The moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity: A study with gym users.

In a cross-sectional study of gymnasium users (both sexes, ages = 41.9 ± 14.8 years), we examined the moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate characteristics of the participants. To assess macronutrient consumption, we used 24-h food recalls on three non-consecutive days. Body composition (body fat percentage and muscle mass) was evaluated with a bioimpedance scale. Genotoxicity was assessed with the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Multiple linear regression models were applied, adjusting for age; sex; tobacco and alcohol consumption; and (with regard to exercise habits) frequency, training time, intensity, and types. Micronucleus frequency was directly associated with body fat and inversely associated with muscle mass. Our study shows that carbohydrate and fat intakes affect body fat percentage and micronucleus frequency in gymnasium users.

Association between the use of muscle-building supplements and DNA damage in resistance training practitioners.

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the relationship between the supplements used for sport and safety, especially regarding the induction of genotoxicity. Therefore, more knowledge about a DNA damage possibly caused using sport supplements is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between the use of muscle-building supplements and DNA damage in resistance training practitioners. METHODS: Muscle-building supplements were classified into three categories based on evidence of efficacy and safety: Strong Evidence to Support Efficacy and Apparently Safe (SESEAS); Limited or Mixed Evidence to Support Efficacy (LMESE), and Little to No Evidence to Support Efficacy and/or Safety (LNESES). DNA damage was evaluated by the comet assay (DNA damage index and frequency) and buccal micronucleus by the cytome assay (micronuclei and nuclear buds). In the sequence, the adjusted analysis of covariance was performed. This study included 307 individuals ages 37.99 ± 13.95 y (52.1% men), of which 157 consumed supplements. RESULTS: The results of the comet assay revealed that participants who used supplements had higher DNA damage indexes (P = 0.018) and damage frequency (P = 0.045) than those who reported using no supplements. Moreover, the comet assay also indicated that the participants who used supplements classified into the SESEAS category presented the highest DNA damage index (P = 0.025) and frequency (P = 0.044) compared with those who used no supplements. However, we found no significant difference in the micronuclei and nuclear buds in the evaluated groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Supplement use is not associated with permanent damage, suggesting that SESEAS supplements are safe for consumption.

Influence of different categories of supplements on the body composition of resistance-training practitioners.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different categories of dietary supplements on the body composition of resistance-training practitioners. METHODS: Participants of both sexes and ages 20 to 59 y participated in this cross-sectional study. The use of dietary supplements was investigated and classified into three categories: sports foods, medical supplements, and ergogenic supplements. One-way analysis of covariance adjusted for age, type of exercise, frequency of exercise, total amount of daily exercise, and exercise intensity was used in the analysis. RESULTS: Of 427 participants, 278 (65%), were supplement consumers. Women who consumed sports foods had higher percentages of skeletal muscle (P = 0.014) and lower percentages of body fat than women who did not take supplements (P = 0.031). Furthermore, women who used medicinal supplements had greater visceral fat levels than women who did not (P = 0.019). No significant differences were found between type of supplement used and body composition among men (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Consuming sports foods was associated with higher percentages of skeletal muscle and lower percentages of body fat; women who used medical supplements had higher visceral fat levels.

Micronuclei frequency and renal function markers in gym members: The moderating role of supplement intake.

This research investigates the moderating role of dietary supplement intake in the relationship between MNi frequency and renal markers in gym members. A cross-sectional study was carried out with gym members of all sexes, between 20 and 59 years of age, with data on supplement use obtained via questionnaire. Renal markers (urea and creatinine) were assessed by blood collection. Buccal mucosa cells were collected to assess MNi frequency by buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Moderation was tested using multiple linear regression models by PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results showed significant interactions for supplement use (p = 0.001) and supplement type, ergogenic (p = 0.003) and sports food (p = 0.003), with MNi for urea. For creatinine, only supplement use showed interaction with MNi frequency (p = 0.048). In conclusion, supplement intake is a moderator in the relationship between MNi frequency and renal function markers in gym members.

Associação entre escore de gravidade, níveis inflamatórios e dano no DNA em pacientes na terapia intensiva / Association between severity score, inflammatory levels and DNA damage in intensive care patients / Asociación entre puntaje de gravedad, niveles inflamatorios y daño en el ADN en pacientes de cuidados intensivos

Justificativa e Objetivos: A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) é responsável pelo tratamento de pacientes críticos e sua monitorização contínua pode melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados prestados. O objetivo deste estudo é associar a Escala Psicológica Aguda Simplificada (SAPS 3) com os níveis inflamatórios e o dano ao DNA em pacientes internados na UTI de um hospital do Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal realizada com 22 pacientes internados em uma UTI adulta, no período de janeiro a junho de 2016. O escore SAPS 3 foi pontuado pela equipe médica na admissão dos pacientes e amostras sanguíneas foram obtidas após 24 e 72 horas de internação para dosagem de Proteína C Reativa (PCR) e dano no DNA. Resultados: O escore SAPS 3 não se associou ao PCR de 24 e 72h. Entretanto, o escore SAPS 3 associou-se significativamente ao índice e a frequência de dano DNA, somente após 72 horas de internação. Conclusão: O escore de gravidade não se associou aos níveis de PCR, mas a danos no DNA, somente após 72 horas da admissão.(AU)

Background and Objectives: The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is responsible for the treatment of critical patients and monitoring it continuously can improve the quality of care provided. This study aims to associate the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3) with inflammatory levels and genomic damage in patients admitted to the ICU of a hospital in Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 22 patients from an adult ICU, between January and June 2016. The SAPS 3 was scored by the medical staff at the admission of patients and blood samples were obtained after 24 and 72 hours of hospitalization for C-Reactive Protein (CRP) dosing and DNA damage. Results: The SAPS 3 score was not associated with 24- and 72-hours CRP. However, the SAPS 3 score was significantly associated with the index and frequency of DNA damage, only after 72 hours of hospitalization. Conclusion: The severity score was not associated with CRP levels, but with DNA damage only after 72 hours of admission.

Justificación y objetivos: La Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) es responsable del tratamiento de pacientes críticos, y su monitoreo continuo puede mejorar la calidad de la atención ofrecida. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo asociar la Puntuación Fisiológica Simplificada Aguda (SAPS 3) con los niveles inflamatorios y el daño al ADN en pacientes de la UCI de un hospital del Valle de Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Este es un estudio transversal realizado con 22 pacientes ingresados en una UCI de adultos, entre enero y junio de 2016. El equipo médico calificó la puntuación SAPS 3 al ingreso de los pacientes, y se obtuvieron muestras de sangre después de 24 y 72 h de hospitalización para la medición del PCR y el daño al ADN. Resultados: La puntuación SAPS 3 no se asoció con la Proteína C Reactiva (PCR) a 24 y 72 horas. Sin embargo, lo asoció significativamente con el índice y la frecuencia de daño al ADN solo después de 72 horas de hospitalización. Conclusiones: El puntaje de gravedad no se asoció con los niveles de PCR, sino con el daño al ADN solamente 72 horas después del ingreso de los pacientes.(AU)

Anemia no diabetes mellitus gestacional: implicações na instabilidade genômica / Anemia in gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for genomic instability

Introdução: Evidências têm mostrado uma associação entre anemia e Diabetes Mellitus. Contudo, a relação entre anemia e Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) ainda não está bem estabelecida, bem como sua repercussão na instabilidade genômica. Portanto, objetivou-se verificar a associação entre anemia e instabilidade genômica em mulheres com DMG atendidas em um hospital universitário. Métodos: Estudo transversal com mulheres apresentando diagnóstico de DMG que realizaram pré-natal no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (RS). Informações referentes ao DMG, anemia e suplementação de ferro foram obtidas nos prontuários. A instabilidade genômica foi avaliada pelo ensaio de citoma em micronúcleos em células bucais (BMCyt). Resultados: Das 44 gestantes avaliadas, 28,6% apresentaram anemia e 79,5% foram suplementadas com ferro. Das gestantes que realizaram suplementação, 75,0% não apresentaram anemia gestacional. Níveis de hemoglobina não se associaram com a instabilidade genomica (p > 0,05), mas foi observada uma associação entre brotos nucleares e os níveis de glicemia (r = 0,977; p = 0,003). Conclusão: Não foi verificado associação entre anemia e instabilidade genômica em mulheres com DMG.(AU)

Introduction: There is evidence of an association between anemia and diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between anemia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains to be established, as well as its impact on genomic instability. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between anemia and genomic instability in women with GDM treated at a university hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study of women with a diagnosis of GDM who received prenatal care at the University Hospital of Santa Maria, southern Brazil. Data on GDM, anemia, and iron supplementation were obtained from medical records. Genomic instability was assessed by the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay. Results: Of 44 pregnant women evaluated, 28.6% had anemia and 79.5% received iron supplementation; of the latter, 75.0% did not have gestational anemia. Hemoglobin levels were not associated with genomic instability (p > 0.05), but an association was found between nuclear buds and blood glucose levels (r = 0.977; p = 0.003). Conclusion: There was no association between anemia and genomic instability in women with GDM.(AU)

Neuropsychomotor development and genomic stability associated to folate and blood iron levels in preschool children / Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e estabilidade genômica associados aos níveis de folato e ferro sanguíneos de pré-escolares

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the neuropsychomotor development and the genomic stability associated to folate and blood iron levels in preschool children. Methods: a cross-sectional study in which evaluated the biochemical exams (complete hemogram, serum ferritin, iron and folate), neuropsychomotor development (Denver II Test) and genotoxicity (micronuclei cytome in buccal mucosa cells) of 55 children aging 36-59 months old. Student´s T test, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's or Spearman's correlation tests were applied with a significance level of p<0.05 for data analysis. Results: the prevalence of anemia was 1.8%. The Denver II test classified 32.7% of the children as normal and 67.3% were suspected of having a delay. The children suspected of having a delay presented a slight reduction on hemoglobin and hematocrit (p=0.05 and p=0.14), intermediate reduction on iron and folate (p=0.29 and p=0.23) and a notable reduction on ferritin (p=0.03). Folate and iron were significantly associated to the frequency of cells with DNA damages (p<0.05). The frequency of binucleated cells was positively associated to the Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) (r=0.56; p=0.02) in children without a delay and negatively with folate (r=-0.334; p=0.047) in children with a delay. Conclusions: this study showed a low prevalence of anemia, but a high rate of children suspected of having a neuropsychomotor, possibly associated to low ferritin levels. Additionally, iron and folate were associated to DNA damage which may have contributed to the psychomotor development delay.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e a estabilidade genômica associados ao folato e ferro sanguíneos em pré-escolares. Métodos: estudo transversal, no qual avaliou-se exames bioquímicos (hemograma completo, ferritina sérica, ferro e folato), desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (Teste Denver II) e genotoxicidade (citoma de micronúcleos em células bucais esfoliadas) de 55 crianças com 36-59 meses de idade. Para a análise dos dados, empregou-se os testes T de Student, Kruskal-Wallis e correlação de Pearson ou Spearman, com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: a prevalência de anemia foi de 1,8%. Pelo teste de Denver II foram classificadas 32,7% das crianças como normais e 67,3% como suspeita de atraso. As crianças com suspeita de atraso apresentaram pequena redução no hematócrito e hemoglobina (p=0,05 e p=0,14), redução intermediária de ferro e folato (p=0,29 e p=0,23) e redução marcante de ferritina (p=0,03). Ferro e folato associaram-se significativamente com a frequência de células com lesões no DNA (p<0,05). A frequência de células binucleadas associou-se positivamente com Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) (r=0,56; p=0,02), nas crianças sem atraso e negativamente com folato (r=-0,33; p=0,05), nas crianças com atraso. Conclusões: este estudo mostrou baixa prevalência de anemia, mas elevada taxa de crianças com suspeita de atraso neuropsicomotor, possivelmente associada com baixos níveis de ferritina. Ademais, observou-se associação entre ferro e folato com dano no DNA, o que pode ter contribuído para o atraso neuropsicomotor.