.

[Changes of fatty acid spectrum of thrombocyte lipids in patients with a stable and unstable angina].

Ischemic heart desease (IHD) remains actual issue of the current clinical medicine, because, IHD takes a leading position among reasons of death rate of population. Purpose of the study was to find diagnostic features of fat-acid composition of lipid of thrombocytes in patients with stable and unstable course of ischemic heart disease (IHD). 52 patients with an unstable angina pectoris aged 42-65 years and 31 patients with stable angina aged 41-66 years have been observed. Reliable changes in relation of the sum of saturated, unsaturated and poli-unsaturated of fat acids of phosphotides of thrombocytes in patients with unstable course of ischemic heart disease (IHD) have been detected. It improves knowledge about the mechanisms of destabilization of coronal circulation of blood.

[Connection of endothelial dysfunction and level of blood leukocytes with clinical course of stable angina pectoris in patients with ischemic heart disease].

The authors presents in the article information on influence of endothelial dysfunction and level of blood leukocytes with clinical course of stable angina pectoris in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). 104 male patients aged from 36 to 69 (on average 54.9+/-2.1 years) with IHD and stage I-III stable angina pectoris have been observed. The level of leukocytes, ECG daily monitoring, endotelial function with the help of Celermaera-Sorensena test and plasma concentration of endothelin I have been studied in patients. It was established that there is no significant different (P>0.05) in the level of leukocytes between health persons and patients with IHD independently of functional class of angina pectoris. Patients with IHD had higher level of endothelin I in their blood serum than those in a control group. Patients with IHD have a complicated endothelial-non-dependent vasodilation and an increased thickness of the complex intima-media, there is a negative correlation bond between these characteristics. Patients III functional class of angina pectoris has also reliably decreased endothelial-dependent vasodilation by 37%. Frequency of ventricular extrasystoles in patients with IHD and endothelial dysfunction increases by 12 times.

[Role of 18F-FDG PET in tumor grading and evaluating effectiveness of therapy in malignant lymphomas].

The report compares the results of (multi-layer spiral computed tomography) (MSCT), 67 Ga citrate lymph scintigraphy and 18FDG PET in patients with Hodgkin's disease. The predictive significance of the latter method exceeded that of MSCT and ultrasound in diagnosing lymph node neoplasia below the diaphragm. As far as peripheral and mediastinal lymph nodes are concerned, the MSCT efficiency of the three procedures was comparable. Advantage was offered by PET in early evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, its practical significance for assessing tumor sensitivity to therapy as well as differentiation between viable tumor tissue and fibrosis was demonstrated.

[Role of 123-I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging as a component in the diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastoma].

Tomoscintigraphy with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine reveals function of tumor tissue. It may be used for both primary diagnosis of neuroblastoma, monitoring treatment efficiency and prognosis. Before single photon emission tomography using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine is undertaken, MRI by means of computed tomography should be carried out in abdominal area to ensure perfect blending of multimodal images.