Prognostic factors of progressive fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a large, retrospective, multicentre, observational cohort study.

Background: Fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease caused by sensitisation to chronic allergen inhalation. This study aimed to determine prognostic indicators of progression and mortality in fHP. Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentre, observational, cross-sectional cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with fHP from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals for predictors of progression and survival. Results: A total of 403 patients were diagnosed with fHP: median (interquartile range) age 66.5 (14.0) years, 51.9% females and 55.1% never-smokers. The cause of fHP was mainly fungal (39.7%) or avian (41.4%). Lung biopsy was performed in 269 cases (66.7%). In the whole cohort the variables that were related to mortality or lung transplant were older age (HR 1.08; p<0.001), percentage predicted forced vital capacity (HR 0.96; p=0.001), lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (HR 0.93; p=0.001), presence of acute exacerbation during follow-up (HR 3.04; p=0.001) and GAP (gender, age and lung physiology) index (HR 1.96; p<0.01). In the group of biopsied patients, the presence of fibroblastic foci at biopsy (HR 8.39; p<0.001) stands out in multivariate Cox regression analyses as a highly significant predictor for increased mortality or lung transplant. GAP index (HR 1.26; p=0.009), lymphocytosis in BAL (HR 0.97; p=0.018) and age (HR 1.03; p=0.018) are also predictors of progression. Conclusions: The study identified several prognostic factors for progression and/or survival in fHP. The presence of fibroblastic foci at biopsy was a consistent predictor for increased mortality and the presence of lymphocytosis in BAL was inversely related to mortality.

Adherence to the 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Hypertension in Safety-Net Clinics.

Importance: The 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of pediatric hypertension (PHTN) categorizes a greater proportion of children with elevated blood pressure and PHTN, yet several barriers to CPG adherence have been noted. Objective: To assess adherence to the 2017 CPG for the diagnosis and management of PHTN and use of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool to calculate blood pressure percentiles. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used electronic health record-extracted data from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, among patients visiting 1 of 74 federally qualified health centers in AllianceChicago, a national Health Center Controlled Network. Children and adolescents (aged 3-17 years; hereinafter referred to as children) who attended at least 1 visit and had at least 1 blood pressure reading at or above the 90th percentile or diagnosis of elevated blood pressure or PHTN were eligible for data to be included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2020, to February 21, 2023. Exposures: Blood pressure at or above the 90th or 95th percentile. Main Outcomes and Measures: Diagnosis of PHTN (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision [ICD-10], code I10) or elevated blood pressure (ICD-10 code R03.0) and CDS tool use; blood pressure management (antihypertensive medication, lifestyle counseling, referral); and follow-up visit attendance. Descriptive statistics described the sample and rates of guideline adherence. Logistic regression analyses identified patient- and clinic-level associations with guideline adherence. Results: The sample consisted of 23 334 children (54.9% boys; 58.6% White race; median age, 8 [IQR, 4-12] years). Guideline-adherent diagnosis was observed in 8810 children (37.8%) with blood pressure at or above the 90th percentile and 146 of 2542 (5.7%) with blood pressure at or above the 95th percentile at 3 or more visits. The CDS tool was used to calculate blood pressure percentiles in 10 524 cases (45.1%) and was associated with significantly greater odds of PHTN diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.10-4.15]). Among 15 422 children with blood pressure at or above the 95th percentile, antihypertensive medication was prescribed to 831 (5.4%), lifestyle counseling was provided to 14 841 (96.2%), and blood pressure-related referrals were given to 848 (5.5%). Guideline-adherent follow-up was observed in 8651 of 19 049 children (45.4%) with blood pressure at or above the 90th percentile and 2598 of 15 164 (17.1%) with blood pressure at or above the 95th percentile. Differences in guideline adherence by patient- and clinic-level factors were observed. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, fewer than 50% of children with elevated blood pressure had a guideline-adherent diagnosis code or attended guideline-adherent follow-up. Using a CDS tool was associated with guideline-adherent diagnosis, but the tool was underused. Further work is needed to understand how to best support implementation of tools promoting PHTN diagnosis, management, and follow-up.

Higher mortality and intubation rate in COVID-19 patients treated with noninvasive ventilation compared with high-flow oxygen or CPAP.

The effectiveness of noninvasive respiratory support in severe COVID-19 patients is still controversial. We aimed to compare the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with high-flow oxygen administered via nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV), initiated outside the intensive care unit (ICU) in 10 university hospitals in Catalonia, Spain. We recruited 367 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years who were treated with HFNC (155, 42.2%), CPAP (133, 36.2%) or NIV (79, 21.5%). The main outcome was intubation or death at 28 days after respiratory support initiation. After adjusting for relevant covariates and taking patients treated with HFNC as reference, treatment with NIV showed a higher risk of intubation or death (hazard ratio 2.01; 95% confidence interval 1.32-3.08), while treatment with CPAP did not show differences (0.97; 0.63-1.50). In the context of the pandemic and outside the intensive care unit setting, noninvasive ventilation for the treatment of moderate to severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 resulted in higher mortality or intubation rate at 28 days than high-flow oxygen or CPAP. This finding may help physicians to choose the best noninvasive respiratory support treatment in these patients.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04668196.

Una actualización: caracterización epidemiológica de tasa de egresos hospitalarios por aborto espontáneo en el periodo 2018-2021, en Chile / An update: epidemiological characterization of hospital discharge rate due to spontaneous abortion during 2018-2021 term, in Chile

Introducción: El aborto espontáneo (AE) es la interrupción natural del embarazo antes de la viabilidad fetal. El objetivo es comparar la tasa de egresos hospitalarios (TEH) por AE entre los años 2018-2021 en Chile. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional y ecológico. Los datos de egresos hospitalarios por AE en Chile entre 2018-2021 (n=18.658) según edad, clasificación y días de estadía hospitalaria se obtuvieron desde el Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud. Se calculó la TEH, y no se requirió comité de ética. Resultados: Del total de egresos por AE, la tasa disminuyó un 16,84% entre 2018-2020. El rango etario de 20-44 años registró la mayor TEH con 131,75/100.000 habitantes. Los AE incompletos sin complicaciones presentaron la mayor cantidad de egresos (10.490). La infección genital y pelviana mostró el mayor promedio de días de estadía hospitalaria entre 2018-2021, con 2,82-3,3 días. Discusión: La TEH por AE disminuyó en los años 2018-2020, posiblemente atribuible a una reducción de los embarazos. La mayor TEH por AE se encuentra entre los 20-44 años, donde la frecuencia de trisomías embrionarias y la fecundidad aumenta. La mayor cantidad de egresos por AE incompleto sin complicaciones podría explicarse por una mayor consulta asistencial. La infección genital y pelviana se asoció a más días de hospitalización debido al tipo de manejo brindado. En conclusión, este estudio, al ser representativo de la realidad nacional, brinda una actualización epidemiológica y caracterización del AE en la población, buscando incentivar futuras investigaciones sobre el impacto del AE en la población chilena.

Introduction: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is the natural termination of pregnancy before fetal viability. The objective is to compare the rate of hospital discharges (RHD) due to SA between the years 2018-2021 in Chile. Material and Methods: Observational, ecological study. The data on hospital discharges due to SA in Chile between 2018-2021 (n=18,658) according to age, classification, and days of hospital stay were obtained from the Department of Statistics and Health Information. RHD was calculated, and no ethics committee was required. Results: Of the total discharges due to SA, the rate decreased by 16.84% between 2018-2020. The age range of 20-44 years registered the highest RHD with 131.75/100,000 populations. Incomplete SA without complications presented the highest number of discharges (10,490). Genital and pelvic infection presented the highest average number of days of hospital stay between 2018-2021 with 2.82-3.3 days. Discussion: The RHD for SA decreased in the years 2018-2020, possibly attributable to a reduction in pregnancies. The highest RHD for SA is found between 20-44 years, where the frequency of embryonic trisomies and fertility increases. The greater number of discharges due to incomplete SA without complications could be explained by greater care consultation. Genital and pelvic infection was associated with more days of hospitalization due to the type of management provided. In conclusion, the present study, being representative of the national reality, provides an epidemiological update and characterization of SA in the population, seeking to encourage future research on the impact of SA in the Chilean population.

Profundulus chimalapensis, una nueva especie de pez ciprinodóntido (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae) del Río Coatzacoalcos, México / Profundulus chimalapensis, a new species of cyprinodontid fish (Cyrpinodontiformes: Profundulidae) from the Coatzacoalcos River, Mexico

Introducción: El género Profundulusse considera endémico de la región Mesoamericana, desde el centro-sur del estado de Guerrero hasta la parte central de Honduras, habita principalmente en las cuencas superiores y cabeceras de los ríos de la vertiente Pacífica, con una menor diversidad en la Atlántica. Objetivo: En este trabajo, basado en la comparación morfológica, proponemos una nueva especie, Profundulus chimalapensis sp. nov., confinada a México. Métodos: Se recolectaron ejemplares en los tributarios de la cuenca superior del Río Coatzacoalcos y se depositaron en colecciones de referencia. Se tomaron datos morfológicos (conteos, mediciones y características esqueléticas) y se compararon con especies relacionadas. Resultados: La nueva especie se diferencia de sus congéneres por tener la siguiente combinación de caracteres: 12-15 radios en la aleta dorsal, 14-17 radios anales y 13-16 pectorales; banda de color oscuro en los costados; aleta anal con un margen distal claro; margen anterior y posterior del proceso alveolar del premaxilar cóncavo; procesos epióticos cortos y anchos; base de la aleta anal grande, su longitud igual o mayor a la del pedúnculo caudal. Conclusión: La descripción de esta nueva especie de Profundulus de la vertiente atlántica del Istmo de Tehuantepec, sugiere que esta área ha sido un centro de especiación para el género.

Introduction: The genus Profundulus is considered a Mesoamerican endemic fish which spreading occurs, from the center-south of the state of Guerrero, Mexico, to the central part of Honduras. They mainly inhabit the upper basins and headwaters of the rivers of the Pacific slope, with less diversity in the Atlantic. Objective: This paper, based on morphological comparison we propose a new species, Profundulus chimalapensis sp. nov., confined to Mexico. Methods: Specimens were collected in the tributaries of the upper basin of the Coatzacoalcos River and were deposited in scientific collections. Morphological data (counts, measurements and skeletal features) were taken and compared with related species. Results: The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: 12-15 dorsal-fin rays, 14-17 anal- and 13-16 pectoral-fin rays; dark colored stripe on the flanks; anal fin with a clear distal margin; anterior and posterior margin of the alveolar process of the premaxilla concave; pair of short and wide epiotic processes; and large anal fin base, equal to or greater than length of caudal peduncle. Conclusion: The description of this new Profundulus species from Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec suggests that this area has been a center of speciation for the genus.

Definición de infarto tipo 4a: ¿podemos definir mejor su diagnóstico y sistematizar la práctica clínica? / Definition of myocardial infarction type 4a: can we define its diagnosis and systematize clinical practice?

No disponible

Tratamiento antitrombótico tras implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica: grandes lagunas para una cuestión de extrema importancia / Antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous aortic valve implantation: large gaps for a matter of extreme importance

No disponible

Stent Choice in Very Large Left Main Lesions in 3 Patients.

Interventionalists encounter widely different coronary anatomies during left main coronary artery stenting. Optimal percutaneous coronary intervention in left main disease necessitates stents that achieve adequate apposition and adapt to frequently disparate diameters in the same lesion, without the need for overexpansion. Until recently, stent designs have hampered the treatment of very large lesions in left main arteries. Postdilation of the stents beyond their recommended diameters can cause restenosis, thrombosis, or arterial dissection. We report successful angiographic outcomes after our deployment of different stents in 3 patients, present our rationale for choosing each stent, and discuss considerations that influence the percutaneous treatment of severe left main disease.