Unusual Presence of Synchronous Primary Ovarian and Thyroid Extranodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Without Lymph Node Involvement.

ABSTRACT: Extranodal lymphomas without lymph node involvement are rarely observed and create diagnostic challenges. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who was admitted with abdominal swelling. Ultrasonography findings suggested bilateral ovarian masses. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed intense uptake on the bilateral pelvic mass and thyroid gland. Following excisional surgery and thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This case is exceptionally rare, as it presents 2 synchronous extranodal involvements in the ovaries and the thyroid gland independently while not presenting any lymph node activity, which has not been reported before.

Comparison of the 68 Ga-FAPI Versus 18 F-FDG in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Anthracosis-Associated Lymph Nodes: FAPI Unmasking False-Negatives and False-Positives.

ABSTRACT: A 73-year-old woman with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma was referred to 18 F-FDG PET/CT for evaluation of the disease. FDG PET/CT showed intense uptake in the disseminated lymph nodes. However, there was no uptake in the primary tumoral lesion. Subsequently, 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was performed with the decision of the tumor board and demonstrated intense uptake in the tumoral lesion. However, there was low or no uptake in disseminated lymph nodes. Tru-cut biopsy results revealed that all the lymph nodes were associated with anthracosis.

An assessment of the effects of adenoid hypertrophy on mucociliary clearance and nasal cytology in children.

AIM/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the benefits of the systematic use of nasal cytology and mucociliary clearance in the diagnostic workup of nasal disorders in children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) to reach a well-defined diagnosis, establish a rational therapeutic approach, avert from complications, and develop the patient's life quality. MATERIALS/METHODS: In this prospective study, a total of 61 pediatric patients (aged 5-12 years) were evaluated. The case group consisted of 31 children with AH symptoms, while the control group comprised 30 children without AH symptoms.Exclusions included previous adenoidectomy/adenotonsillectomy, cardiovascular/neurological diseases, acute/allergic rhinitis, genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome), and immunodeficiency. The control group consisted of children without nasal obstruction symptoms and without AH, who admitted for various reasons. Medical history, examinations, fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, cephalometric evaluations, AST, and nasal cytology were conducted. RESULTS: At the end of the study, a significant increase in the mucociliary clearance time was observed in the group with AH compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although AH may disrupt MCC, there is no correlation between the size of the hypertrophy and MCC time.When the distribution of cells in the nasal cytology is evaluated, no difference was detected between the AH group and control groups. CONCLUSION: Nasal mucociliary clearance has been found to be decreased, particularly in the presence of significant AH.

The conversion of RAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer patients after first-line biological agent treatment.

AIM: The aim was to investigate the RAS discordance between initial and recurrent metastasectomy specimens in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) plus biological agents in a first-line setting. METHODS: Patients who had been treated with CT plus bevacizumab or cetuximab or panitumumab followed by R0 resection for potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases were scanned. Among these, patients who developed resectable new metastases after a disease-free interval longer than 6 months were included in the study. We compared the RAS mutation status between the first biopsy and the second metastasectomy specimen. RESULTS: A total of 82 mCRC patients treated with CT plus biological agents in a first-line setting were included in the study. The first biopsy assessment showed wild-type RAS tumours in 39 (47.6%) patients and mutant RAS tumours in 43 (52.4%) patients. The mean time for new operable liver metastasis after R0 resection was 15.5 months. In the second metastasectomy specimens, the numbers of wild-type and mutant RAS tumours were 30 (36.6%) and 52 (63.4%), respectively. The comparison with the first biopsy specimens showed RAS status conversions in 17 (20.7%) patients. Univariate comparison between patients with and without RAS status conversion revealed that grade, pathological T stage, wild-type RAS tumour and longer biological agent use time in the first-line treatment were significant factors for RAS conversion. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that re-biopsy is needed for an optimal second-line treatment decision in mCRC patients regardless of backbone biological agent, especially in patients with wild-type RAS mCRC.

The Clinical Importance of Androgen Receptor Status in Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Turkish Patients with Local and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether androgen receptor (AR) status affects neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in stage II and III Turkish breast cancer patients. METHODS: The histological response for breast and axilla was assessed according to the Miller-Payne grading system. In light microscopy, nuclear staining in tumor cells was evaluated, and nuclear staining above 1% was accepted as positive for AR expression. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the intensity of AR staining: low, moderate, and high. RESULTS: In total, 71 women with breast cancer were included in the study. In univariate analysis, age, menopause status, tumor diameter, stage, histological grade, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) status were tested to determine which of these factors were associated with >90% responsiveness. AR negativity was found to be the only statistically significant factor. In multivariate analysis, AR positivity at each intensity was found to be the single important factor affecting decreasing pathologic response in patients receiving NACT for breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Our results show that AR positivity is associated with poor response to NACT in Turkish breast cancer patients and that AR positivity is independent of stage, hormone receptor status, HER-2 status, and disease stage.