Avaliação Qualitativa de Cardápios Hospitalares / Qualitative Evaluation of Hospital Menus

Modelo: Estudo caracteriza-se como transversal, qualitativo. Objetivo: Avaliar qualitativamente as preparações de cardápios oferecidos em hospitais no município de Uberaba - MG. Metodologia: A análise foi realizada pelo método "Avaliação Qualitativa de Preparações do Cardápio" dos almoços oferecidos em cinco Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalares públicas ou particulares durante três semanas alternadas entre os meses de fevereiro a junho de 2018. Avaliou-se as ofertas de frutas, folhosos, repetições de cores, presença de alimentos sulfurados, doces, frituras, carnes gordurosas e frituras + doces na mesma refeição. Resultados: Os itens foram classificados como "ótimo" a baixa oferta de frituras (6,7%), carnes gordurosas (8,0%) e nenhuma oferta de doce + frituras no mesmo dia (0%), "bom" para oferta de folhosos (75%) e doces (22,7%), "regular" para repetição de cores (42.7%), "ruim" quanto aos alimentos sulfurados (56%) e "péssimos" quanto a oferta de frutas (9,3%). Conclusão: Os cardápios possuíam aspectos positivos como ausência de doce + fritura, baixa utilização de frituras e carnes gordurosas, boa oferta de folhosos e doces; os aspectos preocupantes relacionaram-se com a repetição de cores e negativos com a presença de alimentos sulfurados e ausência de frutas. (AU)

Study design: Cross-sectional, qualitative study. Objectives: To qualitatively evaluate the menu preparations offered at hospitals from the city of Uberaba - MG Methods: The analysis was conducted using the method "Qualitative evaluation of menu preparations" to evaluate lunch menus offered at 5 Food and Nutrition Units from public or private Hospitals for 3 weeks alternated between February and June 2018. The offer of fruits, leafy vegetables, sweets, fried food, fatty meats and fried food + sweets in the same meal were evaluated, as well as the color repetitions and the presence of sulphurated food. Results: Items rated as "Excellent" showed low offer of fried food (6.7%), fatty meats (8.0%) and no offer of sweet + fried food on the same day (0%); "Good" showed the offer of leafy vegetables (75%) and sweets (22.7%); "Regular" indicated color repetition (42.7%); "Bad" indicated sulphurated food (56%) and "Very bad" stood for fruit offer (9.3%). Conclusion: The menus had positive aspects such as the absence of sweet + fried food, low presence of fried food and fatty meats, good offer of leafy vegetables and sweets. The worrying aspects were associated with color repetition and the negative aspects were related to the presence of sulphurated food and absence of fruits. (AU)

New Insights of Turmeric Extract-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Development, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity.

Here, we presented new insights of the development of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing turmeric compounds (turmeric-PLGA-NPs) using emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticulate system was characterized by size, zeta potential, morphology, release profile, partition parameter, stability and encapsulation efficiency (%EE). Antioxidant activity studies were also evaluated. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model (Mt/M∞ vs. t) was used to determine the release mechanisms of the studied system. Our results demonstrated the emulsion-solvent evaporation method was shown advantageous for producing turmeric-PLGA-NPs in the range of 145 nm with high homogeneity in size distribution, zeta potential of -21.8 mV and %EE about 72%. Nanoparticles were stable over a period of one month. In vitro study showed a release of curcumin governed by diffusion and relaxation of the polymeric matrix. The partition parameter of the extract in relation to blank-PLGA-NPs was 0.111 ± 0.008 M-1, indicating a low affinity of curcumin for the polymer matrix. Antioxidant ability of the turmeric-PLGA-NPs in scavenging the radical 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was inferior to free turmeric extract and showed a concentration and time-dependent profile. The study concluded that PLGA nanoparticles are potential carriers for turmeric extract delivery.

Addition of Orange Peel in Orange Jam: Evaluation of Sensory, Physicochemical, and Nutritional Characteristics.

Orange is highly nutritious and a source of phytochemical compounds. However, its by-products are usually discarded. In this study, we evaluated the effect of orange peel (OP) addition in orange jam on sensory, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. Four jam formulations were elaborated with different OP levels: OP0 (standard), OP4, OP8, and OP12 (Orange Peel 0, 4, 8 and 12%, respectively). All samples were evaluated for sensory acceptability, and physicochemical and nutritional composition. The addition of 12% orange peel in jam reduced (p < 0.05) the acceptability for all evaluated attributes, as well as overall acceptance and purchase intention. However, OP utilization increased (p < 0.05) the levels of water activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and sugars. Soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, luminosity (L*), and yellow content (b*) decreased in all added OP jams, while red content (a*) increased. No change in the pH and moisture values of the product were observed after OP addition. Ash, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity values increased after OP addition, while carbohydrate and energy content decreased. A texture test showed that adhesiveness decreased, while gumminess, chewiness, and elasticity increased after OP addition. We concluded that the addition of up to 8% orange peel in jam maintains sensory acceptability similar to that of the standard product. OP addition is a viable alternative to improve some of the product's physicochemical and nutritional characteristics.

Genetic divergence among processing tomato hybrids and formation of new segregating populations / Divergência genética entre híbridos de tomate industrial e formação de novas populações segregantes

ABSTRACT Tomato is the most important vegetable species and has a strong bottleneck effect in its domestication and evolution. In exploring the existing genetic variability in commercial germplasm, germplasm has been proven to be an excellent alternative to obtain inbred lines in order to provide superior new hybrids in the future. In this sense, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic distance among commercial processing tomato hybrids via agronomical and quality postharvest fruit traits with the aim of suggesting promising crosses for the formation of base populations for tomato breeding. Ten hybrids of processing tomato were evaluated in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. In total, eleven agronomic and postharvest fruit quality traits were evaluated. The genetic distances were estimated between the hybrids using the generalized Mahalanobis () and Gower () distances. The genetic distance among tomato hybrids was determined using a graphic projection of the first two canonical variables. The presence of significant genetic variability among the hybrids (P <0.05) was demonstrated and was sufficient for the selection of the best hybrids before the breeding process. The hybrid Laura stood out for its postharvest characteristics and was the most divergent genotype compared to the others evaluated. The most promising crossings for the formation of segregating populations with superior genetic merit are Kátia x Laura, Vênus x Laura, Fascínio x Laura, AP-533 x Laura, Tinto x Laura, AP-529 x Laura, Supera x Laura, Granadero x Laura, Granadero x AP533, Granadero x Ap529 and Granadero x Kátia.

RESUMO O tomateiro é a cultura hortaliça mais importante e sofreu um forte estreitamento de sua base genética ao longo da sua evolução e domesticação. Explorar a variabilidade genética existente em germoplasma comercial têm se mostrado uma excelente alternativa para obtenção de novas linhagens que proporcionará novos híbridos no futuro. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a distância genética entre híbridos de tomateiro para processamento industrial por meio de variáveis agronômicas e de qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos, com intuito de sugerir cruzamentos promissores para a formação de populações-base para o melhoramento do tomateiro. Foi conduzido um experimento com dez híbridos de tomateiro para processamento em delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Ao todo foram avaliadas onze características de natureza agronômica e de qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos. As distâncias genéticas entre os híbridos foram estimadas por meio da distância generalizada de Mahalanobis () e Gower (). A divergência genética entre os híbrido foi estudada por meio da projeção gráfica dos genótipos utilizando-se as duas primeiras variáveis canônicas. Foi comprovada a presença de variabilidade genética significativa (P<0,05) entre os híbridos, viabilizando a realização da seleção dos melhores híbridos para os objetivos do melhoramento. O híbrido Laura se destacou para características pós-colheita e foi o genótipo mais divergente perante aos demais avaliados. Pensando-se em formar populações-base com ampla variabilidade genética as combinações de híbridos simples mais recomendadas é Kátia x Laura, Vênus x Laura, Fascínio x Laura, AP-533 x Laura, Tinto x Laura, AP-529 x Laura, Supera x Laura e Granadero x Laura.

Dietas para emagrecimento publicadas em um magazine direcionado ao público feminino: análise do conteúdo nutricional / Nutritional analysis of weight loss diets published in a women's magazine

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar nutricionalmente dietas veiculadas em uma revista não científica direcionada ao público feminino e comparar o seu conteúdo com as recomendações dietéticas atuais de macronutrientes e micronutrientes para mulheres adultas. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados os 24 números publicados em 2013 e 2014 pela revista feminina de circulação nacional da maior circulação nesse período, e analisadas as dietas para emagrecimento veiculadas nesses números. A composição nutricional foi calculada pelo software Avanutri® e comparada com as recomendações atuais do Institute of Medicine para macro e micronutrientes. As dietas foram divididas em dois grupos: de muita restrição calórica (≤1100 kcal) e de pouca restrição calórica (>1100 kcal). A análise compreendeu a comparação entre as dietas e as recomendações atuais e a comparação entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 20 dietas, as quais apresentavam um valor calórico médio de 1227,83±261,54 kcal. Todas as dietas estavam inadequadas em vitamina D (média: 2,09±1,16), ácido fólico (média: 109,26±41,19), ferro (média: 11,35±3,06), cálcio (média: 532,23±133,56) e zinco (média: 4,23±2,11). Quando comparados os dois grupos de dietas, as dietas de muita restrição calórica indicavam menores teores de vitamina C (p=0,011), ferro (p=0,051), cálcio (p=0,022) e zinco (p=0,033). Em relação aos macronutrientes, a maioria das dietas estava de acordo com os valores recomendados. Em relação às fibras, todas as dietas ficavam abaixo dos valores recomendados. A maioria das dietas com inadequação de macro e micronutrientes pertencia ao grupo de muita restrição calórica. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria das dietas recomendadas pela revista analisada apresentava um reduzido aporte de energia e nutrientes, incluindo vitaminas e minerais importantes para mulheres em idade fértil. As dietas de muita restrição calórica apresentavam mais frequentemente valores nutricionais inadequados. Este resultado reforça a importância de que dietas sejam individualizadas e acompanhadas por profissional habilitado.

AIMS: To nutritionally analyze diets published in a women's magazine and compare them with current dietary recommendations for macronutrient and micronutrient intake by adult women. MESTHODS: Twenty-four issues published in 2013 and 2014 by women's magazine with the largest circulation in that period were selected, and the weight-loss diets therein were assessed. The nutritional composition was calculated by the Avanutri® software and compared with the current recommendations from the Institute of Medicine for macronutrients and micronutrients. The diets were divided into two groups: large caloric restriction (≤1,100 kcal) and slight caloric restriction (>1,100 kcal). RESULTS: Twenty diets were analyzed, with an average caloric value of 1,227.83±261.54 kcal. All diets were deficient in vitamin D (mean of 2.09±1.16, folic acid (mean of 109.26±41.19), iron (mean of 11.35±3.06), calcium (mean of 532.23±133.56), and zinc (mean of 4.23±2.11). When both groups were compared, diets with large caloric restriction had lower concentrations of vitamin C (p=0.011), iron (p=0.051), calcium (p=0.022), and zinc (p=0.033). Most diets contained the recommended amount of macronutrients, but all of them were lacking in fibers. Most diets with inappropriate amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients were in the large caloric restriction group. CONCLUSIONS: Most diets had a deficient supply of energy and nutrients, especially vitamins and minerals that are important for women of childbearing age. Diets with large caloric restriction often contained inappropriate nutritional values. This result reinforces the importance that diets be individualized and monitored by a qualified professional.

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in different maturation stages of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica) biofortified with selenium.

In this work, three different broccoli maturity stages subjected to biofortification with selenium were evaluated for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Antioxidant trials have shown that the maturation stages biofortified with selenium had significantly higher amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, especially seedlings. Although non-polar extracts of all samples show antiproliferative activity, the extract of broccoli seedlings biofortified with selenium stood out, presenting cytocidal activity for a glioma line (U251, GI50 28.5 mg L(-1)).