Tumores de los nervios periféricos: estudio retrospectivo de 66 casos / Peripheral nerve tumours: A 66-case retrospective study

ANTECEDENTES/OBJETIVOS: Los tumores de los nervios periféricos son lesiones poco frecuentes que se categorizan en general dentro de los tumores de partes blandas, por lo que suelen ser manejados por diferentes disciplinas quirúrgicas, como cirugía plástica, cirugía ortopédica y traumatológica, dermatología, cirugía general y neurocirugía. Un conocimiento apropiado en cuanto a la indicación terapéutica y el manejo quirúrgico es fundamental de cara a evitar un déficit neurológico en el paciente. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio restrospectivo donde se presenta la experiencia conjunta de 2 equipos quirúrgicos especializados en la cirugía de los nervios periféricos, 66 lesiones tumorales, en un total de 64 pacientes. RESULTADOS: La localización más frecuente fue el miembro inferior y el miembro superior con 48 lesiones tumorales. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico más frecuente fue el de schwannoma, con un 51,5%. La resección tumoral completa se logró en el 81,8% de las lesiones y siempre con estimulación o monitorización neurofisiológica. La complicación posquirúrgica más frecuente fue el dolor neuropático o un trastorno sensitivo transitorio en el 15% de las cirugías, apareciendo solo un déficit motor persistente en 2 casos que requirieron reconstrucción con injerto nervioso. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien el manejo terapéutico de los tumores benignos como los schwannomas puede considerarse relativamente sencillo aplicando los conceptos básicos en microcirugía de los nervios periféricos, los tumores malignos, si bien son muy infrecuentes, requieren de un manejo multidisciplinar. La opción de la biopsia prequirúrgica a día de hoy sigue siendo un tema controvertido y sin acuerdo entre los diferentes autores; en nuestra opinión, no es necesaria su realización de forma percutánea en la mayoría de los casos

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Peripheral nerve tumours (PNT) are rare lesions that are generally categorised as soft tissue tumours, so they are usually managed by a range of surgical disciplines such as plastic, orthopaedic and trauma surgery, dermatology, general surgery and neurosurgery. Appropriate knowledge of the therapeutic indication and surgical management are essential in order to avoid neurological deficit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 66 tumour lesions in 64 patients, acquired from the joint experience of 2 surgical teams specialised in peripheral nerve surgery. RESULTS: The most common location was the lower limb and upper limb with 48 tumour lesions. The most common pathological diagnosis was Schwannoma, accounting for 51.5%. Complete tumour resection was achieved in 81.8% of the lesions and always with neurophysiological stimulation and/or monitoring. The most common postsurgical complication was neuropathic pain and/or a transient sensory disorder in 15% of surgeries, with only one persistent motor deficit appearing in 2cases that required nerve graft reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Although the therapeutic management of benign tumours such as Schwannomas can be considered to be relatively simple thanks to the application of the basic concepts of peripheral nerve microsurgery, malignant tumors, despite being very rare, require multidisciplinary management. The option of pre-surgical biopsy remains a controversial issue and no consensus has been reached among the different authors. In our opinion, percutaneous biopsy is not necessary in most cases

Impact of Early Reoperation on the Prognosis of Patients Operated on for Glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma depends particularly on the degree of tumor resection. Patients with tumor remnants in postsurgical magnetic resonance imaging (<72 hours) may benefit from early reoperation. We present our results concerning the impact on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of reoperation in patients who have already undergone surgery for glioblastoma. METHODS: This study included all patients who had undergone surgery for glioblastoma with control magnetic resonance imaging, who received adjuvant therapy as per the Stupp protocol, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. We recorded the number of complete resections, partial resections, and early reoperations. We determined the impact on OS and PFS of the early reoperations and the functional status. We considered complete resection when the volume of the residual tumor was 0 cm3. RESULTS: A total of 112 patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma between March 2014 and March 2017. The study included 58 patients who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Complete resection was achieved in 24 patients (41.4%) and partial resection in 34 (58.6%). Of these 34 patients, 11 (32.35%) underwent early reoperation. The final result was complete resection in 58.62% of the patients. In the patients who underwent reoperation, OS and PFS were 30.3 months and 16.6 months compared with 12.7 months and 6.75 months in those without reoperation (P = 0.013 and P = 0.012). The functional prognosis was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early reoperation in patients with residual tumor improved OS and PFS without increasing the number of complications compared with the patients who did not undergo reoperation.

Peripheral nerve tumours: A 66-case retrospective study. / Tumores de los nervios periféricos: estudio retrospectivo de 66 casos.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Peripheral nerve tumours (PNT) are rare lesions that are generally categorised as soft tissue tumours, so they are usually managed by a range of surgical disciplines such as plastic, orthopaedic and trauma surgery, dermatology, general surgery and neurosurgery. Appropriate knowledge of the therapeutic indication and surgical management are essential in order to avoid neurological deficit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 66 tumour lesions in 64 patients, acquired from the joint experience of 2surgical teams specialised in peripheral nerve surgery. RESULTS: The most common location was the lower limb and upper limb with 48 tumour lesions. The most common pathological diagnosis was Schwannoma, accounting for 51.5%. Complete tumour resection was achieved in 81.8% of the lesions and always with neurophysiological stimulation and/or monitoring. The most common postsurgical complication was neuropathic pain and/or a transient sensory disorder in 15% of surgeries, with only one persistent motor deficit appearing in 2cases that required nerve graft reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Although the therapeutic management of benign tumours such as Schwannomas can be considered to be relatively simple thanks to the application of the basic concepts of peripheral nerve microsurgery, malignant tumors, despite being very rare, require multidisciplinary management. The option of pre-surgical biopsy remains a controversial issue and no consensus has been reached among the different authors. In our opinion, percutaneous biopsy is not necessary in most cases.

Aplicabilidad del sistema da Vinci en el abordaje transoral a la base del cráneo. Investigación preclínica / Applicability of the da Vinci robotic system in the skull base surgical approach. Preclinical investigation

Introducción: El papel de la cirugía robótica está claramente establecido en diversas especialidades como Urología o Cirugía General, pero no así en otras como Neurocirugía u Otorrinolaringología, y en el caso concreto de la Cirugía de base de cráneo, apenas ha pasado de una fase experimental. Objetivo: Investigar las posibilidades de la aplicación del robot quirúrgico da Vinci en cirugía transoral de base de cráneo comparándola con la experiencia de los autores en cirugía endoscópica transnasal convencional de la misma región. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un abordaje transoral transpalatino a la rinofaringe y la base del cráneo medial en 4 cabezas de cadáver criopreservadas. Se empleó el robot da Vinci, con endoscopio de 30° y 12mm de grosor, con doble cámara e iluminación doble, pinza de Maryland en el terminal izquierdo y tijera curva en el derecho, ambos de 8mm de grosor. El fresado óseo se realizó manualmente. Para el estudio anatómico de la región a abordar se emplearon cortes axiales de 0,5cm de grosor de una cabeza de cadáver plastinada. Resultados: Con los terminales del robot se alcanzaron con relativa facilidad diversas estructuras de la base del cráneo a distintos niveles de profundidad. Conclusiones: La cirugía robótica transoral con el sistema da Vinci aporta posibles ventajas sobre la cirugía endoscópica transnasal convencional en el abordaje quirúrgico de esta región

Introduction: The role of robotic surgery is well established in various specialties such as urology and general surgery, but not in others such as neurosurgery and otolaryngology. In the case of surgery of the skull base, it has just emerged from an experimental phase. Objective: To investigate possible applications of the da Vinci surgical robot in transoral skull base surgery, comparing it with the authors’ experience using conventional endoscopic transnasal surgery in the same region. Methods: A transoral transpalatal approach to the nasopharynx and medial skull base was performed on 4 cryopreserved cadaver heads. We used the da Vinci robot, a 30° standard endoscope 12mm thick, dual camera and dual illumination, Maryland forceps on the left terminal and curved scissors on the right, both 8mm thick. Bone drilling was performed manually. For the anatomical study of this region, we used 0.5cm axial slices from a plastinated cadaver head. Results: Various skull base structures at different depths were reached with relative ease with the robot terminals Conclusions: Transoral robotic surgery with the da Vinci system provides potential advantages over conventional endoscopic transnasal surgery in the surgical approach to this region

[Applicability of the da Vinci robotic system in the skull base surgical approach. Preclinical investigation]. / Aplicabilidad del sistema da Vinci en el abordaje transoral a la base del cráneo. Investigación preclínica.

INTRODUCTION: The role of robotic surgery is well established in various specialties such as urology and general surgery, but not in others such as neurosurgery and otolaryngology. In the case of surgery of the skull base, it has just emerged from an experimental phase. OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible applications of the da Vinci surgical robot in transoral skull base surgery, comparing it with the authors' experience using conventional endoscopic transnasal surgery in the same region. METHODS: A transoral transpalatal approach to the nasopharynx and medial skull base was performed on 4 cryopreserved cadaver heads. We used the da Vinci robot, a 30° standard endoscope 12mm thick, dual camera and dual illumination, Maryland forceps on the left terminal and curved scissors on the right, both 8mm thick. Bone drilling was performed manually. For the anatomical study of this region, we used 0.5cm axial slices from a plastinated cadaver head. RESULTS: Various skull base structures at different depths were reached with relative ease with the robot terminals CONCLUSIONS: Transoral robotic surgery with the da Vinci system provides potential advantages over conventional endoscopic transnasal surgery in the surgical approach to this region.