Plant attributes and their relationship to the germination response to different temperatures of 18 species from central Mexico.

Germination responses of non-dormant seeds to temperature and thermal requirements are affected by the geoclimatic origin of the species, along with specific attributes such as life form, life cycle or seed size. We evaluated the relationship of these attributes and temperature to germination in 18 species that inhabit a convergence area of two biogeographic realms. Seeds were sown at different constant temperatures. Base temperature (Tb ) and thermal time for 50% germination (θT(50) ) were determined. For Tb , θT(50) and seed size, we performed a cluster analysis and then applied a discriminant analysis (DA). DA was also performed using geoclimatic origin, life form and life cycle as grouping variables. Seed that did not germinate were transferred to the benefit temperature for germination. Finally, ethylene was applied to the remaining seeds that did not germinate. Temperature significantly affected final germination. Tb varied between 5 and 13 °C in 15 species and 19.0-21.5 °C in the remainder; θT(50) was 7-30 °Cd in eight species and 50-109 °Cd in the remainder. Cluster analysis showed three groups, and DA evidenced the relevance of Tb and θT(50) for this separation. Differences in life cycle were related to θT(50) . The geoclimatic origin was not significant. Thermoinhibition or thermodormancy were found in some species. Tb overlaps with environmental temperature of the growth season. Thermal traits for germination mainly reflect the species' life cycle, which is related to the main differences in reproductive performance among annuals and perennials. Local adaptation might mask the effect of geoclimatic origin of a species.

Manejo odontológico de paciente con déficit de factor XII: reporte de un caso

El Servicio de Medicina Transfusional del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell es el centro de referencia nacional en el área materno infantil. En el marco del convenio MSP- Facultad de Odontología de la UDELAR, se atienden en este Servicio pacientes con diversas coagulopatías. El déficit de factor XII es una patología de baja prevalencia (1-1000000) y no existe evidenciacientífica que respalde protocolos clínicos de atención a nivel odontológico. Se presenta el caso clínico del paciente NT, portador de esta patología, de alto riesgo con alta actividad de caries, en dentición mixta, a quiense le realizó tratamiento odontológico integral con apoyo del equipo multidisciplinario que trabaja en el Servicio de Hemoterapia del CHPR. (AU) FON

How healthy are clones and their progeny: 5 years of field experience.

There is considerable concern regarding the health of cloned cattle and their safety as a source of food. The objective was to summarize 5 years of commercial experience with cloning in three countries (United States, Argentina and Brazil). Overall, only 9% of transferred embryos resulted in calves; efficiency ranged from 0 to 45% (most were from 1 to 10%, but 24% of cell lines never produced live calves). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate following transfer of one versus two embryos. Before 90 days of gestation, two ultrasound markers for embryo death were found, either crown rump length (CRL) or heart beat less than 7.5mm and 150bpm, respectively, were observed alone or together in 27% of clones that died. In addition, after 100 days of pregnancy, placental edema, hydrops fetalis and increased abdominal circumference size were used as ultrasound findings of a fetus at risk of loss. At 114 days of gestation, abdominal circumference in clones that died was statistically larger than in clones that survived alive to term and from MOET- and IVF-derived pregnancies (P<0.05). Since elective cesarean section (C-section) was partially replaced by natural or assisted parturition, C-section rates decreased from 100% in 2000 to 54% in 2005. On average, 42% of cloned calves died between delivery and 150 days of life; the most common abnormalities were: enlarged umbilical cord (37%), respiratory problems (19%), calves depressed/prolonged recumbency (20%) and contracted flexor tendons (21%). From 11 blood parameters evaluated during the first week of life, lactate decreased twice and glucose doubled its original value from 24h to 7 days. Adult cloned females had normal breeding and calving rates and cloned bulls produced good quality semen and had normal fertility when used for AI or natural mating. In conclusion, cloning had no risks qualitatively different from those encountered in animals involved in modern agricultural practices, although the frequency of the risks appeared to be increased in cattle during the early portions of the life cycle of cattle clones.

Safety conditions for irradiation, transporting, and melting of sintered TeO2 during the industrial production of 131I.

The development of a program to produce 131I by neutron activation of previously sintered TeO2, was started at the Nuclear Center of Mexico 3 y ago. Since then, the problems related to producing high purity, sintered TeO2 for neutron activation, transport of the activated samples and melting of the samples to retrieve the 131I have been satisfactorily solved. The main problems, related to health physics, arise when the process is conducted on a daily basis. Described are the irradiation conditions for sintered TeO2, retrieval of the sample from the pool, and the transport of the radioactive source after a 4-d cooling time. The radiation dose in the room where the hot cell is located increases from 2 microSv h(-1) (0.2 mrem h(-1)) to 4 microSv h(-1) (0.4 mrem h(-1)) during the melting of the radioactive (131+131m)TeO2, and the pumping out and dissolution of gaseous 131I. These measurements are below the maximum permissible levels and the ALARA concept has been assured through each step of the process and no leaks have been found in the system.

Endemic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Indian populations of the Gran Chaco territory of South America: performance of diagnostic assays and epidemiological features.

The relative specificities and sensitivities of several serological assays for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection were estimated in Indian populations of Argentina and Paraguay. The results obtained with the assays, which proved to be most reliable, were used to study the distribution of the parasite in these populations. Serological evidence of T. cruzi infection was demonstrated in 256 (37.7%) of 679 Indians living in relatively small and isolated communities in the Salta province of northern Argentina and in western Paraguay, regions that are part of the tropical territory called Gran Chaco. In contrast, none of the 94 Indians examined in south-western Argentina was positive. Infection in the Gran Chaco Indians increased with age and clustered in families. Marked differences in seroprevalence were observed between the 16 Indian communities examined in Gran Chaco. These differences seem to be associated both with the risk of transmission from the sylvatic reservoirs of the parasite and with the frequency with which vector-spraying campaigns have been implemented.

Estudio comparativo de la eficacia de la bencidamina, mentol y salicilato de metilo vs el clorhidrato de bencidamina para el tratamiento de los traumatismos del sistema musculoesquelético / Benzydamine hidrochloride vs. methyl-salicylate in external trauma

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio clínico fase III, prospectivo, longitudinal y experimental. Se comparó la eficacia y seguridad de dos medicamentos para el tratamiento de los síntomas y signos posteriores al traumatismo musculoesquelético. Dicho estudio se realizó en dos grupos paralelos de 25 deportistas escogidos al azar. Los resultados muestran que el medicamento combinado de bencidamina más mentol y salicilato de metilo, disminuyó significativamente la presencia e intensidad del dolor, calor, rubor y edema en el sitio del traumatismo y recuperación más rápida de la capacidad funcional en la región afectada por el traumatismo. Se observaron también menos efectos adversos con el uso del medicamento combinado en comparación con el medicamento constituido por bencidamina sola. De esta manera se puede concluir que la inclusión de mentol y salicilato de metilo en la crema para el tratamiento tópico de los traumatismos ofrece un tratamiento más eficiente y seguro que la bencidamina sola

High prevalence of hantavirus infection in Indian communities of the Paraguayan and Argentinean Gran Chaco.

Serologic evidence of past infection with a Sin Nombre-like hantavirus(es) was demonstrated in 78 (40.4%) of 193 Indians living in western Paraguay and in 38 (17.1%) of 222 Indians inhabiting the Salta province of northern Argentina. In both populations seroprevalence increased with age, with the most striking increase occurring at 18 years of age in the Paraguayan population and at 35 years of age in the Salta population. The peak prevalences in both populations (66.6% and 44.0%, respectively) were seen in Indians > 53 years old. Although no sex difference was observed in the Paraguayan Indians, in the Salta population seroprevalence was greater in males than in females. Familiar clustering of the infection was observed. The data indicate that the Indian populations of the Gran Chaco are frequently exposed to and survive infection with a Sin Nombre-like virus(es). Possible explanations of this novel epidemiology are discussed.

Ensayo clínico paralelo, comparativo, doble-ciego y randomizado para evaluar la eficacia, seguridad y tolerancia de la combinación espño analgésica de N-butil bromuro de hoscina + ibuprofen vs placebo, en dismenorrea funcional / Clinical parallel test, comparative, double-blind and randomized to evaluate the effectiveness, security and toletance of the analgesic combination spasm of N-butil hisocina bromide + ibuprofen vs placebo, in functional ddysmenorrhea

Uno de los principales problemas a los que se enfrenta la mujer durante su etapa reproductiva durante su ciclo messtraul, es la dismenorrea. La dismenorrea ha sido tratada con estrógenso, progestágenos, neurectomía presacra, psicoterapia y con analgésicos Sin embargo, en ocasiones ninguna de estas terapias ha sido totalmente eficaz para resolver este problema. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la efictividad, tolerancia, seguridad y efectos de la terapia combinada con hioscina + ibuprofen contra placebo, por medio de la Escala Visual Análoga, en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de dismenorrea funcional

Ensayo clínico paralelo, comparativo, doble-ciego y randomizado para evaluar la eficacia, seguridad y tolerancia de la combinación espño analgésica de N-butil bromuro de hoscina + ibuprofen vs placebo, en dismenorrea funcional / Clinical parallel test, comparative, double-blind and randomized to evaluate the effectiveness, security and toletance of the analgesic combination spasm of N-butil hisocina bromide + ibuprofen vs placebo, in functional ddysmenorrhea

Uno de los principales problemas a los que se enfrenta la mujer durante su etapa reproductiva durante su ciclo messtraul, es la dismenorrea. La dismenorrea ha sido tratada con estrógenso, progestágenos, neurectomía presacra, psicoterapia y con analgésicos Sin embargo, en ocasiones ninguna de estas terapias ha sido totalmente eficaz para resolver este problema. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la efictividad, tolerancia, seguridad y efectos de la terapia combinada con hioscina + ibuprofen contra placebo, por medio de la Escala Visual Análoga, en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de dismenorrea funcional(AU)

Endemic infection with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type IIB in Argentinean and Paraguayan Indians: epidemiology and molecular characterization.

Human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-II) type II infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction or serologic analyses (or both) in 22% of 697 Indians of six different ethnic back-grounds inhabiting the Argentinean and Paraguayan Gran Chaco. None was infected with HTLV-I. The prevalence of HTLV-II increased with age (14% in those < 13 years and 23% in those > or = 13 years). HTLV-II infection was found in all 20 Gran Chaco communities studied, but marked differences (44%-4%) in the rate of infection were observed even in communities separated by only a few miles. These variations correlated closely with ethnicity. In the high-incidence communities, infection clustered within families, with evidence for both sexual and perinatal transmission, primarily via breast-feeding. By contrast, only 2% of 94 Mapuche Indians from southern Argentina were positive for HTLV-II. Analyses of pol and long terminal repeat sequences from 15 Gran Chaco HTLV-II strains indicated that they constitute a highly conserved branch of the HTLV-IIB substrain.

[Physicians in Mexico, 1970-1990]. / Los médicos en México, 1970-1990.

A study was carried out in 1970 on the distribution of medical personnel in Mexico. At that time an unequal distribution of physicians was detected, but not emphasized given the general shortage of physicians in the country. At the present time, the situation has changed. In this article the analysis of the 1990 census data using traditional indicators of availability of physicians in the country, as well as indirect criteria of physician requirements is presented. In the year of reference there were 157,407 physicians in the country, with a national average of 673 persons per physician. The distribution of physicians by state showed a great deal of variation in the number of persons per physician. For example, the state of Chiapas has 1,642 inhabitants per physician, whereas the Federal District has 292. The relation between trained and employed physicians shows another important phenomenon: there is a high percentage of physicians that do not practice clinical medicine (19.4%). Nevertheless, the number of physicians almost tripled the growth experienced by the general population, and important differences among and within states do persist. Furthermore, a new paradoxical effect has emerged, the presence of underemployment and unemployment of physicians, even in communities with greater needs for medical care. This indicates that the strategy of training more physicians has not solved the problems of accessibility and coverage, but in fact has fostered new problems and perhaps greater inequalities.

High rate of infection with the human T-cell leukemia retrovirus type II in four Indian populations of Argentina.

Sera from 215 non-drug-injecting Toba and Mataco-Mataguayo pure Indians belonging to four communities in northern Argentina were examined using assays that allow differentiation between reactivities due to type-specific antigens of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV). Three of these populations have very little contact with non-Indian groups and reside in remote, isolated areas. HTLV-II type-specific seroreactivity was present in 24 (13.7%) of the 175 Indians older than 13 years of age and in none of the 40 who were of younger ages. None of the Indians had antibodies reacting with HTLV-I type-specific antigen. Seroreactivity was more prevalent and appeared at younger ages in females than in males. The majority of the HTLV-II-seropositive Indians belonged to the more isolated communities. The seroprevalences among the Tobas and Mataco-Mataguayo Indians were comparable. With the exception of a Toba who was positive in a test for Treponema pallidum, no serological evidence of sexually transmitted infections with this spirochete, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus was found among the Indians tested. None of the 55 non-Indian people tested in the region showed HTLV-II type-specific seroreactivity. PCR analysis of DNA isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of seropositive Indians confirmed that the virus present in these populations is HTLV-II. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified genomic segments showed that the virus belongs to the HTLV-II subtype which has been found to be endemic in other Paleo-American Indians.

[Congenital Chagas disease in the city of Salta, Argentina]. / Enfermedad de Chagas congénita en la ciudad de Salta, Argentina.

The immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi was studied in our hospital in 937 pregnant women(PW) and their 929 newborns(NB), group I; 4 NB from this center not included in the first group, group II and 35 NB derived from other centers, group III. Two positive results among indirect hemagglutination (IHA), complement fixation(CF) and indirect hemagglutination(IHA), complement fixation(CF) and indirect immunofluorescence(IIF) tests were considered as the criterion of previous infection with T. cruzi in PW. The presence of T. cruzi in blood, explored in fresh smears by serial micro-hematocrite and/or by xenodiagnosis, was the only criterion to define infection in NB. All NB were followed up by direct agglutination (DA) with or without 2 mercaptoethanol (DA-w2ME, DA-wo2ME) and IIF in order to establish the specific antibody kinetics. Clinical studies on NB with T. cruzi infection include routine laboratory tests. Benznidazole (3 to 7 mg/kg/day) and, in 1 case, nifurtimox (15 mg/kg/day) were employed as therapeutic agents. T. cruzi infection was confirmed in 149 PW(15.9%), table I. These chagasic mothers delivered 6 chagasic NB (CCHD-NB), (4%). Diagnosis of congenital Chagas' disease accounted for a total of 12 NB out of the 968 studied. 4 out of them were positive by both microhematocrite and blood smears and 7 by microhematocrite alone. Xenodiagnosis was performed in 2 NB resulting positive in both cases, table II. The most usual clinical findings included hepatomegaly (present in all cases), splenomegaly 8/12, jaundice 10/12 and prematurity 5/12, table 3. Laboratory findings showed anemia to be of hypochromic microcytic type in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Polymorphic reticulosis: a type of lymphoma? Report of 3 cases]. / Reticulosis polimorfa: un tipo de linfoma? A propósito de tres casos.

Three patients seen at the Medicine Department of Del Salvador Hospital between 1986 and 1990 are reported. All had a history of purulent or bloody nasal discharge and recurrent sinusitis, before the appearance of progressive and painful destructive phenomena that affected the rhino faucial region. The diagnosis was made with the histopathological study that disclosed and angiocentric polymorphic infiltrates and perivascular necrosis. The three patients received similar treatment consistent in prednisone 1 mg/kg/day per os, cyclophosphamide 2 mg/kg/day per os and local radiotherapy. The response to therapy was bad and survival was less than three months. It is concluded that although this entity is infrequent, its severity requires and aggressive workup and management by a multidisciplinary team. Notwithstanding the mortality remains to be high.

[Spontaneous tendon rupture in disseminated lupus erythematosus. A clinical case]. / Rotura tendinosa espontánea en lupus eritematoso diseminado. Caso clínico.

A 37-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic treatment with steroids developed spontaneous bilateral rupture of tendons of both quadriceps muscles below the patella. Surgical treatment was undertaken with good results. The histologic features and a review of the literature are included.

Acerca de un caso de Chagas congenito e hipertrofia del piloro. / Congenital Chagas' disease and pyloric hypertrophy

Se presenta un recien nacido hijo de madre chagasica, al que se le practican examenes de sangre periferica, observandose los tripomastigotes circulantes. Se realiza el tratamiento correspondiente luego del cual comienza con un sindrome pilorico, motivo por el cual es intervenido quirurgicamente confirmandose la hipertrofia de piloro. Se realizo biopsia de material resecado que fue normal