Using Smartphones for Research Outside Clinical Settings: How Operating Systems, App Developers, and Users Determine Geolocation Data Quality in mHealth Studies.

Smartphones that collect user geolocation provid opportunities for mobile Health (mHealth). Although granularity of geolocation data may be high, data completeness depends on the device's operating system, application developer decisions, and user actions. We investigate completeness of geolocation data collected via smartphones of 5601 people that self-reported daily chronic pain symptoms on 349,293 days. On 17% of these days, hourly geolocation data is reported, but days with 0 (16%), 1 (14%) and 2 (13%) geolocations are common. Android phones collect geolocation more often than iPhones (median 17 versus 2 times a day). Factors on operating system level and individual user level influence completeness of geolocation data collected with smartphones. mHealth researchers should be aware of these factors when designing their studies. The mHealth research community should devise standards for reporting geolocation data quality, analysing systematic differences in data quality between participant groups, and methods for data imputation.

Pharmacy involvement in patient-focused care in Florida hospitals.

Hospital pharmacy directors in Florida were surveyed to determine the effects of patient-focused care on pharmacy practice. In a statewide mail survey in 1994, directors were asked whether their hospital had implemented patient-focused care or was planning to, what factors influenced this, whether and how the pharmacy was involved, what changes in structure and services resulted, and how they perceived the impact of patient-focused care on the practice of hospital pharmacy. They were asked to identify specific programs, interdisciplinary teams, and opportunities associated with patient-focused care programs. Usable surveys were returned by 148 respondents (48.8% response rate). Fifty-three (35.8%) of the respondents had implemented patient-focused care and 50 (34%) were planning to ; 82.5% of these respondents (85 of 103) said pharmacists were involved in the planning efforts. Respondents said hospital administration was most often responsible for initiating patient-focused care, and cost was the top-ranked reason. For pharmacy, patient-focused care brought more interdisciplinary activities and new services. Florida hospital pharmacy directors thought patient-focused care would change the practice of pharmacy and that the change would be positive.

Umbilical artery aneurysm: prenatal diagnosis and management.

BACKGROUND: An umbilical artery aneurysm is an extremely rare lesion. The purpose of this report is to describe the prenatal sonographic characteristics of such a lesion and potential obstetric complications. CASE: A 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 30 weeks' gestation was referred for an ultrasound examination because of "an abnormality of the umbilical cord." An ellipsoid cystic lesion was noted in a single umbilical artery. Doppler and color flow Doppler examinations demonstrated nonpulsatile and turbulent blood flow within the lesion, consistent with a diagnosis of umbilical artery aneurysm. The aneurysm increased in size over time with a progressive decrease in amniotic fluid volume. Despite reassuring bi-weekly antenatal testing and planned delivery by 36 weeks' gestation, the fetus died in utero, probably because of acute umbilical venous compression by the aneurysm. Autopsy confirmed the presence of a large calcified aneurysm of a single umbilical artery. Dissection of the aneurysm demonstrated anatomical patency of the entire artery. The umbilical vein was histologically normal, as were sections of the artery. CONCLUSION: Although extremely rare, an umbilical artery aneurysm is a potentially lethal anomaly. We recommend delivery as soon as fetal lung maturity is assured when this diagnosis is made prenatally.

Effects of surgical deafening and exposure to continuous darkness on cloacal gland size in scotorefractory Japanese quail.

Adult male quail were transferred to short days (SD) and exposed simultaneously to conspecific vocalizations of males on long days (CVMLD). Cloacal glands did not regress in some males while in others their glands regressed then spontaneously recrudesced. Of the birds that exhibited cloacal gland regression, 80% recrudesced by 8 weeks and all birds recrudesced by 25 weeks on SD. Three experiments are reported. The first experiment analyzed the effects of transfer to SD. The remaining two experiments examined the role of auditory stimuli. In Experiment 2, deafening males whose cloacal glands had not regressed after 17 days exposure to SD and CVMLD produced a significant decrease in cloacal gland size. In Experiment 3, quail whose cloacal glands had regressed and recrudesced while exposed to SD and CVMLD were deafened and/or transferred to complete darkness (DD). Cloacal gland size was significantly smaller in deafened males kept on SD or kept in DD than in sham controls retained on SD. Surprisingly, the cloacal glands of sham controls in DD were similar to those of intact birds which remained on SD. These results suggest that scotorefractoriness which has been attributed to an insensitivity to short photoperiods may be due to a sensitivity to vocalizations of birds on LD. Perhaps there is a hierarchy of physical and social cues so that a decrease in the photoperiod unmasks the effects of auditory stimuli. Furthermore, an interval timer mechanism or some alternative to the external coincidence model of time keeping seems to account for the refractoriness to SD.

DSM-III-R diagnosis and code types of the diagnostic inventory of personality and symptoms in an adolescent clinical population.

The relationships of high-point code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) to the Diagnostic and statistical manual III-R (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were explored for adolescent patients (N = 263). Twelve DIPS code types that relate code types to Axis I diagnoses are prepared. The three DIPS personality disorder cluster scales and the eight combinations thereof are presented as well. Six of the personality disorder cluster scale code types that relate to DSM-III-R Axis II categories are identified. Finally, a narrative summation of each of the code types is given.

U.s. Geological survey core drilling on the atlantic shelf.

The first broad program of scientific shallow drilling on the U.S. Atlantic continental shelf has delineated rocks of Pleistocene to Late Cretaceous age, including phosphoritic Miocene strata, widespread Eocene carbonate deposits that serve as reflective seismic markers, and several regional unconformities. Two sites, off Maryland and New Jersey, showed light hydrocarbon gases having affinity to mature petroleum. Pore fluid studies showed that relatively fresh to brackish water occurs beneath much of the Atlantic continental shelf, whereas increases in salinity off Georgla and beneath the Florida-Hatteras slope suggest buried evaporitic strata. The sediment cores showed engineering properties that range from good foundation strength to a potential for severe loss of strength through interaction between sediments and man-made structures.