[The medical demographic indicators and health preservation of rural population of the Russian Federation].

For the last 20 years of analysis, mortality rate of rural population was higher than that one of entire population; in 2020, increasing of mortality due to COVID-19 was noted.The indicators were 15.4 per 1000 population for rural population, and 14.3‰ for urban population. In 2021, the indicators increased up to 17.5 and 16.5‰, respectively. The birth rate of rural population over last 20 years tended to increasing. In 2013, mortality and birth rates became equal (14.5‰). In subsequent years, birth rate decreased and in 2021 amounted to 9.6‰ and in 2022 to 9.5‰. In 2021, the indicator of general morbidity of rural population of the Russian Federation was 124941.0‰oo For entire population the indicator was higher - 167713.8‰oo. In 2021, the highest rates of general morbidity of rural population were in the classes of diseases of the respiratory system - 34470.2‰oo and the circulatory system - 21588.2‰oo. In 2021, the ranking of general incidence of rural population in the Federal districts of the Russian Federation demonstrated difference in indicators by 1.5 times and in the subjects of the Russian Federation it reached 5.3 times. The highest indicator was noted in the Nenets Autonomous District - 278926.7‰oo, the lowest one in the Magadan Oblast - 52441.5‰oo. In 2021, the incidence of COVID-19 in rural population amounted to 2151.9‰oo. In 2021, the indicator increased by 2.8 times up to 6056.8‰oo. There is 2.4-fold increase in incidence of COVID-19 in rural population from 3391.1‰oo (2020) to 8085.7‰oo (2021). The ranking of incidence rates of rural population of COVID-19 in the subjects of the Russian Federation demonstrated difference in 15.6 times. The highest indicators were noted in the Republic of Khakassia - 14104.1 per 100 thousand population and the lowest in the Magadan region - 902.9‰oo. Conclusions. The unfavorable medical and demographic situation in the countryside indicates the low availability of medical care, the need for financial support of rural areas at the municipal, regional and Federal levels.

[The results of analysis of morbidity and mortality of population in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic].

The COVID-19 pandemic has its own objective features associated with density of residence, organization and accessibility of medical care, migration characteristics of population, etc. Therefore, analysis of current situation with coronavirus in the Russian Federation, its Federal Okrugs and subjects is needed. The coronavirus infection resulted in significant changes in indicators of primary morbidity and mortality of population of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study - to apply the results of analysis of primary morbidity of population of Moscow, the Central Federal Okrug and the Russian Federation in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic in developing recommendations on population health preservation. The monographic, statistical, analytical methods were applied. The official statistics data of Minzdrav of Russia and Rosstat were used. The comparative analysis of for the first time diagnosed morbidity (in 2020) in Moscow, the Central Federal Okrug and the Russian Federation established similar distribution of incidence rates for three key classes of diseases. The first rank place took respiratory diseases, the second one took traumas, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes and the third rank place took COVID-19. The decreasing of primary morbidity of population in the Russian Federation in 2019-2020 was established for almost all classes of diseases that is related to diminishing of dispensary and preventive activities concerning population. The morbidity rate of COVID-19 in the Federal Okrugs of the Russian Federation is presented. The ranking of subjects of the Russian Federation according to indicators of established pandemic was applied. The difference between the highest and the lowest morbidity rates of COVID-19 in the subjects of the Russian Federation made up to 16.8 times. The analysis established that COVID-19 determined increasing of life losses because of respiratory diseases (pneumonia in particular); circulatory system diseases (ischemic heart disease in particular); diabetes mellitus, etc. The statistical accounting of causes of death associated with COVID-19 is not accompanied by noticeable improvement of coding quality of other causes of death. The results of the analysis is be applied in developing management decisions.

[The morbidity with temporary disability and its regional characteristics in the Russian Federation in 2000-2018].

The article presents the results of analysis of dynamics of morbidity of working population with temporary disability in the Russian Federation in 2000-2018 according its causes, assessment of gender and age differences and in the context of Federal Okrugs and subjects The Russian Federation. The significant changes in rate and duration of temporary disability indices on National and Regional levels are considered. The absence of differences in structure of causes and average duration of morbidity with temporary disability is analyzed. The most "damaging" gender and age groups of working population in cases and days are determined, that determines need in development of target efficient measures of preventing and reducing temporary disability in Russia.

[The Morbidity of Children Population and Its Regional Characteristics in the Russian Federation in 2012-2018].

The article presents the analysis of results of the study of incidence and prevalence of children diseases in Russia in 2012-2018 including structure of diseases classes, regional characteristics in the Federal okrugs and regions and assessment of chronization coefficient. The significant changes are established in incidence cases rate by disease classes in the Federal districts and regions, in dynamics of chronization coefficient, and their absence in morbidity structure.

[The actual problems of traumatism in the Russian Federation].

In 2005-2018, marked decreasing of morbidity of trauma, intoxications and other outcomes of impact of external causes in the Russian Federation was registered. In the Ural Federal Okrug, the rate of decreasing was the lowest and made up to 1.3%. In the subjects of the Federal District, the highest rates are registered in the Kurgan and Chelyabinsk Oblast. In 2010-2017, mortality from external causes decreased most intensively in the North Western Federal Okrug - up to 40.6% and least intensively in the South Federal Okrug up to 28.4%. The mortality of traffic accidents decreased most markedly up to 2.1 times from 22.4 to 10.5 cases per 100 thousand of the population. There is decreasing in indices of traumatism and trauma mortality in most territories of the Russian Federation. In recent years, slowdown of this trend is present that testifies the necessity of further development of measures targeting organization of medical care of the injured based on organization of traumatological centers for all injured, and not only those ones of traffic accidents.

[The persistent disability of population in the Russian Federation: analysis and assessment of regional characteristics].

The disability is one of the main indices of public health, along with medical and demographic characteristics, morbidity and physical development that characterizes level of social economic development and is a major problem of health and social care authorities. The availability of statistical data and analysis of problem of population disability will allow to properly plan activities of various administrative bodies. The article presents trends of persistent disability in the Russian Federation during the studied period. In recent years, total number of disabled people has been gradually decreasing. In Russia, most of disabled people have disability group II. At the same time, the percentage of persons with group III increases and proportion of disabled persons with the groups I and II gradually decreases. The children disability in Russia tends to increase. In the Russian Federation, the analysis of regional differences in disability is presented. The analysis and assessment of regional characteristics of disability are necessary for planning and forecasting measures of medical and social support of persons with disability. The analysis of available statistical data permitted to established interdepartmental dissociation on this issue. The results of the study permitted to conclude that the need of increasing attention to the problem of disability results in strengthening interdepartmental interactions and developing of unified register of disabled people.

[The complex evaluation of target indices population health in the Central Federal Okrug of the Russian Federation].

The article presents the results of analysis of values and dynamics of changes in indicators of fertility rate, expected life expectancy, total and infant mortality, able-bodied mortality, mortality of circulatory system diseases, neoplasms, and road traffic accidents in 18 subjects of the Central Federal Okrug of the Russian Federation in 2015-2018. The results of comparative analysis of factual values of mentioned indicators with values of target indicators approved by the "Health care Development Strategy in the Russian Federation for period up to 2025" (2019) are presented. The necessary scope of correction of existing discrepancies are established. Reducing by 20% indicators of mortality of able-bodied age, circulatory system diseases and road accidents is needed to reach target values in more than half of the subjects of the Okrug for each cause of death. Based on the results of comprehensive ranking of analyzed health indicators, rating position of each subject in the Central Federal Okrug is determined. For the subjects of the Central Federal District, the analysis established significant differences in indicators values, volume of their changes, possibilities of achieving target goals, rating position and inter-territorial gaps. It is demonstrated that differences in extreme values of summing of ranks of the subjects of the Central Federal District increased up to 5.1 times in 2015, up to 5.5 times in 2016, up to 6.0 times in 2017 and up to 6.2 times in 2018 that substantiate marked tendency of increasing territorial differentiation.

[The characteristics of medical demographic development of the Republic of Dagestan].

The issues of assessing medical and demographic processes and improving public health are very actual in Russia. The article analyzes the current state and regional characteristics of medical and demographic development using the example of the Republic of Dagestan. The positive tendency of the main fertility indicators was determined, including the analysis of the age structure of the population and population size alterations.

[Current indicators of fertility and mortality of population in the region of central Russia].

The article analyzes the indicators of population reproduction on the example of the Kostroma region, presents the dynamics of the main medical and demographic indicators of the region: age structure of the population, mortality, fertility, migration, marriage and divorce rates, as well as the starting positions for overcoming reproductive and demographic disadvantages.

[The contribution of the N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health into development of science and public health].

The article is devoted to the history of the creation and activities of the N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health. On the basis of the analysis of archival materials and scientific works of the staff of the Institute, the main results of the Institute work for 75 years are presented. The contribution of the Institute to the development of science and health care in the USSR and the Russian Federation is investigated.

[The activities of the N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health in the field of mother and child health care (to the seventy fifth anniversary of the Institute)].

The main ways of formation and development of complex scientific research of Federal public budgetary scientific institution "The National Public Health Research Institute named after N. A. Semashko¼ in the section of health protection of mother and child are tracked. Irrespective of departmental accessory, a task which were set for its collective for these 75 years at stages of the USSR - the Russian Federation affected transformation of its names, fully corresponding to the changing social and economic conditions of the country, extent of development of science in the field and to requirements of the branch of health care, all business of public health care.

[About Problems of Palliative Care].

The palliative care is determined as "a complex of medical interventions targeted to deliverance from pain and relief of other severe manifestations of disease, for improving quality of life of terminally ill citizens" (Art. 36 of the Federal Law of 21.11.2011 № 323FZ) on the stage of uncontrolled progression of disease. The actual status and accessibility of palliative care was analyzed, including development of this issue in both the Russian Federation and number of foreign countries. According to the WHO, in Russia, 360-460 out of 100,000 population need palliative care. Out of them, 200 individuals with oncologic diseases, 150 individuals with non-malignant diseases and 12 individuals with AIDS/HIV. The health authorities face the task of significant increasing of scope of palliative care to make it more accessible. In recent years, issues of palliative care were intensively considered at the level of patients, of public organizations and legislators, as well as at the level of physicians, the Ministry of Health Care officials and others. Despite the great attention of researchers to issues of palliative care, the majority of physicians confirm its low accessibility to patients, as testify the results of survey of health workers carried out by the Foundation of Independent Monitoring of Medical Services "Zdorovie". The article also considers issues of normative base regulating palliative care provision and application of narcotic analgesics. The analysis of study results permits to conclude that despite considerable attention to palliative care, the issue of its accessibility continoue to be very actual.

[The Occupational, Housing and Family Risk Factors in Prognostication of Myocardium Infarction Morbidity].

The results of prevalence and prognostic significance of occupational, housing and family risk factors for myocardial infarction are presented. The significance of the analyzed risk factors for predicting development of myocardial infarction is established. The myocardial infarction (MI) have to do with global social and medical evidential problems. The MI morbidity results in significant economic and social damage. The loss of the gross domestic product as a result of MI mortality in able-bodied age prevails in the structure of economic damage in the Russian Federation and makes up to more than 49 billion rubles per year. In MI patients such risk factors as tense psychological relationships at work, duration of workday more than 8 hours are highly spread. This is especially true for tensed psychological relationships at work, which are 5.6 times more likely to be detected in patients with MI as compared with other groups of patients. The study demonstrated considerable prevalence and significant role of particular professional, housing and family risk factors in the MI development. It is proved that physical overloads, unsatisfactory housing conditions and lack of one's own housing are of highest prevalence and prognostic significance. The study data permits to prognosticate possibility of MI development and to implement preventive and curative measures prior to onset of disease resulting in decreasing of MI morbidity, various complications and mortality.

[On the Issue of Development of the International Classification of Diseases].

The article presents history of development and becoming of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), including its importance and necessity for health care.

[The Morbidity of Infection Diseases in the USSR: Myths and Reality. Report II. 1950-1990].

The article considers the made known, systematized and analyzed indices of morbidity of infectious diseases in the USSR in 1950-1990. The results of comparative analysis of morbidity of infectious diseases in the USSR and developed countries are presented. It is proved that despite of current opinion presented in publications epidemiological morbidity in the USSR was not eradicated.

[The Population Provision with Physicians in the Russian Empire in XIX--Early XX Centuries].

The article presents data concerning number of physicians and their supply to population of the Russian Empire in 1809-1913. It is reasonable to affirm that health care system of the Russian Empire during this period had no opportunities to efficiently implement function of health care.

[The Actual Legal and Organizational Problems of Licensing of Military Medical Expertise].

The article presents analysis of problems of organization of functioning of military medical commissions in the light of implementation of complex of activities related to licensing of military medical expertise as a type of medical activity. The conceptual definitions and main legislative acts regulating procedures of licensing of the given type of expertise are considered. The characteristics of functioning of military medical expertise in actual conditions of Russia, including experience of Moscow and the Moskovskaia oblast are established.

[The ways of improvement of implementation of the concept the Federal system of training of citizens of the Russian Federation to military service].

The article presents the results of analysis of special complex study of conditions of measures concerning health promotion and health preservation of future fighting men within the framework of the Concept of Federal system of training citizen of the Russian Federation to military service up to 2020. The normative legal support of call to military service is considered. The expert approach was applied to analysis of the regional normative legal acts related to the given issue using examples of two subjects of the Russian Federation - the city of Moscow and the Moskovskaia oblast. The suggestions concerning implementation of the concept on the territorial level are substantiated.

[The characteristics of implementation of processing approach into management of regional system of organization of ophthalmologic care of population of the Tverskaia oblast with patterning conceptual model of management].

The study was carried out to establish characteristics of implementation of processing approach to management of regional system of organization of ophthalmologic care of population of the Tyumenskaia oblast and to develop conceptual model of management of profile service. The article considers characteristics of implementation methodological tools of processing approach to management of regional profile ophthalmologic service. The developed and scientifically substantiated conceptual model of management is considered.

[THE NORMATIVE LEGAL SUPPORT OF ORTHODONTIC CARE OF POPULATION AT THE LEVEL OF SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION].

The article contends that in stomatology actual normative legal support does not handle all problems of both organization of orthodontic care of children population and control of quality of orthodontic treatment. It is assumed that in. conditions of updated federal health legislation additional efforts are to be made to enhance quality and accessibility of orthodontic care. Thereafter in the area of normative legal support procedures of organization of orthodontic care of population at the level of subject of the Russian Federation in conditions of orthodontic medical organization are to be developed additionally. The standards of curative diagnostic measures, standards of quality control, target indicators, and mechanism of audit of evaluation of effectiveness of orthodontic care at the stages of its provision.