RESUMEN
Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a newly recognized, rare clinicopathological entity commonly described in the cerebellar hemispheres or the vermis. We present a rare case of cerebellar liponeurocytoma arising from the left cerebellar amygdala with extracranial extension. Such a condition has never been previously reported.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Cerebelosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/cirugía , Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Lipoma/cirugía , Neurocitoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neurocitoma/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Nonketotic hyperglycemia-induced hemichorea or hemiballism is a well-recognized entity that is rarely encountered. Particular computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings have been described. The pathophysiological mechanism of this disease remains uncertain. We report here on two female patients that presented with hemiballism secondary to nonketotic hyperglycemia and underwent brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Asunto(s)
Discinesias/etiología , Discinesias/patología , Hiperglicinemia no Cetósica/complicaciones , Hiperglicinemia no Cetósica/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Central neurocytoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the central nervous system. The intraventricular location close to the Monro foramina and the attachment to the septum pellucidum are characteristic for the diagnosis. However, atypical appearances may be encountered and confused with other neoplasms. The authors report the radiological findings of 32 surgically treated and pathologically confirmed neurocytomas.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neurocitoma , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neurocitoma/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This is a report of the endovascular treatment of three intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVM) using Onyx. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinical and angiographic results in three patients with intracranial DAVM, revealed by a hemorrhagic event and treated by endovascular way by the use Onyx. Angiographic investigation showed the DAVM to be located in the lateral sinus in two cases and in the tentorium region in the third. RESULTS: In all three cases, embolization was performed by selective catheterization of the meningeal arterial feeder of the DAVM. The injection of Onyx resulted in complete anatomical exclusion of the DAVM, as demonstrated by posttreatment angiography. Clinically, the patients recovered partially or completely their neurological deficit. CONCLUSION: Onyx is a liquid embolization agent recently introduced for the treatment of DAVM. When used under optimal conditions, it offers a feasible alternative option in the treatment of such vascular malformations.
Asunto(s)
Dimetilsulfóxido/uso terapéutico , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas Intracraneales/terapia , Polivinilos/uso terapéutico , Angiografía Cerebral , Duramadre/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas Intracraneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We report the neuroimaging findings of a case of reversible metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated lesions in highly suggestive locations. Follow-up imaging performed 1 month after cessation of metronidazole therapy demonstrated resolution of imaging findings.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/efectos adversos , Encefalopatías/inducido químicamente , Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Metronidazol/efectos adversos , Medios de Contraste , Gadolinio DTPA , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We report a case of an unusual epidermoid cyst (EC) of the cerebellopontine angle that appeared hyperdense on computed tomography (CT) scanning, hyperintense on T1-weighted MR images and hypointense on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed a hypointense lesion. We discuss imaging characteristics of ECs, explain the atypical findings in our case and confirm that the signal seen on diffusion-weighted images in the EC is related to a T2 effect.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Encefalopatías/patología , Ángulo Pontocerebeloso/diagnóstico por imagen , Ángulo Pontocerebeloso/patología , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Quiste Epidérmico/diagnóstico por imagen , Quiste Epidérmico/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
We report two cases of cerebral deep venous thrombosis in female adults. The first patient presented with headaches and confusion 20 days postpartum. Deep cerebral internal venous thrombosis was suspected based on the CT scan showing bilateral hypodensity in the thalamus and internal capsules. The diagnosis was confirmed on cerebral angiography. The patient was treated but died within 3 weeks of the onset of symptoms. The second patient had no obvious predisposing factors. She presented with confusion and fever. The diagnosis was strongly suggested by the CT scan, which showed spontaneous high density in the deep venous system associated with bilateral hypodensities in the thalamus and internal capsules. Venous MR angiography revealed obliteration of internal cerebral veins and the great vein of Galen. Ten days after appropriate therapy, the patient recovered completely.
Asunto(s)
Venas Cerebrales , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Symptomatic Rathke cleft cysts (RCC) are reported in the sellar and suprasellar regions, but no case of sphenoidal RCC has been reported. We report a case of sphenoidal RCC in a 41-year-old man. The lesion was revealed by headaches and diplopia. Symptoms disappeared transiently after a spontaneous rhinorrhea but relapsed 4 months later. MR imaging showed a cystic sphenoidal lesion, isointense on T1-weighted images (WI) with peripheral gadolinium enhancement and hyperintense on T2 WI. The patient underwent surgery through a transrhinoseptal approach. The wall of the sphenoid sinus was paper-thin. The cyst contained a motor-oil-like fluid and communicated widely with the nasal fossa. Its wall was partially extracted. Symptoms and signs ceased after surgery. MR imaging performed 1 year later showed the disappearance of the sphenoidal cyst. Embryological origin of RCCs is discussed. The hypothesis of a continuum between the different epithelial cystic lesions of the sellar and parasellar region is discussed. Imaging has an important impact on the diagnosis; nevertheless, the specific characterization remains difficult.
Asunto(s)
Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales , Seno Esfenoidal , Adulto , Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central/cirugía , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/cirugíaRESUMEN
The Gliomatosis Cerebri (GC) is an infiltrating and rare primitive tumour of the brain. It is characterized by diffuse neoplastic proliferation of glial cells involving of at least two lobes of the brain, without a distinct tumor mass and with the preservation of the anatomical and neuronal architecture. According to the WHO classification, GC is categorized as a high-grade neuroepithelial tumor of uncertain origin (GradelV). Now the diagnosis is facilitated via stereotactic biopsies of the representative lesion identified in magnetic resonance. Our objective is to present 4 new cases, and recall the clinical and radiological features and the prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliales/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Central neurocytoma is a rare intraventricular tumors occuring in young adults. The computerized tomography and the MR imaging permit to suspect the diagnosis that remains however difficult. Imunohistochemestry allows the diagnosis. We report hereby 8 new cases of central neurocytoma collected in the Institute of Neuroradiology of Tunis, four men and four women. The ages of the patients ranged from 17 to 34 years at the time of the diagnosis. The clinical and neuroradiological features of this tumour will be presented and discussed.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Ventrículo Cerebral/diagnóstico , Neurocitoma/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare lipid storage disorder due tocaused by an autosomal recessive inherited defect of the hepatic mitochondrial sterol 27 hydroxylase. It's characterized by accumulation of cholestanol and cholesterol in many tissues, in particular tendons and brain, with tendon xanthomas, juvenile cataracts, and neurological abnormalities. MR imaging showed typical bilateral and symmetrical involvement of the dentate nuclei. Early and long- term treatment may improve neurologic function. The authors present a case of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and describe ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance findings.
Asunto(s)
Xantomatosis Cerebrotendinosa/diagnóstico , Adulto , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
We report a case of sphenoidal plasmocytoma in a 57-year-old male revealing multiple myeloma. MRI showed a tumor located in the sphenoid sinus with local extension. Diagnosis was made by histology after transsphenoidal resection. We discuss the imaging features of plasmocytomas and review the principal differential diagnoses.
Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/diagnóstico , Plasmacitoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Base del Cráneo/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Balo's concentric sclerosis is a rare variant of multiple sclerosis described by Balo in 1928. It is characterized by alternating rings of demyelination and spared myelin. CASE REPORT: We report a case of Balo's concentric sclerosis diagnosed by the typical MRI findings of concentric rings of demyelination. Medullar and brain localisation were found and clinical course was good under intravenous corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: MRI provides the best diagnostic information for Balo's concentric sclerosis, allowing early diagnosis and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Cerebral Difusa de Schilder/patología , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Encéfalo/patología , Esclerosis Cerebral Difusa de Schilder/diagnóstico , Esclerosis Cerebral Difusa de Schilder/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Bulbo Raquídeo/patología , Médula Espinal/patología , Esteroides/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Cavernous angioma or cavernoma is a vascular malformation that may affect any area in the neuraxis. Epidural location is very rare and therefore seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord compression. We report two cases of epidural cavernous angiomas. The first case is a solitary and purely epidural dorsal cavernous angioma without foraminal expansion or bone modification causing spinal cord compression in a 35 year old woman. The second case is a solitary epidural dorsal cavernous angioma with foraminal extension causing spinal cord compression in a 56 year old woman. Histological confirmation is available for both cases. We describe the MRI features of this lesion insisting on its differential diagnosis on imaging.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Epidurales/diagnóstico , Hemangioma Cavernoso del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias Epidurales/patología , Femenino , Hemangioma Cavernoso del Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Examen Neurológico , Médula Espinal/patología , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/patología , Vértebras Torácicas/patologíaRESUMEN
Intracranial epidermoid cysts are relatively rare tumors. These cysts are generally nearly isodense to CSF at CT and nearly isointense to CSF on T1W and T2W MR imaging. Spontaneously hyperdense epidermoid cysts are exceptional. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with a spontaneously hyperdense epidermoid cyst of the posterior fossa presenting with focal neurological symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed at histological examination.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Fosa Craneal Posterior/patología , Quiste Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Niño , Fosa Craneal Posterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland. It is a rare occurrence and is diagnosed only on pathologic examination. We report a case of a 23-year-old female patient presenting with polyuria and polydipsia associated with a pituitary failure and hyperprolactinemia. MRI study showed a space occupying lesion of the pituitary gland with a marked enhancement after gadolinium injection. Pituitary biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis. The aim of this work is to discuss the different clinical and radiological aspects of the disease with a special emphasis on differential diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Granuloma/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/diagnóstico , Adulto , Femenino , Granuloma/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Inflamación/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/diagnóstico por imagen , RadiografíaRESUMEN
We report radiological features of a biopsy-proven early infantile form of Nasu-Hakoka disease in two Tunisian sisters with new bony and cerebral findings.