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Background: Living donor renal transplant involves highly technical operations in both a healthy donor and a recipient with end-stage kidney disease. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) is used to assess critical donor anatomy, but its interpretation becomes increasingly difficult as renal anatomy becomes more complex. Case Report: A related donor was denied because of prohibitive anatomy seen on the pretransplant evaluation CTA. As the donor was highly motivated to donate, CTA DICOM images were segmented to create a 3-dimensional (3D) model that could be evaluated in an immersive and stereoscopic virtual reality (VR) environment. The donor's anatomy was found to be acceptable, and he was approved. Conclusion: In live donor nephrectomy candidates, 3D reconstruction and VR visualization can be used to facilitate appreciation of complex anatomy.
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BACKGROUND: Optimal curative therapy for locally advanced esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer might not be offered to elderly patients due to patient and treating physician perception of the high risk of therapy. To understand the risk of multimodality curative therapy, including surgical resection in the elderly population, we studied our experience with curative therapy in this patient population and compared the risks and outcomes with those in a younger population. STUDY DESIGN: Between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019, four hundred and five consecutive patients with esophageal or EGJ cancer underwent primary treatment at our institution, including esophagectomy. Data collected included demographic information, tumor stage, preoperative Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, treatment variables, and short- and long-term outcomes. Patients who were 70 years or older were classified as the "older" group and patients younger than 70 years were "younger." RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight younger (mean age 59 years) and 94 older (mean age 74 years) patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection for stage II and higher cancer. Preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologist and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were significantly worse in the older group. Postoperative atrial fibrillation and urinary retention developed more often in the older group. Despite this, the rate of postoperative Clavien-Dindo complication severity scores of 3 or higher, perioperative mortality rates, and lengths of stay were similar. Long-term age-adjusted survival rate was 44.8% at 5 years for the group 70 years or older and 39% for the group younger than 70 years (NS). CONCLUSIONS: Patients 70 years and older with locally advanced esophageal or EGJ cancer should be evaluated for optimal curative therapy including neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection. Although preoperative risk scoring and postoperative atrial arrythmias are higher in the older group, short- and long-term outcomes are not inferior in these patients.
