Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/inmunología , Delirio/inmunología , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/efectos adversos , Síndromes de Neurotoxicidad/inmunología , Neumonía Viral/inmunología , Agitación Psicomotora/inmunología , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Delirio/etiología , Humanos , Síndromes de Neurotoxicidad/etiología , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Agitación Psicomotora/etiología , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for children and adults with malignant and non-malignant diseases. Despite increasing survival rates, long-term morbidity following HCT is substantial. Neurocognitive dysfunction is a serious cause of morbidity, yet little is known about neurocognitive dysfunction following HCT. To address this gap, collaborative efforts of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation undertook an expert review of neurocognitive dysfunction following HCT. In this review, we define what constitutes neurocognitive dysfunction, characterize its risk factors and sequelae, describe tools and methods to assess neurocognitive function in HCT recipients, and discuss possible interventions for HCT patients with this condition. This review aims to help clinicians understand the scope of this health-related problem, highlight its impact on well-being of survivors, and to help determine factors that may improve identification of patients at risk for declines in cognitive functioning after HCT. In particular, we review strategies for preventing and treating neurocognitive dysfunction in HCT patients. Lastly, we highlight the need for well-designed studies to develop and test interventions aimed at preventing and improving neurocognitive dysfunction and its sequelae following HCT.
Asunto(s)
Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/efectos adversos , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunción Cognitiva/terapia , Humanos , Efectos Adversos a Largo Plazo , Calidad de Vida , Factores de Riesgo , Receptores de TrasplantesRESUMEN
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for children and adults with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Despite increasing survival rates, long-term morbidity after HCT is substantial. Neurocognitive dysfunction is a serious cause of morbidity, yet little is known about neurocognitive dysfunction after HCT. To address this gap, collaborative efforts of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation undertook an expert review of neurocognitive dysfunction after HCT. In this review we define what constitutes neurocognitive dysfunction, characterize its risk factors and sequelae, describe tools and methods to assess neurocognitive function in HCT recipients, and discuss possible interventions for HCT patients with this condition. This review aims to help clinicians understand the scope of this health-related problem, highlight its impact on well-being of survivors, and help determine factors that may improve identification of patients at risk for declines in cognitive functioning after HCT. In particular, we review strategies for preventing and treating neurocognitive dysfunction in HCT patients. Finally, we highlight the need for well-designed studies to develop and test interventions aimed at preventing and improving neurocognitive dysfunction and its sequelae after HCT.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/etiología , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/prevención & control , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/terapia , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Youth who initiate sexual intercourse in early adolescence (age 11-14) experience multiple risks, including concurrent adjustment problems and unsafe sexual practices. The current study tested two models describing the links between childhood precursors, early adolescent risk factors, and adolescent sexual activity: a cumulative model and a meditational model. A longitudinal sample of 694 boys and girls from four geographical locations was utilized, with data collected from kindergarten through high school. Structural equation models revealed that, irrespective of gender or race, high rates of aggressive disruptive behaviors and attention problems at school entry increased risk for a constellation of problem behaviors in middle school (school maladjustment, antisocial activity, and substance use) which, in turn, promoted the early initiation of sexual activity. Implications are discussed for developmental models of early sexual activity and for prevention programming.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Asunción de Riesgos , Conducta Sexual , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
Concerns about gender bias in the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder (CD) have prompted some researchers to recommend that the diagnostic threshold in girls be lowered. Since CD is a highly familial condition, the authors assessed the diagnostic validity of subthreshold CD in girls using family study methodology. They compared the rates of antisocial disorders (CD and antisocial personality disorder) in relatives of four groups of index children: children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and full, subthreshold, or no CD diagnoses and non-ADHD/non-CD control subjects. Results showed no interaction between gender and familiality across the four groups. Furthermore, there was no significant evidence of familiality of subthreshold CD. From a family genetic perspective, the diagnostic threshold for CD does not appear to differ by gender. The current results support the possibility that differential rates of CD reflect actual differences in rates of antisocial behavior across gender.