Development of an innovative analytical method for forensic detection of cocaine, antidepressants, and metabolites in postmortem blood using magnetic nanoparticles.

Cocaine and antidepressants rank high globally in substance consumption, emphasizing their impact on public health. The determination of these compounds and related substances in biological samples is crucial for forensic toxicology. This study focused on developing an innovative analytical method for the determination of cocaine, antidepressants, and their related metabolites in postmortem blood samples, using unmodified commercial Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a sorbent for dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (m-d-SPE), coupled with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. An aliquot of 100 µL of whole blood and 5 µL of the internal standard pool were added to 30 mg of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were separated from the sample using a neodymium magnet inserted into a 3D-printed microtube rack. The liquid was then discarded, followed by desorption with 300 µL of 1/1/1 acetonitrile/methanol/ethyl acetate. The sample was vortexed and separated, and 1.5 µL of the organic supernatant was injected into the LC-MS/MS. The method was acceptably validated and successfully applied to 263 postmortem blood samples. All samples evaluated in this study were positive for at least one substance. The most frequent analyte was benzoylecgonine, followed by cocaine and cocaethylene. The most common antidepressants encountered in the analyzed samples were citalopram and fluoxetine, followed by fluoxetine's metabolite norfluoxetine. This study describes the first report of this sorbent in postmortem blood analysis, demonstrating satisfactory results for linearity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity for all compounds. The method's applicability was confirmed, establishing it as an efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional techniques for forensic casework.

A validated dilute-and-shoot LC-MS-MS urine screening for the analysis of 95 illicit drugs and medicines: Insights from clinical and forensic Brazilian cases.

Urine toxicological analysis is a relevant tool in both clinical and forensic scenarios, enabling the diagnosis of acute poisonings, elucidation of deaths, verification of substance use in the workplace and identification of drug-facilitated crimes. For these analyses, the dilute-and-shoot technique associated with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) is a promising alternative since it has demonstrated satisfactory results and broad applicability. This study developed and validated a comprehensive LC-MS-MS screening method to analyze 95 illicit drugs and medicines in urine samples and application to clinical and forensic Brazilian cases. The dilute-and-shoot protocol was defined through multivariate optimization studies and was set using 100 µL of sample and 300 µL of solvent. The total chromatographic run time was 7.5 min. The method was validated following the recommendations of the ANSI/ASB Standard 036 Guideline. The lower limits of quantification varied from 20 to 100 ng/mL. Within-run and between-run precision coefficient of variations% were <20%, and bias was within ± 20%. Only 4 of the 95 analytes presented significant ionization suppression or enhancement (>25%). As proof of applicability, 839 urine samples from in vivo and postmortem cases were analyzed. In total, 90.9% of the analyzed samples were positive for at least one substance, and 78 of the 95 analytes were detected. The most prevalent substances were lidocaine (40.2%), acetaminophen (38.0%) and benzoylecgonine (31.5%). The developed method proved to be an efficient and simplified alternative for analyzing 95 therapeutic and illicit drugs in urine samples. Additionally, the results obtained from sample analysis are essential for understanding the profile of Brazilian substance use, serving as a valuable database for the promotion of health and safety public policies.

Historia clínica electrónica: miradas críticas de médicos del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Electronic medical records: critical views of doctors in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires, Argentina / Registro médico eletrônico: pontos de vista críticos dos médicos da área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Resumen Los procesos de digitalización del siglo XX extendieron el uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación al campo de la salud. El artículo aborda la Historia Clínica Electrónica a partir de las críticas y debilidades señaladas por especialistas en Clínica Médica, Medicina General y/o de Familia del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El diseño metodológico cualitativo incluyó 43 entrevistas realizadas entre junio de 2019 y marzo de 2020. El andamiaje teórico interpretativo articula tres campos: Comunicación y Salud; Biomedicina, Biopolítica y Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación; Subjetividad, Derechos y Género. Los principales resultados conciernen a cambios en las relaciones médico-paciente, registro y uso de datos, implicancias sobre los derechos y las subjetividades, potencialidades y problemáticas de la informatización en salud en un contexto de precaria infraestructura, desafíos en la regulación y desigualdades estructurales.(AU)

Abstract Digitalization has extended the use of information and communications technologies in the field of health. This article addresses electronic medical records drawing on the criticisms and weaknesses highlighted by clinical specialists, general practitioners, and family doctors working in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The qualitative research design included 43 interviews conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. We developed an interpretive framework structured around three categories: communications and health; biomedicine, biopolitics and information and communication technologies; subjectivity, rights and gender. The main results refer to: changes in doctor-patient relations; data recording and usage; implications for rights and subjectivities; potential and challenges of health informatization in a context of precarious infrastructure; and regulatory challenges and structural inequalities.(AU)

Resumo Os processos de digitalização do século XX estenderam o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação ao campo da saúde. O artigo aborda o Registro Médico Eletrônico a partir das críticas e fragilidades apontadas por especialistas em Clínica Médica, Medicina Geral e / ou Família da Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. O desenho metodológico qualitativo incluiu 43 entrevistas realizadas entre junho de 2019 e março de 2020. O referencial teórico interpretativo articula três campos: Comunicação e Saúde; Biomedicina, Biopolítica e Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação; Subjetividade, Direitos e Gênero. Os principais resultados referem-se a mudanças nas relações médico-paciente, registro e uso de dados, implicações em direitos e subjetividades, potencialidades e problemas de informatização em saúde em um contexto de infraestrutura precária, desafios na regulação e desigualdades estruturais.(AU)

Infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em paciente com agamaglobulinemia ligada ao X tratado com altas doses de imunoglobulina endovenosa e plasma de convalescente / SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia treated with high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma

A pandemia pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 atingiu adultos, crianças e penalizou indivíduos idosos e com comorbidades como diabetes, doença cardíaca, hipertensão e obesidade. A maioria dos infectados são assintomáticos ou têm sintomas leves, entretanto 15% podem apresentar pneumonia e 5% síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Apresentamos um caso de agamaglobulinemia ligada ao X (XLA) em paciente masculino de 27 anos que se infectou com SARS-CoV-2. Os pacientes com XLA não possuem linfócitos B e não produzem anticorpos devido a uma mutação no gene Bruton tirosino-quinase (BTK), responsável pela maturação dos linfócitos B. Ele infectou-se e foi internado em hospital de Ivoti/RS. A evolução da pneumonia foi rápida, necessitando transferência para o Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) no 10° dia de evolução. Iniciou com infusão de imunoglobulinas, tendo utilizado o total de 400 gramas devido ao intenso catabolismo da IgG, mantendo-se sua concentração entre 700-900 mg/dL. Necessitou de ventilação mecânica, oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) e hemodiálise. Foi administrado plasma de convalescente (PC), 300 mL, por duas vezes, com melhora clínico-radiológica e retirada da ventilação mecânica. Piorou e repetiu outras 4 infusões de PC (total de 1717 mL), negativando o vírus na orofaringe (RT-PCR). Em 3 ocasiões teve sepse, debelada rapidamente. Apresentou anemia, com necessidade de transfusão frequente. Identificou-se linfopenia de CD3, CD4, CD8, NK e ausência de linfócitos B. A linfopenia foi revertida com a recuperação clínica e a alta hospitalar aconteceu no 70° dia de internação.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected adults and children and penalized older people and those with comorbidities such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and obesity. Most of those infected are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, but 15% may have pneumonia and 5% acute respiratory distress syndrome. We report a case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in a 27-yearold man who was infected with SARS-CoV-2. XLA patients do not have B lymphocytes and do not produce antibodies because of mutations in the Bruton tyrosine-kinase gene, responsible for the maturation of B cells. This patient was infected and then admitted to a hospital in Ivoti, southern Brazil. Pneumonia progressed rapidly, requiring transfer to the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre on the 10th day. Intravenous immunoglobulin infusions were initiated, using a total of 400 grams because of an intense catabolism of IgG, and the concentration was kept around 700- 900 mg/dL. Mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and hemodialysis were necessary. Convalescent plasma (CP) was administered (2x300 mL) and then followed by clinical and radiological improvement and interruption of mechanical ventilation. Then he got sicker and had to return to invasive support and received 4 extra CP infusions (total of 1717 mL), until a negative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was obtained. On 3 occasions he had sepsis, promptly managed. He had anemia, requiring frequent transfusion, and lymphopenia (CD3, CD4, CD8, NK), with absence of B lymphocytes. Lymphopenia was reverted during recovery, and he was discharged from the hospital on the 70th day.

Sexualidades, género y otras relaciones políticas en el espacio virtual: oportunidades, desafíos y nuevas sociabilidades / Documentos de Trabajo

Este documento se desarrolló en el marco del Proyecto de investigación de Reconocimiento Institucional (PRI) Nº R10-262/ 2010-2012: ôExposición al riesgo de los jóvenes en el campo de la sexualidad y las relaciones de género en el ámbito de las interacciones virtualesö, en el Instituto de investigaciones Gino Germani de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y fue dirigido por la Dra. Patricia K. N. Schwarz. La metodología empleada en este proyecto es cualitativa y tiene un diseño exploratorio y descriptivo. Se realizaron 4 grupos focales con mujeres y varones y 16 entrevistas en profundidad a jóvenes de sectores socioeconómicos medios y bajos de 13 a 22 años. El objetivo de este documento es recorrer diferentes dimensiones de los usos de Internet en el contexto de desarrollo incesante de las Nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (NTICs). Las dimensiones exploradas refieren tanto a aquello que se propone el proyecto marco: sexualidad y relaciones de género en jóvenes en tanto formas de sociabilidad, como a los emergentes que a lo largo de la investigación resultaron relevantes: la dimensión geopolítica y la especificidad del abordaje metodológico de estas problemáticas

This document was developed under the research project entitled: ôRisk exposure of young people in the field of sexuality and gender relationships in the field of virtual interactionsö(Institutional Recognized Research Project Program Nº R10-262/2010-2012), led by Dr. Patricia K. N. Schwarz in the Gino Germani Research Institute, at the Social Sciences Faculty of the Buenos Aires University. The methodology used in this research is qualitative and has an exploratory and descriptive design. We made a literature review on the subject, as well as four focus groups and 16 interviews with young people from middle and low class, 13 to 22 years old. The aim of this paper is to explore different dimensions of Internet uses in the context of continual development of the New Information and Communication Technologies. The explored dimensions are some of the ones proposed by the research project: sexualities and gender relationships in young people as ways of sociabilities, as well relevant dimensions that became along the research project: the geopolitical dimension and the specificity of the methodological approaches of these sociological problems.

Sexualidades, género y otras relaciones políticas en el espacio virtual: oportunidades, desafíos y nuevas sociabilidades / Documentos de Trabajo

Este documento se desarrolló en el marco del Proyecto de investigación de Reconocimiento Institucional (PRI) Nº R10-262/ 2010-2012: ôExposición al riesgo de los jóvenes en el campo de la sexualidad y las relaciones de género en el ámbito de las interacciones virtualesö, en el Instituto de investigaciones Gino Germani de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y fue dirigido por la Dra. Patricia K. N. Schwarz. La metodología empleada en este proyecto es cualitativa y tiene un diseño exploratorio y descriptivo. Se realizaron 4 grupos focales con mujeres y varones y 16 entrevistas en profundidad a jóvenes de sectores socioeconómicos medios y bajos de 13 a 22 años. El objetivo de este documento es recorrer diferentes dimensiones de los usos de Internet en el contexto de desarrollo incesante de las Nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (NTICs). Las dimensiones exploradas refieren tanto a aquello que se propone el proyecto marco: sexualidad y relaciones de género en jóvenes en tanto formas de sociabilidad, como a los emergentes que a lo largo de la investigación resultaron relevantes: la dimensión geopolítica y la especificidad del abordaje metodológico de estas problemáticas (AU)

This document was developed under the research project entitled: ôRisk exposure of young people in the field of sexuality and gender relationships in the field of virtual interactionsö(Institutional Recognized Research Project Program Nº R10-262/2010-2012), led by Dr. Patricia K. N. Schwarz in the Gino Germani Research Institute, at the Social Sciences Faculty of the Buenos Aires University. The methodology used in this research is qualitative and has an exploratory and descriptive design. We made a literature review on the subject, as well as four focus groups and 16 interviews with young people from middle and low class, 13 to 22 years old. The aim of this paper is to explore different dimensions of Internet uses in the context of continual development of the New Information and Communication Technologies. The explored dimensions are some of the ones proposed by the research project: sexualities and gender relationships in young people as ways of sociabilities, as well relevant dimensions that became along the research project: the geopolitical dimension and the specificity of the methodological approaches of these sociological problems. (AU)

Agencia y cuidados en personas que vivien con enfermedades crónicas no transmitibles / Documentos de Trabajo

Este documento reúne los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de la ejecución del proyecto titulado ôPercepciones de Riesgos y/o peligros para la salud en varones y mujeres de sectores medios de la ciudad de Buenos Airesö (UBACyT SO12, programación 2008-2010), dirigido por la Dra. Ana Domínguez Monen el Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El objetivo general del trabajo ha sido describir y analizar las prácticas de cuidado de varones y mujeres de sectores medios porteños en relación a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Los objetivos específicos fueron la caracterización epidemiológica de las enfermedades crónicas en la ciudad de Buenos Aires; la sistematización y el análisis de paradigmas conceptuales y de propuestas metodológicas cualitativas desde el campo socio-antropológico en las últimas décadas del siglo pasado;la revisión de la categoría ôestilo de vidaö a partir del análisis etnográfico delos datos de campo en relación a la producción de cuidados a la salud y las enfermedades crónicas; la particularidad de las prácticas de cuidados de las mujeres que viven con las enfermedades crónicas; la revisión conceptual dela categoría ôcuidadosö en relación a la salud. Finalmente, un estudio de caso etnográfico en relación a la hidatidosis, realizado en el área rural del norte andino del Chubut, permite reconocer la dimensión política del abordaje sanitario de esta enfermedad crónica a comienzos de siglo XXI.

This document gathers some outcomes of the project entitled ôRisk Perceptions and health hazards in middle class men and women in Buenos Aires, Argentinaö (UBACyT SO12, programming 2008-2010), led by Ana Domínguez Mon in the Gino Germani Research Institute, at the Social Sciences Faculty of the Universityof Buenos Aires. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze men ösand womenös middle class caring practices towards chronic diseases. Thespecific objectives were the epidemiological characterization of chronic diseases in Buenos Aires, the systematization and analysis of conceptual paradigms and methodological approaches from qualitative socio-anthropological fieldin the last decades of the twentieth century; the ôlifestyleö category revisited from the ethnographic analysis of field data; the gender analysis of health care practices in middle class women living with chronic diseases; the conceptual review of the category ôcare workö related to health. Finally, an ethnographic approach in a case study of hydatidosis in rural areas of the northern Andes of Chubut, assesses the political dimension of health, related to chronic disease in the early twenty-first century in Argentina.

Agencia y cuidados en personas que vivien con enfermedades crónicas no transmitibles / Documentos de Trabajo

Este documento reúne los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de la ejecución del proyecto titulado ôPercepciones de Riesgos y/o peligros para la salud en varones y mujeres de sectores medios de la ciudad de Buenos Airesö (UBACyT SO12, programación 2008-2010), dirigido por la Dra. Ana Domínguez Monen el Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El objetivo general del trabajo ha sido describir y analizar las prácticas de cuidado de varones y mujeres de sectores medios porteños en relación a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Los objetivos específicos fueron la caracterización epidemiológica de las enfermedades crónicas en la ciudad de Buenos Aires; la sistematización y el análisis de paradigmas conceptuales y de propuestas metodológicas cualitativas desde el campo socio-antropológico en las últimas décadas del siglo pasado;la revisión de la categoría ôestilo de vidaö a partir del análisis etnográfico delos datos de campo en relación a la producción de cuidados a la salud y las enfermedades crónicas; la particularidad de las prácticas de cuidados de las mujeres que viven con las enfermedades crónicas; la revisión conceptual dela categoría ôcuidadosö en relación a la salud. Finalmente, un estudio de caso etnográfico en relación a la hidatidosis, realizado en el área rural del norte andino del Chubut, permite reconocer la dimensión política del abordaje sanitario de esta enfermedad crónica a comienzos de siglo XXI. (AU)

This document gathers some outcomes of the project entitled ôRisk Perceptions and health hazards in middle class men and women in Buenos Aires, Argentinaö (UBACyT SO12, programming 2008-2010), led by Ana Domínguez Mon in the Gino Germani Research Institute, at the Social Sciences Faculty of the Universityof Buenos Aires. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze men ösand womenös middle class caring practices towards chronic diseases. Thespecific objectives were the epidemiological characterization of chronic diseases in Buenos Aires, the systematization and analysis of conceptual paradigms and methodological approaches from qualitative socio-anthropological fieldin the last decades of the twentieth century; the ôlifestyleö category revisited from the ethnographic analysis of field data; the gender analysis of health care practices in middle class women living with chronic diseases; the conceptual review of the category ôcare workö related to health. Finally, an ethnographic approach in a case study of hydatidosis in rural areas of the northern Andes of Chubut, assesses the political dimension of health, related to chronic disease in the early twenty-first century in Argentina. (AU)

Construcción de la maternidad en el encuentro de la institución médico ginecológica con mujeres de clase media de la ciudad de Buenos Aires / Construção da maternidade no encontro da instituição médico-ginecológica com mulheres de classe média da cidade de Buenos Aires / Maternity construction in the meeting of the medical and gynecological institution with middle-class women of Buenos Aires

En este artículo se analiza cómo operan el discurso y la práctica de ginecólogos en la conformación de percepciones y prácticas de la maternidad en mujeres jóvenes de clase media porteña. A partir de un diseño descriptivo y exploratorio, se realizaron 50 entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres de clase media, de 25 a 35 años de edad, que se socializaron y viven actualmente en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, y 15 entrevistas a médicos ginecólogos que se desempeñan como tales en la misma ciudad. Se observa que tanto las mujeres como los médicos se ajustan a estereotipos tradicionales de género, no obstante lo cual existen intersticios normativos en sus prácticas y percepciones cuyo análisis se desarrollará aquí, con un abordaje metodológico cualitativo...

Neste artigo analisa-se como operam o discurso e a prática de ginecologistas na conformação de percepções e práticas da maternidade em mulheres jovens de classe média portenha. A partir de um desenho descritivo e exploratório, realizaram-se 50 entrevistas em profundidade com mulheres de classe média, de 25 a 35 anos de idade, que se socializaram e vivem atualmente na Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires, e 15 entrevistas com médicos ginecologistas que atuam como tais na mesma cidade. Observa-se que tanto as mulheres como os médicos enquadram-se em estereótipos tradicionais de gênero, não obstante o que existem interstícios normativos em suas práticas e percepções cuja análise se desenvolverá aqui, com uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa...

This article analyzes how gynecologists' discourse and practice organize perceptions and the experience of mothering among young middle class women in Buenos Aires. Using a descriptive, exploratory design, In-depth interviews were conducted with 50 middle class women, ages 25 to 35, raised and currently living in the City of Buenos Aires, and with 15 gynecologists who practice in town. Results indicate that both women and physicians adhere to traditional gender stereotypes, yet normative interstices are found in their practices and perceptions. The latter are analyzed using a qualitative approach...

Usos del tiempo, violencias, consumo de drogas y sexualidad en jóvenes en espacios recreativos nocturnos en tres ciudades argentinas / Documentos de Trabajo

En el presente documento se resumen los hallazgos de la etapa cuantitativa de la investigación que este equipo viene llevando a cabo en torno a los usos del tiempo y los consumos de los jóvenes de ciudades de tamaño intermedio en los espacios recreativos nocturnos a los que suelen concurrir.

This document summarizes the findings of the quantitative stage of the research that this team has been carrying out about use of time and consumption in nightlife in the spaces to which young people living at medium-sized cities use to attend.

Usos del tiempo, violencias, consumo de drogas y sexualidad en jóvenes en espacios recreativos nocturnos en tres ciudades argentinas / Documentos de Trabajo

En el presente documento se resumen los hallazgos de la etapa cuantitativa de la investigación que este equipo viene llevando a cabo en torno a los usos del tiempo y los consumos de los jóvenes de ciudades de tamaño intermedio en los espacios recreativos nocturnos a los que suelen concurrir. (AU)

This document summarizes the findings of the quantitative stage of the research that this team has been carrying out about use of time and consumption in nightlife in the spaces to which young people living at medium-sized cities use to attend. (AU)

Viabilidade espermática após a troca de plasma seminal entre . machos suínos com diferente sensibilidade ao resfriamento

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar um possível efeito do plasma seminal (PS) na sensibilidade espermática ao resfriamento,a partir da troca cruzada de PS, entre cachaças com diferente mahutenção da mótilidade. (MOT) a 17C. Foram utilizados comodoadores de sêmen cinco cachaças selecionados pre.viamente, de um total de 30 machos, conforme a MOT do sêmenavaliada durante sete dias de armazenamento a 17C, e classificados como: menor (MES - MOT 360% após 144h) e maiorsensibilidade ao resfriamento (MAS- MOT 60% nas 72h). Ejaculados dos machos MAS e MES foram distribuídos em seistratamentos, com cinco repetições cada. Nos tratamentos T1 e T3, o sêmen dos. machos MES e MAS, respectivamente, foramprocessados de acordo com o protocolo convencional. Foi efetuada centrifugação (800g por 1 O min) e adição do PS (1 Oml)homólogo para os espermatozóides MES eMAS, respectivamente, nos T2 e T4. Após a centrifugação, foi realizada a troca doPS, sendo que espermatozóides dos machos MES foram expostos ao ps dos machos MAS (T5) e o PS dos machos MES foiadicionado aos espermatozóides dos machos MAS (T6). As doses de sêmen; diluídas em BTS, contendo três bilhões deespermatozóides e distribuídas· de acordo cóm os tratamentos descritos foram avaliadas durante sete dias de conservação.A MOT foi avaliada a cada .24h. Os percentuais de acrossomas normais (NAR) e de membranas íntegras (IM) foram ava