Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 56
Filtrar
1.
Br J Sports Med ; 2023 Oct 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37890964

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The Football World Cup is among the biggest sporting events in the world, but data to inform the requirements of medical care for such tournaments are limited. This study describes the athlete and team medical services at the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 . METHODS: Three different medical service entities were identified through a needs analysis based on expert advice, team physician interviews and questionnaires prior to the event: 'Team Services' to provide any workforce or equipment needs of the teams, a 'Polyclinic' to manage any acute medical demands, and a 'recovery centre' to improve game readiness throughout the tournament. All services had been set up prior to the tournament and thoroughly tested. RESULTS: Of a total of 832 athletes, ~1300 team delegation and ~130 match officials, 167 individuals including 129 (77%) athletes and 38 (23%) non-athletes were assessed in the polyclinic. For the 129 athletes (median 4 players per team), medical imaging was the most requested service, which peaked during the group phase of the tournament. Most requests were received during normal working hours despite many games finishing late at night. 30 of the 32 participating teams solicited medical services for their players at least once. Three teams made use of the recovery facilities, and 17 teams requested additional medical equipment or clinical assistance. CONCLUSION: Central imaging services was the most used medical resource at the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, and over half of teams required additional medical equipment or personnel. These data may inform planning of medical services for similar events in the future.

2.
Skeletal Radiol ; 2023 Sep 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37715819

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To describe imaging-detected musculoskeletal injuries and image-guided interventional procedures during the 2022 FIFA football (soccer) World Cup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all radiologic examinations performed in a central medical facility for athletes was performed by two board certified musculoskeletal radiologists. Data on muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage, and bone injuries were collected according to imaging modality and body part. RESULTS: A total of 143 radiology examinations in 94 athletes were evaluated at the central medical facility. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was the most utilized modality (67%), followed by radiography (12%), ultrasonography (9%), and computed tomography (4%). Image-guided interventions corresponded to 8% of all radiological examinations. There were 112 injuries described, affecting muscles and tendons (42%), ligaments (25%), cartilage (21%), and bone (12%). Most injured body parts were thigh (27%), foot and ankle (23%), knee (23%), and hip/groin (8%). Most injured players were within the age range of 24-35 years old (71%). CONCLUSION: Imaging was utilized in 11% of players who participated in the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. MRI was the most utilized modality, and acute muscle tears were the most diagnosed type of injury. Diagnostic imaging played an important role in diagnosing sports-related injuries during the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

3.
J Sci Med Sport ; 26(10): 522-527, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37777395

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To compare injury incidence, burden and characteristics between the pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown periods in Qatari professional football. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Injury and exposure data for two post-COVID-19 lockdown periods [early post-lockdown period: short-term ~2 months (54 matches) and late post-lockdown period: long-term 8-months (183 matches)] were compared to the benchmark of the same periods from the three previous seasons (2017/18-2019/20). RESULTS: We observed no difference in overall, training or match incidence between early post-lockdown period and the benchmark reference. However, this short-term period resulted in lower burden for overall- (RR 0.80, P < 0.0001), training- (RR 0.73, P < 0.0001) and match-injuries (RR 0.40, P < 0.0001) compared to the benchmark. During late post-lockdown period match injury incidence (RR 0.72, P = 0.0010) and match injury burden (RR 0.69, P < 0.001) were lower than the benchmark. In contrast, both overall- (RR 1.30, P < 0.001) and training-injury burden (RR 1.65, P < 0.001) were higher. A significant increase in adductor strains in both post-lockdown periods was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Immediately after the COVID-19 lockdown (short-term effect), there was no difference in injury incidence but a lower injury burden compared to benchmark. Moreover, the rapid return to competition for the successive season (long-term effect) was associated with a higher overall- and training-injury burden, but a lower match-injury burden compared to the benchmark.


Asunto(s)
Traumatismos en Atletas , COVID-19 , Fútbol Americano , Humanos , Traumatismos en Atletas/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Qatar/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Incidencia
5.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform ; 17(9): 1448-1451, 2022 Aug 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36041728

RESUMEN

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in sporting event suspensions and cancellations, affecting competition calendars worldwide during 2020 and 2021. This challenged high-performance athletes' capacity to complete physical, technical, or tactical training during restricted movement measures (lockdown). With the Football World Cup organized in the last quarter of 2022, the past period of training and match disturbances challenged footballers concerning their performance and potential higher risk of injury at official matches' resumption. There has been considerable debate about the management of resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governing bodies worldwide implemented measures to ensure a safe resumption of football. These precautionary measures aimed to protect the health of players, their support staff, and officials around the pitch and ensure the enjoyment of the event by spectators in the football stadiums. We have therefore narratively reviewed scientific papers about how football has resumed on the pitch and in the stands with special focus on the COVID-19 infection control strategies allowing footballers to perform again and supporters to enjoy the game after the 2020 global stop to sport.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Control de Infecciones , Fútbol , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Políticas
6.
Br J Sports Med ; 2022 Jul 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35863871

RESUMEN

Acute illnesses affecting the respiratory tract are common and form a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. Acute respiratory illness (ARill) can broadly be classified as non-infective ARill and acute respiratory infections (ARinf). The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to ARinf in athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Commission appointed an international consensus group to review ARill (non-infective ARill and ARinf) in athletes. Six subgroups of the IOC Consensus group were initially established to review the following key areas of ARill in athletes: (1) epidemiology/risk factors for ARill, (2) ARinf, (3) non-infective ARill including ARill due to environmental exposure, (4) acute asthma and related conditions, (5) effects of ARill on exercise/sports performance, medical complications/return-to-sport and (6) acute nasal/vocal cord dysfunction presenting as ARill. Several systematic and narrative reviews were conducted by IOC consensus subgroups, and these then formed the basis of sections in the consensus documents. Drafting and internal review of sections were allocated to 'core' members of the consensus group, and an advanced draft of the consensus document was discussed during a meeting of the main consensus core group in Lausanne, Switzerland on 11 to 12 October 2021. Final edits were completed after the meeting. This consensus document (part 1) focusses on ARinf, which accounts for the majority of ARill in athletes. The first section of this consensus proposes a set of definitions and classifications of ARinf in athletes to standardise future data collection and reporting. The remainder of the consensus paper examines a wide range of clinical considerations related to ARinf in athletes: epidemiology, risk factors, pathology/pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, management, prevention, medical considerations, risks of infection during exercise, effects of infection on exercise/sports performance and return-to-sport guidelines.

7.
Drug Test Anal ; 14(9): 1599-1613, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35732071

RESUMEN

The determinants of success in Olympic Games competition are specific to the athletic demands of the sporting event. A global evaluation to quantify the athletic demands across the spectrum of the Olympic Games sport events has not previously been conducted. Thus far, the interpretation and the comparison of sport physiological characteristics within anti-doping organisations (ADOs) risk assessments remains subjective without a standardised framework. Despite its subjective assessment, this information is a key component of any anti-doping programme. Sport characteristics inevitably influence the type of substances and/or methods used for doping purposes and should be captured through a comprehensive analysis. Seven applied sport scientists independently conducted an assessment to quantify the athletic demands across six preselected athletic variables. A principal component analysis was performed on the results of the panel's quantitative assessment for 160 Olympic sport events. Sport events were clustered using the Hierarchical Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) algorithm. The HDBSCAN identified 19 independent cluster groups; 36 sport events remained statistically unassigned to a cluster group representing unique and event-specific athletic demands. This investigation provides guidance to the anti-doping community to assist in the development of the sport specific physiology component of the risk assessment for Olympic Games disciplines. The dominant athletic characteristics to excel in each of these individual events will highlight areas of how athletes may strive to gain a competitive advantage through doping strategies, and inform the development of an effective and proportionate allocation of testing resources.


Asunto(s)
Doping en los Deportes , Deportes , Atletas , Doping en los Deportes/prevención & control , Humanos , Medición de Riesgo
8.
Br J Sports Med ; 2022 May 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35623888

RESUMEN

Acute respiratory illness (ARill) is common and threatens the health of athletes. ARill in athletes forms a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to non-infective ARill in athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Committee appointed an international consensus group to review ARill in athletes. Key areas of ARill in athletes were originally identified and six subgroups of the IOC Consensus group established to review the following aspects: (1) epidemiology/risk factors for ARill, (2) infective ARill, (3) non-infective ARill, (4) acute asthma/exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and related conditions, (5) effects of ARill on exercise/sports performance, medical complications/return-to-sport (RTS) and (6) acute nasal/laryngeal obstruction presenting as ARill. Following several reviews conducted by subgroups, the sections of the consensus documents were allocated to 'core' members for drafting and internal review. An advanced draft of the consensus document was discussed during a meeting of the main consensus core group, and final edits were completed prior to submission of the manuscript. This document (part 2) of this consensus focuses on respiratory conditions causing non-infective ARill in athletes. These include non-inflammatory obstructive nasal, laryngeal, tracheal or bronchial conditions or non-infective inflammatory conditions of the respiratory epithelium that affect the upper and/or lower airways, frequently as a continuum. The following aspects of more common as well as lesser-known non-infective ARill in athletes are reviewed: epidemiology, risk factors, pathology/pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, management, prevention, medical considerations and risks of illness during exercise, effects of illness on exercise/sports performance and RTS guidelines.

9.
Br J Sports Med ; 55(19): 1092-1098, 2021 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33589470

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection in professional football players. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control programme based on preventive measures and regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3-5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-Scale-based scoring system. RESULTS: During the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT) ≤30) or reactive (30

Asunto(s)
Prueba de COVID-19 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/transmisión , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Salud de la Familia , Fútbol/estadística & datos numéricos , Interacción Social , Adulto , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Portador Sano , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudios Prospectivos , Qatar/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación
10.
Br J Sports Med ; 54(16): 1003-1007, 2020 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31992546

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Assess the health status and heat preparation strategies of athletes competing in a World Cycling Championships held in hot ambient conditions (37°C, 25% relative humidity, wet-bulb-globe-temperature 27°C) and monitor the medical events arising during competition. METHODS: 69 cyclists (~9% of the world championships participants) completed a pre-competition questionnaire. Illnesses and injuries encountered by the Athlete Medical Centre (AMC) were extracted from the race reports. RESULTS: 22% of respondents reported illness symptoms in the 10 days preceding the Championships. 57% of respondents had previously experienced heat-related symptoms (cramping most commonly) while 17% had previously been diagnosed with exertional heat illness. 61% of the respondents had undergone some form of heat exposure prior to the Championships, with 38% acclimating for 5 to 30 days. In addition, several respondents declared to live in warm countries and all arrived in Qatar ~5 days prior to their event. 96% of the respondents used a pre-cooling strategy for the time trials and 74% did so before the road race (p<0.001), with ice vests being the most common. The AMC assessed 46 injuries and 26 illnesses in total, with three cyclists diagnosed with heat exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of previous heat illness in elite cyclists calls for team and event organisation doctors to be trained on heat illness management, including early diagnosis and rapid on-site cooling. Some cyclists had been exposed to the heat prior to the Championships, but few had a dedicated plan, calling for additional education on the importance of heat acclimation. Pre-cooling was widely adopted.


Asunto(s)
Aclimatación , Ciclismo/fisiología , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Estado de Salud , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/epidemiología , Calor , Aniversarios y Eventos Especiales , Ciclismo/lesiones , Femenino , Fluidoterapia , Agotamiento por Calor/diagnóstico , Agotamiento por Calor/epidemiología , Agotamiento por Calor/terapia , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Qatar , Adulto Joven
11.
J Sci Med Sport ; 23(6): 554-558, 2020 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31901316

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: It is not uncommon for athletes to be diagnosed with iron deficiency, yet there remains uncertainty whether the prevalence of suboptimal iron status in elite athletes differs from the normal population or warrants routine screening. The purpose of this study is to describe the distribution of serum ferritin (SF) in a cohort of elite athletes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Electronic health records of 1085 elite adult athletes (570 women, 515 men) from 2012-2017 were examined retrospectively. SF values were compared to published normal population data. The proportion of athletes meeting criterion values for iron deficiency or initiation of treatment was examined. RESULTS: SF distributions in male athletes were significantly lower than normal males aged 20 to <24yrs. (χ2 28.8, p<0.001) and aged 24 to <28yrs. (χ2 91.9, p<0.001). SF status was similar in female athletes and normal women aged 20 to <24yrs. (χ2 9.5, p>0.05) or aged 24 to <28yrs. (χ2 11.5, p>0.05). Using 35ng/ml as the criterion value for stage one iron deficiency, 15% of male athletes and 52% of female athletes displayed suboptimal iron status. CONCLUSIONS: Male athletes have a significantly lower population distribution of SF values as compared to normative data on healthy males, with 15% of male athletes having suboptimal SF status. The distribution of SF values in elite female athletes did not differ from population values, however approximately half women athletes were iron deficient. These data suggest that iron screening should be considered in both male and female athlete populations.


Asunto(s)
Atletas , Ferritinas/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores Sexuales
12.
Int J Lab Hematol ; 42(1): 61-67, 2020 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31821749

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The Athlete's Biological Passport (ABP) is a tool for the indirect detection of blood doping. Guidelines from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) require a 2 hours delay after any physical exercise, and to be seated for 10 minutes before collecting an ABP sample. This study investigated posture-related hematological variations with changes in body position during blood sampling. METHODS: Ten successive venous blood samples from 38 subjects were collected in three situations: immediately after 10-minutes of normalized activity (B1), after 10-minutes seated (B2, typical reference sample in an anti-doping context), after a 50 m walk (B3), after 5 and 10-minutes in a seated position again (B4 and B5), and finally after 5-30 minutes supine (B6-B10). Hemoglobin concentration [Hb] and hematocrit (Hct) were determined by flow cytometry to assess putative posture-related variations. RESULTS: Reticulocytes percentage was unchanged in all conditions, [Hb] and Hct were stable after at least 10-minutes in a seated position. Due to shifts in plasma volume, [Hb] and Hct increased slightly but significantly higher after changing posture for a short walk (+0.1 gr/dL [P = .008] and +0.4% [P = .01] respectively), but readjusted to previous levels after only 5 minutes. Supine position (>10 minutes) induced decreases of [Hb] (-0.2 g/dL in average, P < .01) and Hct (-1.1%, in average, P < .01). CONCLUSION: The observed variations in [Hb] and Hct may have minor clinical significance, while they underline the need to follow strict guidelines for posture before and during blood sampling in an anti-doping context.


Asunto(s)
Atletas , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre , Postura , Adulto , Doping en los Deportes/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino
13.
Drug Test Anal ; 12(3): 402-409, 2020 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31845518

RESUMEN

The efficient use of testing resources is crucial in the fight against doping in sports. The athlete biological passport relies on the need to identify the right athletes to test, and the right time to test them. Here we present an approach to longitudinal tracking of athlete performance to provide an additional, more intelligence-led approach to improve targeted antidoping testing. The performance results of athletes (male shot putters, male 100 m sprinters, and female 800 m runners) were obtained from a performance results database. Standardized performances, which adjust for average career performance, were calculated to determine the volatility in performance over an athlete's career. We then used a Bayesian spline model to statistically analyse changes within an athlete's standardized performance over the course of a career both for athletes who were presumed "clean" (not doped), and those previously convicted of doping offences. We used the model to investigate changes in the slope of each athlete's career performance trajectory and whether these changes can be linked to doping status. The model was able to identify differences in the standardized performance of clean and doped athletes, with the sign of the change able to provide some discrimination. Consistent patterns of standardized performance profile are seen across shot put, 100 m and 800 m for both the clean and doped athletes we investigated. This study demonstrates the potential for modeling athlete performance data to distinguish between the career trajectories of clean and doped athletes, and to enable the risk stratification of athletes on their risk of doping.


Asunto(s)
Atletas/estadística & datos numéricos , Rendimiento Atlético/estadística & datos numéricos , Doping en los Deportes/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos Estadísticos , Adolescente , Adulto , Teorema de Bayes , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Doping en los Deportes/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto Joven
14.
Br J Sports Med ; 53(7): 426-429, 2019 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30504486

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To characterise the core temperature response and power output profile of elite male and female cyclists during the 2016 UCI Road World Championships. This may contribute to formulating environmental heat stress policies. METHODS: Core temperature was recorded via an ingestible capsule in 10, 15 and 15 cyclists during the team time trial (TTT), individual time trial (ITT) and road race (RR), respectively. Power output and heart rate were extracted from individual cycling computers. Ambient conditions in direct sunlight were hot (37°C±3°C) but dry (25%±16% relative humidity), corresponding to a wet-bulb globe temperature of 27°C±2°C. RESULTS: Core temperature increased during all races (p<0.001), reaching higher peak values in TTT (39.8°C±0.9°C) and ITT (39.8°C±0.4°C), relative to RR (39.2°C±0.4°C, p<0.001). The highest temperature recorded was 41.5°C (TTT). Power output was significantly higher during TTT (4.7±0.3 W/kg) and ITT (4.9±0.5 W/kg) than RR (2.7±0.4 W/kg, p<0.001). Heart rate increased during the TTs (p<0.001) while power output decreased (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: 85% of the cyclists participating in the study (ie, 34 of 40) reached a core temperature of at least 39°C with 25% (ie, 10 of 40) exceeding 40°C. Higher core temperatures were reached during the time trials than the RR.


Asunto(s)
Ciclismo/fisiología , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Calor , Adulto , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Estrés Fisiológico
15.
Drug Test Anal ; 10(4): 731-741, 2018 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28929623

RESUMEN

The integrity of the athlete biological passport (ABP) is underpinned by understanding normal fluctuations of its biomarkers to environmental or medical conditions, for example, altitude training or iron deficiency. The combined impact of altitude and iron supplementation on the ABP was evaluated in endurance-trained athletes (n = 34) undertaking 3 weeks of simulated live-high: train-low (14 h.d-1 , 3000 m). Athletes received either oral, intravenous (IV) or placebo iron supplementation, commencing 2 weeks prior and continuing throughout hypoxic exposure. Venous blood was sampled twice prior, weekly during, and up to 6 weeks after altitude. Individual ABP thresholds for haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), reticulocyte percentage (%retic), and OFF score were calculated using the adaptive model and assessed at 99% and 99.9% specificity. Eleven athletes returned values outside of the calculated reference ranges at 99%, with 8 at 99.9%. The percentage of athletes exceeding the thresholds in each group was similar, but IV returned the most individual occurrences. A similar frequency of abnormalities occurred across the 3 biomarkers, with abnormal [Hb] and OFF score values arising mainly during-, and %retic values mainly post- altitude. Removing samples collected during altitude from the model resulted in 10 athletes returning abnormal values at 99% specificity, 2 of whom had not triggered the model previously. In summary, the abnormalities observed in response to iron supplementation and hypoxia were not systematic and mostly in line with expected physiological adaptations. They do not represent a uniform weakness in the ABP. Nevertheless, altitude training and iron supplementation should be carefully considered by experts evaluating abnormal ABP profiles.


Asunto(s)
Doping en los Deportes , Compuestos Férricos/administración & dosificación , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Hipoxia/sangre , Hierro/administración & dosificación , Maltosa/análogos & derivados , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias , Adulto , Altitud , Atletas , Biomarcadores/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Eritropoyesis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maltosa/administración & dosificación , Reticulocitos/citología , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Adulto Joven
16.
Med Sport Sci ; 62: 107-118, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28578329

RESUMEN

For decades, drug testing has been the main instrument at the disposal of anti-doping authorities. The availability in the 1980s of substances identical to those produced by the human body, including the "big 3" (erythropoietin, testosterone, and growth hormone), necessitated a new paradigm in anti-doping. The athlete biological passport (ABP) is a new paradigm, complementary to traditional drug testing, based on the personalized monitoring of doping biomarkers. Athletes who abuse doping substances do so to trigger physiological changes that provide performance enhancement. The ABP aims to detect these changes through its 3 hematological, steroidal, and endocrine modules. Any deviation of a biomarker from what is expected in a healthy physiological condition can be attributable to doping or a medical condition, which, interestingly, is also the criterion used to define a banned substance. Recent advances in proteomics and metabolomics offer immense opportunities to enhance the ABP. The ABP shares multiple aspects with the present customization of health care and personalized medicine.


Asunto(s)
Doping en los Deportes/prevención & control , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/análisis , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Atletas , Biomarcadores/sangre , Humanos , Metabolómica , Proteómica , Esteroides/análisis
17.
Am J Hematol ; 92(1): 62-67, 2017 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27737505

RESUMEN

Plasma volume and red cell mass are key health markers used to monitor numerous disease states, such as heart failure, kidney disease, or sepsis. Nevertheless, there is currently no practically applicable method to easily measure absolute plasma or red cell volumes in a clinical setting. Here, a novel marker for plasma volume and red cell mass was developed through analysis of the observed variability caused by plasma volume shifts in common biochemical measures, selected based on their propensity to present with low variations over time. Once a month for 6 months, serum and whole blood samples were collected from 33 active males. Concurrently, the CO-rebreathing method was applied to determine target levels of hemoglobin mass (HbM) and blood volumes. The variability of 18 common chemistry markers and 27 Full Blood Count variables was investigated and matched to the observed plasma volume variation. After the removal of between-subject variations using a Bayesian model, multivariate analysis identified two sets of 8 and 15 biomarkers explaining 68% and 69% of plasma volume variance, respectively. The final multiparametric model contains a weighting function to allow for isolated abnormalities in single biomarkers. This proof-of-concept investigation describes a novel approach to estimate absolute vascular volumes, with a simple blood test. Despite the physiological instability of critically ill patients, it is hypothesized the model, with its multiparametric approach and weighting function, maintains the capacity to describe vascular volumes. This model has potential to transform volume management in clinical settings. Am. J. Hematol. 92:62-67, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/sangre , Determinación del Volumen Sanguíneo/métodos , Volumen de Eritrocitos , Volumen Plasmático , Adulto , Teorema de Bayes , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Volumen Sanguíneo , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante
18.
Drug Test Anal ; 8(2): 199-207, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25924812

RESUMEN

Some recent studies have characterized the stability of blood variables commonly measured for the Athlete Biological Passport. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of different shipments conditions and the quality of the results returned by the haematological analyzer. Twenty-two healthy male subjects provided five EDTA tubes each. Four shipment conditions (24, 36, 48, 72 h) under refrigerated conditions were tested and compared to a set of samples left in the laboratory also under refrigerated conditions (group control). All measurements were conducted using two Sysmex XT-2000i analyzers. Haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes percentage, and OFF-score numerical data were the same for samples analyzed just after collection and after a shipment under refrigerated conditions up to 72 h. Detailed information reported especially by the differential (DIFF) channel scatterplot of the Sysmex XT-2000i indicated that there were signs of blood deterioration, but were not of relevance for the variables used in the Athlete Biological Passport. As long as the cold chain is guaranteed, the time delay between the collection and the analyses of blood variables can be extended.


Asunto(s)
Atletas , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/métodos , Doping en los Deportes/métodos , Adulto , Algoritmos , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/normas , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Eritrocitos/química , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Refrigeración , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Recuento de Reticulocitos , Manejo de Especímenes , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto Joven
19.
Drug Test Anal ; 8(2): 228-34, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25990883

RESUMEN

The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) estimates individualized reference ranges for key blood markers, such as haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), using predetermined population mean, between- and within-subject variances. Here, we aim to reassess previously published estimates for within-subject [Hb] variance and determine whether sex-, analyzer-, sport-, or season-specific values are required. Our reference population contains 7723 male (mean ± SD, 22.3 ± 4.6 years of age) and 6164 female (21.6 ± 4.3) athlete observations from 49 sports. [Hb] was calculated using one of three cytometers; Bayer-H3 (1997-1999, n = 4554), ADVIA-120 (1999-2010, n = 8636) and Sysmex XT-2000i (2010-2012, n = 697). The final model was a linear mixed model for [Hb] with analyzer (H3, ADVIA, Sysmex), sex (male, female), sport (power-endurance, endurance, skill, team, disabled and non-athletes), season (summer, winter), and the interaction between sex and sport as fixed effects and athlete as a random effect. The model included an exponential correlation structure to allow for within-subject autocorrelation, and allowed different within-subject variances for each sport. Within-subject [Hb] variance (g(2) /L(2) ) was significantly less for power endurance (35.09, 95% CI 33.50 to 36.76), disabled (25.82, 95% CI 21.71 to 35.28) and non-athletes (34.30, 95% CI 28.53 to 35.87) than for endurance (40.35, 95% CI 39.62 to 47.22) and team sports (38.70, 95% CI 37.68 to 39.76) athletes. No new evidence was found to justify adjusting the current within-subject [Hb] variance estimate.


Asunto(s)
Atletas , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Personas con Discapacidad , Doping en los Deportes , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Resistencia Física , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores Sexuales , Deportes , Adulto Joven
20.
PLoS One ; 10(12): e0143028, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26629912

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of moderate-high altitude on power output, cadence, speed and heart rate during a multi-day cycling tour. METHODS: Power output, heart rate, speed and cadence were collected from elite male road cyclists during maximal efforts of 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 600 s. The efforts were completed in a laboratory power-profile assessment, and spontaneously during a cycling race simulation near sea-level and an international cycling race at moderate-high altitude. Matched data from the laboratory power-profile and the highest maximal mean power output (MMP) and corresponding speed and heart rate recorded during the cycling race simulation and cycling race at moderate-high altitude were compared using paired t-tests. Additionally, all MMP and corresponding speeds and heart rates were binned per 1000 m (<1000 m, 1000-2000, 2000-3000 and >3000 m) according to the average altitude of each ride. Mixed linear modelling was used to compare cycling performance data from each altitude bin. RESULTS: Power output was similar between the laboratory power-profile and the race simulation, however MMPs for 5-600 s and 15, 60, 240 and 600 s were lower (p ≤ 0.005) during the race at altitude compared with the laboratory power-profile and race simulation, respectively. Furthermore, peak power output and all MMPs were lower (≥ 11.7%, p ≤ 0.001) while racing >3000 m compared with rides completed near sea-level. However, speed associated with MMP 60 and 240 s was greater (p < 0.001) during racing at moderate-high altitude compared with the race simulation near sea-level. CONCLUSION: A reduction in oxygen availability as altitude increases leads to attenuation of cycling power output during competition. Decrement in cycling power output at altitude does not seem to affect speed which tended to be greater at higher altitudes.


Asunto(s)
Altitud , Ciclismo/fisiología , Atletas , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Lagos , Masculino
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA
...