Intensive practical lifestyle intervention improves endothelial function in metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss: a randomized controlled trial.

The objective was to evaluate the metabolic and vascular effects of lifestyle interventions involving a healthy diet and either a moderate- or a high-intensity exercise regimen in nondiabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome. The effects of these interventions on flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and risk profiles were compared with a standard low-fat diet and engaging in daily walking (standard of care). Seventy-five healthy adults with metabolic syndrome (30-55 years old) were randomized to a 10,000-steps-a-day exercise program, a 3-times-a-week fitness (>75% peak VO(2)) program, or a 1-hour-walking-a-day program for 12 weeks. The first 2 interventions were combined with an accessible healthy, no-sugar diet; and the third was combined with a tailored low-fat diet. The outcomes, including FMD and risk factors, were examined at 12 weeks and at 1-year reassessment. Significant increase in FMD (mean difference = 1.51%, 95% confidence interval = 1.05%-3.017%, P = .0007) and decrease in arterial pressure (mean difference = 19.3 ± 2.3/-12.6 ± 1.8 mm Hg, P = .0001) were observed in all groups. However, the FMD changed most favorably in the high-intensity, low-sugar group (mean difference = 1.56%, 95% confidence interval = 0.1%-3.02%, P = .036). Significant improvements in body mass index, waist, insulin-like growth factor-1, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin, glucose, urinary albumin excretion, and lipid profiles occurred in all groups. Metabolic syndrome was resolved in 64%. One year later, weight loss (-9.1 ± 2.3 kg, P = .0001) and arterial pressure decrease (-18.5 ± 2.3/-12.3 ± 2.1 mm Hg, P = .0001) were maintained. Practical, health-centered diet combined with high-intensity exercise is associated with enhanced vascular protection. These data suggest that more intense exercise combined with a low-sugar diet modulates endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

Análise do perfil de solicitações para transfusão de hemocomponentes no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre no ano de 2005 / Blood-based products request profile analysis in Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre in 2005

O uso de hemocomponentes em hospitais de alta complexidade é elevado, sendo necessário controle e racionalização de sua utilização, dada sua escassez e alto custo. Para tal, muitos hospitais desenvolveram protocolos para uso de hemocomponentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as características epidemiológicas das solicitações de hemoderivados e sua adequação em conformidade ao protocolo vigente no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Por meio de estudo retrospectivo transversal, foram avaliadas a freqüência de transfusões e suas indicações no ano de 2005 em três áreas (Internação Clínica, Cirúrgica e Centro de Terapia Intensiva). Analisaram-se as justificativas de cada solicitação em conformidade com o protocolo vigente. Foram identificadas 12.175 solicitações de hemoderivados no ano de 2005. O hemocomponente mais solicitado foi o concentrado de hemácias (6.578 solicitações), seguido do concentrado de plaquetas (4.133), plasma fresco (1.296) e do crioprecipitado (168). As perdas representaram 2,96 por cento dos eventos. As três áreas foram responsáveis por 59,77 por cento das solicitações de hemocomponentes. A internação clínica apresentou 85,57 por cento de solicitações em conformidade com o protocolo, seguida da CTI com 81,4 por cento e da cirurgia com 71,42 por cento. A maioria das solicitações de hemocomponentes esteve de acordo com o protocolo da instituição no ano de 2005. A internação clínica teve o perfil mais adequado de solicitações no ano de 2005, seguida do CTI e, por fim, da internação cirúrgica.

The use of blood-based products in a tertiary hospital is elevated so control and rational use is necessary. Many hospitals have protocols for the use of blood components. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of blood-based product requests and their adjustment to the protocol of Hospital de Clínicas in Porto Alegre. Using a cross-sectional retrospective study, we analyzed the frequencies and indications of transfusion requests in 2005 in three different sectors (Clinical, Surgical and Intensive Care Unit). Each transfusion request was analyzed according to the current protocol. A total of 12,175 transfusion requests were analyzed. Requests for blood (6,578) were the commonest, followed by platelets (4,133), fresh frozen plasma (1296) and cryoprecipitate (168). Lost data represented 2.96 percent of the total events. The three sectors were responsible for 59.77 percent of blood-based product requests. The Clinical Sector requested 85.57 percent of its transfusions satisfactorily, followed by the ICU (81.4 percent) and finally the Surgical Sector (71.42 percent). The majority of transfusion requests in HCPA in 2005 were adequate according to the protocol. The Clinical Sector had the best request profile, followed by the ICU and the Surgical Sectort.