Traducción y validación de la versión en español de la escala EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) para el despistaje de la disfagia / Translation and validation of the Spanish version of the EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) for the screening of dysphagia

Introducción: El Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) es un instrumento analógico verbal, unidimensional y autoadministrado, para el despistaje de la disfagia. Objetivos: Traducir y adaptar al español la escala EAT-10, y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas, fiabilidad y validez. Métodos: Tras la traducción, traducción inversa y aprobación por los investigadores de la versión española de la escala (EAT-10 ES), se realizó un estudio prospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico de disfagia (DD), pacientes no diagnosticados con riesgo de disfagia (RD) y pacientes sin riesgo de disfagia (SRD), procedentes de tres escenarios clínicos: una unidad de soporte nutricional hospitalaria (USN), una residencia geriátrica (RG) y un centro de atención primaria (CAP), que respondieron a la EAT-10 ES durante una única visita. Pacientes e investigadores respondieron a un cuestionario de comprensión del instrumento. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 65 pacientes (75±9,1 años de edad; 52,3% mujeres). El tiempo medio de administración fue de 3,8 ± 1,7 minutos. El 95,4% de los pacientes consideró comprensibles todos los ítems de la escala y el 72,3% consideró fácil la asignación de puntuaciones. El coeficiente de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach fue 0,87. La correlación entre las puntuaciones de cada ítem y el total de la escala fue elevada (p < 0,001). Las puntuaciones EAT-10 ES medias fueron 15 ± 8,9 (D), 6,7 ± 7,7 (RD) y 2 ± 3,1 (SRD), y significativamente más altas en pacientes varones, pacientes con diagnostico previo de disfagia y procedentes de la USN (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La escala EAT-10 ES ha probado su fiabilidad, validez y consistencia interna. Es un instrumento fácil de comprender y rápido de completar, por lo que se considera útil para el despistaje de la disfagia en la práctica clínica (AU)

Rationale: The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) is a self-administered, analogical, direct-scoring screening tool for dysphagia. Objective: To translate and adapt the EAT-10 into Spanish, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: After the translation and back-translation process of the EAT-10 ES, a prospective study was performed in adult patients with preserved cognitive and functional abilities. Patients in 3 clinical situations, diagnosed with dysphagia (DD), patients at risk of dysphagia (RD), and patients not at risk of dysphagia (SRD) were recruited from 3 settings: a hospital Nutritional Support Unit (USN), a nursing home (RG) and primary care centre (CAP). Patients completed the EAT-10 ES during a single visit. Both patients and researchers completed a specific questionnaire regarding EAT-10 ES' comprehension. Results: 65 patients were included (age 75 ± 9.1 y), 52.3% women. Mean time of administration was 3.8 ± 1.7 minutes. 95.4% of patients considered that all tool items were comprehensible and 72.3% found it easy to assign scores. EAT-10 ES' internal consistency, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.87. A high correlation was observed between all tool items and global scores (p < 0.001). Mean score for patients in group DD was 15 ± 8.9 points, 6.7 ± 7.7 points in group RD, and 2 ± 3.1 points in group SRD. Male patients, previously diagnosed of dysphagia or patients from the NSU showed significantly higher scores on the EAT-10 ES (p < 0.001). Conclusion: EAT-10 ES has proven to be reliable, valid and to have internal consistency. Is it an easy-to-understand tool that can be completed quickly, making it useful for the screening of dysphagia in routine clinical practice (AU)

Malnutrición extrema en una lactante de origen etíope con síndrome de Down / Extreme malnutrition in an infant of Ethiopian origin with Down’s syndrome

La observación de una lactante de origen etíope con síndrome de Down y malnutrición grave permite reflexionar sobre las condiciones sociales y sanitarias de Etiopía y las causas que han posibilitado que se llegue a esa situación extrema (AU)

Observation of an Ethiopian infant with Down’s syndrome with severe malnutrition, and reflection on the effect that the social and health conditions in Ethiopia had on the causes leading to this extreme situation (AU)

[Translation and validation of the Spanish version of the EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) for the screening of dysphagia]. / Traducción y validación de la versión en español de la escala EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) para el despistaje de la disfagia.

RATIONALE: The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) is a self-administered, analogical, direct-scoring screening tool for dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the EAT-10 into Spanish, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: After the translation and back-translation process of the EAT-10 ES, a prospective study was performed in adult patients with preserved cognitive and functional abilities. Patients in 3 clinical situations, diagnosed with dysphagia (DD), patients at risk of dysphagia (RD), and patients not at risk of dysphagia (SRD) were recruited from 3 settings: a hospital Nutritional Support Unit (USN), a nursing home (RG) and primary care centre (CAP). Patients completed the EAT-10 ES during a single visit. Both patients and researchers completed a specific questionnaire regarding EAT-10 ES' comprehension. RESULTS: 65 patients were included (age 75 ± 9.1 y), 52.3% women. Mean time of administration was 3.8 ± 1.7 minutes. 95.4% of patients considered that all tool items were comprehensible and 72.3% found it easy to assign scores. EAT-10 ES' internal consistency, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.87. A high correlation was observed between all tool items and global scores (p < 0.001). Mean score for patients in group DD was 15 ± 8.9 points, 6.7 ± 7.7 points in group RD, and 2 ± 3.1 points in group SRD. Male patients, previously diagnosed of dysphagia or patients from the NSU showed significantly higher scores on the EAT-10 ES (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: EAT-10 ES has proven to be reliable, valid and to have internal consistency. Is it an easy-to-understand tool that can be completed quickly, making it useful for the screening of dysphagia in routine clinical practice.

[Concordance between body self-perception and BMI estimated in a population of volunteers recruited on the IV National Day of Obese People]. / Concordancia entre la autopercepción corporal y el IMC calculado en una población voluntaria captada el IV Día Nacional de la Persona Obesa.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the concordance between corporal self-perception and BMI calculated in a population of volunteers. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: to know the percentage of overweight, normoweight and obese individuals in this population. SUBJECTS: The study includes 160 volunteers recruited at the Gómez Ulla and Severo Ochoa Hospitals in Madrid during the 4th edition of the "Obesity Day". ACTIONS: A total of 160 interviews were carried out, comprising a first group of 10 questions about how obesity is understood, how they classify themselves by self-perception (obese, overweight or normoweight individuals), the incidence of obesity in the family, living habits and the number of previous failed attempts to lose weight. In the case of a positive response to the last question, the survey is extended to 19 questions, analyzing the reasons, prescriptors, methods used, and weight loss results obtained. RESULTS: The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of the interviewees was 26.2 +/- 4.97 kg/m2, with 27.45 +/- 5.4 kg/m2 for males and 25.76 +/- 4.7 kg/m2 for women. Overweight men represented 32.5%, with 27.3% overweight women, while obese men accounted for 25.6% and obese women amounted to 20.6%. The differences were not significant between sexes, normoweight, overweight and obesity groups. The concordance between self-perception and BMI using the kappa index was 0,464 for the total sample, 0.229 for males and 0.527 for women, and according to the valuation scale proposed by Landis and Koch, it would correspond to a moderate degree of agreement for the population in general, medium for men and moderate for women. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity affect a high percentage of the Spanish population (almost 50%). Women show greater concern about being overweight, are more likely to participate in prevention campaigns, and present a corporal perception more in line with their true weight. Preventive campaigns should be implemented to reach the male population better, taking into account that this population presents a greater cardiovascular risk. It is important to place the problem of obesity in the right terms, without any "obesophobia" leading to disorders of the eating behaviour, while indicating the importance of the risk attributable to obesity and excess weight.

Concordancia entre la autopercepción corporal y el IMC calculado en una población voluntaria captada el IV Día Nacional de la Persona Obesa / Concordance between corporal selfperception and BMI calculated in a population of volunteers recruited on the iv national day for obese people

Objetivos: Valorar la concordancia entre la autopercepción corporal y el IMC calculado en una población voluntaria. Como objetivos secundarios: conocer el porcentaje de sobrepeso, normopeso y obesidad en dicha población.Sujetos: El estudio abarca 160 sujetos voluntarios captados en los hospitales de Gómez Ulla y Severo Ochoa de Madrid durante la 4ª edición de la "Jornada de la persona obesa".Intervenciones: Se realizaron 160 encuestas que constaban de un primer grupo de 10 preguntas acerca de: la forma de entender la obesidad, cómo se clasifican ellos según su autopercepción (obesos, sobrepesos o normopesos), la incidencia de obesidad familiar, los hábitos de vida y el número de intentos previos de pérdida de peso. En el caso de una respuesta positiva a esta última pregunta la encuesta se amplía a 19 preguntas, teniendo en cuenta los motivos, fuentes de prescripción, métodos empleados y resultados obtenidos en la pérdida de peso. Resultados: El índice de masa corporal medio de los encuestados fue de 26,2 ñ 4,97 kg/m2, siendo de 27,45 ñ 5,4 kg/m2 para los varones y 25,76 ñ 4,7 kg/m2 para las mujeres. Hubo un 32,5 por ciento de varones y un 27,3 por ciento de mujeres con sobrepesos, así como un 25,6 por ciento de varones y un 20,6 por ciento de mujeres con obesidad. Las diferencias no fueron significativas entre sexos para normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad.La concordancia entre autopercepción e IMC mediante el índice kappa fue de: 0,464 para el total de la muestra, 0,229 para varones y 0,527 para mujeres que según la escala de valoración propuesta por Landis y Koch correspondería a un grado de acuerdo moderado para la población en general, mediano para varones y moderado para mujeres.Conclusiones: El sobrepeso y la obesidad afecta a un elevado porcentaje de nuestra población (casi el 50 por ciento). Las mujeres presentan mayor preocupación por la obesidad, son más participativas en las campañas de prevención y representan una percepción corporal más concordante con su peso. Deben realizarse campañas de prevención que logren llegar mejor a la población de sexo masculino, presentando además esta población un riesgo cardiovascular mayor. Es importante situar el problema de la obesidad en su justa medida, sin "obesofobia" que induzca a trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, pero valorando el riesgo atribuible al sobrepeso y obesidad (AU)

Objectives: To assess the concordance between corporal self-perception and BMI calculated in a population of volunteers. Secondary objectives: to know the percentage of overweight, normoweight and obese individuals in this population. Subjects: The study includes 160 volunteers recruited at the Gómez Ulla and Severo Ochoa Hospitals in Madrid during the 4th edition of the “Obesity Day”. Actions: A total of 160 interviews were carried out, comprising a first group of 10 questions about how obesity is understood, how they classify themselves by self perception (obese, overweight or normoweight individuals), the incidence of obesity in the family, living habits and the number of previous failed attempts to lose weight. In the case of a positive response to the last question, the survey is extended to 19 questions, analyzing the reasons, prescriptors, methods used, and weight loss results obtained. Results: The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of the interviewees was 26,2 ± 4,97 kg/m2, with 27,45 ± 5,4 kg/m2 for males and 25,76 ± 4,7 kg/m2 for women. Overweight men represented 32,5%, with 27,3% overweight women, while obese men accounted for 25,6% and obese women amounted to 20,6%. The differences were not significant between sexes, normoweight, overweight and obesity groups. The concordance between self-perception and BMI using the kappa index was 0,464 for the total sample, 0,229 for males and 0,527 for women, and according to the valuation scale proposed by Landis and Koch, it would correspond to a moderate degree of agreement for the population in general, medium for men and moderate for women. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity affect a high percentage of the Spanish population (almost 50%). Women show greater concern about being overweight, are more likely to participate in prevention campaigns, and present a corporal perception more in line with their true weight. Preventive campaigns should be implemented to reach the male population better, taking into account that this population presents a greater cardiovascular risk. It is important to place the problem of obesity in the right terms, without any “obesophobia” leading to disorders of the eating behaviour, while indicating the importance of the risk attributable to obesity and excess weight (AU)