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1.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 113(2): 21, 2024 Aug 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096383

RESUMEN

Imazethapyr is the most common herbicide used for weed management in pulses. A field trial was carried out with imazethapyr 10% SL formulation at 100 and 150 g a.i./ha application rates, as pre-and post-emergence, to study dissipation of imazethapyr in soil, persistence in urdbean plant, terminal residues in urdbean grains and effect on soil microbes. An acetate buffered- quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was validated for imazethapyr residue analysis. The half-life of imazethapyr in soil ranged from 15.12 to 18.02 days. The residues of imazethapyr persist up to 60 days in soil and up to 7-15 days in urdbean plant. Residues were not detected in grains at the time of harvest. Persistence of imazethapyr residues in soil significantly impact soil microbial populations depending on herbicide application rates and timing.


Asunto(s)
Herbicidas , Ácidos Nicotínicos , Residuos de Plaguicidas , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo , Suelo , Vigna , Herbicidas/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Vigna/química , Ácidos Nicotínicos/análisis , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Suelo/química , Cinética , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Semivida
2.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm ; 198: 114272, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38537909

RESUMEN

Three-dimensional liver bioprinting is an emerging technology in the field of regenerative medicine that aids in the creation of functional tissue constructs that can be used as transplantable organ substitutes. During transplantation, the bioprinted donor liver must be protected from the oxidative stress environment created by various factors during the transplantation procedure, as well as from drug-induced damage from medications taken as part of the post-surgery medication regimen following the procedure. In this study, Silymarin, a flavonoid with the hepatoprotective properties were introduced into the GelMA bioink formulation to protect the bioprinted liver against hepatotoxicity. The concentration of silymarin to be added in GelMA was optimised, bioink properties were evaluated, and HepG2 cells were used to bioprint liver tissue. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatotoxicity in bioprinted liver, and the effect of this chemical on the metabolic activities of HepG2 cells was studied. The results showed that Silymarin helps with albumin synthesis and shields liver tissue from the damaging effects of CCl4. According to gene expression analysis, CCl4 treatment increased TNF-α and the antioxidant enzyme SOD expression in HepG2 cells while the presence of silymarin protected the bioprinted construct from CCl4-induced damage. Thus, the outcomes demonstrate that the addition of silymarin in GelMA formulation protects liver function in toxic environments.


Asunto(s)
Acrilamidas , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Trasplante de Hígado , Silimarina , Humanos , Silimarina/metabolismo , Silimarina/farmacología , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Gelatina , Extractos Vegetales/química , Donadores Vivos , Hígado , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo
3.
J Cancer Res Ther ; 2024 Jan 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38261422

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the patient dose and image quality through quality assurance (QA) of diagnostic x-ray equipment and to ensure compliance with international and national standards in x-ray specification parameters, the use of contactless and quick non-invasive instruments has gained importance. Considering the importance of equipment qualification and the intervention level for equipment management, it is vital to account for uncertainties in the measurement of parameters in diagnostic radiology. However, the limits and measurement uncertainties associated with the parameter measurement are not well established and many technical and scientific literature provide different tolerance values, either as absolute or in terms of percentage. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this paper, the authors analyze non-invasive multi-parameter detector measurements with the aim to (i) improve the accuracy in measurement of x-ray parameters (kilovoltage, dose, and exposure time); (ii) estimate the uncertainty associated with such measurements; (iii) analyze the tolerance values prescribed by various professional and regulatory bodies and propose an improvised method of reporting the parameters. The approach adopted in this paper takes into account the uncertainties associated with traditional instruments and the subjectivity in the measurements. RESULTS: Estimated uncertainty for kV measurements in the range between 1.45 kV at 40 kV measurements and 4.88 kV at 150 kV measurements. The MU associated with the dose measurement is estimated to be 6.2% at 110 kVp, 100 mA, and 500 msec. Maximum MU estimated at 10 msec exposure time is 4.5% and with MU of 5% deviation added to 9.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The current practice of reporting the measured mean values deviation without considering the inherent measurement uncertainty may not be a correct quantification procedure in QA. This is evident from the case study that 3% addition to the measured kV, 6.2% addition in the measured dose, and 4.5% to the measured time accounts for measurement uncertainty.

4.
Discov Nano ; 18(1): 157, 2023 Dec 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38112849

RESUMEN

The nanosystems for delivering drugs which have evolved with time, are being designed for greater drug efficiency and lesser side-effects, and are also complemented by the advancement of numerous innovative materials. In comparison to the organic nanoparticles, the inorganic nanoparticles are stable, have a wide range of physicochemical, mechanical, magnetic, and optical characteristics, and also have the capability to get modified using some ligands to enrich their attraction towards the molecules at the target site, which makes them appealing for bio-imaging and drug delivery applications. One of the strong benefits of using the inorganic nanoparticles-drug conjugate is the possibility of delivering the drugs to the affected cells locally, thus reducing the side-effects like cytotoxicity, and facilitating a higher efficacy of the therapeutic drug. This review features the direct and indirect effects of such inorganic nanoparticles like gold, silver, graphene-based, hydroxyapatite, iron oxide, ZnO, and CeO2 nanoparticles in developing effective drug carrier systems. This article has remarked the peculiarities of these nanoparticle-based systems in pulmonary, ocular, wound healing, and antibacterial drug deliveries as well as in delivering drugs across Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) and acting as agents for cancer theranostics. Additionally, the article sheds light on the plausible modifications that can be carried out on the inorganic nanoparticles, from a researcher's perspective, which could open a new pathway.

5.
Des Monomers Polym ; 25(1): 1-11, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35110968

RESUMEN

Pluronic block copolymers have phase behavioural characteristics which are extensively studied for drug delivery applications. In this study, we explored hydrophilic pluronic F108 (HLB = 27), hydrophobic pluronic L81 (HLB = 2) and their mixed micelles acting as solubilising mediums for model drug aceclofenac. The drug solubilisation and interactions have been analysed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Rheology studies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, Dynamic light scattering, Cloud point and partition coefficient measurements. The investigation from UV-spectrophotometry demonstrated that mixed pluronic entrapped greater number of aceclofenac molecules than both the neat pluronics at same concentration. Excimer formation was evidenced from fluorescence spectra with pyrene as a probe. The rheological studies showed difference in viscosity over low shear range. Studies on FTIR demonstrated probable bonding between the aceclofenac and mixed pluronic molecules. The DLS studies on mixed pluronic showed swelling of micellar diameter from 317.6 nm to 413.5 nm. Thermodynamic parameters of the above system revealed higher partition coefficient value for mixed pluronic and spontaneity in drug solubilisation. This study can be exploited to use a hydrophobic copolymeric micelle in mixed pluronic formulation for better drug solubilisation.

6.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 196(1-2): 95-103, 2021 Nov 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34514505

RESUMEN

Occupational exposure data in radiation applications provide a good insight on the radiation risks to workers from occupational hazards, the safe practices adopted and in deriving methods to prevent possible radiation exposures. The analysis of occupational exposure may be used to provide regulatory guidance and more focused attention to improve the safety systems, thus improving the personnel and environment safety. In this study, occupational exposure from radiation applications during 2004-18 amounting to a total number of 1951 486 occupational dose data are collected and analysed using the statistical software package, SPSS. As recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, four critical parameters viz., annual collective effective dose, average annual effective dose, individual dose distribution ratio and the annual collective dose distribution ratio for each practice are estimated. Using the trend observed for these parameters, it is predicted that occupational exposure in diagnostic radiology in the year 2023 would increase by 80% in total number of monitored with 76% increase in average collective dose and no significant change in average annual effective dose. In the same manner, nuclear medicine would see 28% of increase in radiation workers with the increase of 24% in collective dose with no significant change in average annual effective dose. Further, the reasons and area of regulatory focus for the different practices are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Medicina Nuclear , Exposición Profesional , Exposición a la Radiación , Monitoreo de Radiación , Humanos , India , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Dosis de Radiación
7.
J Biomater Sci Polym Ed ; 32(17): 2210-2226, 2021 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34319846

RESUMEN

In this work, we prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-loaded poly(2,5-dimethoxyaniline;PDMA) nanocomposite via a simple chemical oxidative method to develop new effective biocidal and anticancer agents systems. In situ UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to monitor the formation of PDMA/Ag is strongly dependent on the concentration of PDMA in the present system. The FTIR and XRD studies exhibit that the rate of polymer formation and oxidation state of PDMA/Ag nanocomposite, which confirmed the AgNPs is strongly binding with the PDMA matrix. SEM and EDAX analysis revealed the presence of uniform size and the highest percentage of AgNPs (42.1%) in the PDMA/Ag nanocomposite. TEM and size distribution analysis revealed the presence of spherical AgNPs with an average diameter of 25 nm in the PDMA/Ag nanocomposite. In addition, the PDMA polymer with embedded AgNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, the prepared PDMA/Ag nanocomposite exhibited enhanced bactericidal performance compared with the PDMA polymer, presumably because of the antibacterial properties of the AgNPs substrate. The anticancer effects of combined treatment with PDMA polymer and AgNPs were evaluated using a series of cellular and biochemical assays. The findings from this study revealed that the PDMA/Ag nanocomposite treatment significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation of the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The PDMA/Ag nanocomposite exhibits better antibacterial and anticancer activities compare to pristine PDMA.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanocompuestos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Polímeros , Plata
8.
J Appl Microbiol ; 131(5): 2448-2465, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33891792

RESUMEN

AIMS: This study aimed at determining the distribution, colonization and growth promoting nature of Methylobacterium spp. in tissue culture banana plantlets. METHODS AND RESULTS: Leaf samples from different field grown banana cultivars were used for Methylobacterium spp., isolation. Metabolic profile and functional characterization for plant growth-promoting traits of the isolates were assessed. The isolates were confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, which resulted in six distinct species of Methylobacterium namely M. radiotolerans, M. salsuginis, M. thiocyanatum, M. rhodesianum, M. rhodinum and M. populi. Methylobacterium spp. inoculation experiment was conducted under hydroponic system in tissue culture banana plantlets (germ free) with eight selected isolates. A significant increase in growth parameters of Methylobacterium treated plantlets compared to uninoculated control was observed. Methylobacterium salsuginis TNMB03-gfp29 was developed and colonization micrograph was obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy in different parts of banana plantlets (root, stem and leaves). CONCLUSION: Field grown banana plants found to harbour diverse endophytic Methylobacterium population. Our finding suggests that endophytic Methylobacterium species may provide significant plant growth promoting compounds/nutrients to the banana plants. The experimental results demonstrated the efficacy of Methylobacterium spp. as a potential bioinoculant and can be exploited as a phyllosphere and rhizosphere based bioinoculant for the initial establishment and growth of tissue culture banana plantlets. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study extended our knowledge on the distribution of Methylobacterium spp. in banana plants and endophytic colonization nature of this particular genus in plants. In addition, efficient isolate (M. salsuginis TNMB03) identified in this study may be promoted as bio-inoculants for banana plants after field evaluation.


Asunto(s)
Methylobacterium , Musa , Methylobacteriaceae , Methylobacterium/genética , Hojas de la Planta , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética
9.
Saudi J Biol Sci ; 28(2): 1239-1245, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33613053

RESUMEN

Loranthaceae family includes hemiparasitic members which are seen invading a wide range of commercial crops. Helicanthes elasticus (Desv.) Danser is very common on mango trees. Though parasitic in nature, this mistletoe is also medicinally important as fetoprotective, against vesicular calculi and kidney infections. This study is an attempt to document macro-microscopical features of parasitic root, fruit and host-mistletoe tissue interaction in the haustorium of H. elasticus growing on mango stems. Collection, preservation, sectioning, staining and photomicrography of the root, fruit and host-mistletoe union were done as per standard methodologies of anatomical studies. Though there is resemblance to the normal roots in morphology as well as anatomy, the microscopic finding of large number of branched stone cells in the roots is interesting. The morpho-anatomical features recorded would help in understanding the infection biology of this mistletoe. The eradication during the earlier stages of its establishment from seed or from the root creeping over the surface of the host can help in controlling this parasite infection on commercially important host plants.

10.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 176: 140-149, 2019 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30611937

RESUMEN

This paper reports the interaction between Pluronic F127, P123 and their mixed micelles with methylparaben and propylparaben. The UV studies revealed that, the spectral behavior of mixed micelle of F127 and P123 with parabens lay between their individual micellar behaviors. The cloud point studies have shown similar results. It was observed that the intensity of fluorescence spectra, compared with the single micelle-drug combinations was much higher with the mixed micelle-methylparaben combinations and lower with the mixed micelle-propylparaben combinations. The number of binding sites was calculated. Static nature of quenching was observed. The dissociation constant KD for methylparaben - mixed pluronic and propylparaben - mixed pluronic combinations were 21.18 × 10-3 L mol-1 and 32.57 × 10-3 L mol-1 respectively. This suggests that there was stronger binding between methylparaben and mixed micelle compared to propylparaben and mixed micelle. Dynamic light scattering studies indicated that the addition of NaCl to the mixed micelle and parabens facilitated the micellar aggregation and better encapsulation efficiency for the drug. Scanning electron microscope images showed the incorporation of methylparaben and propylparaben molecules into the surface cavities of mixed micelle, pointing towards the change in morphology. This is probably the first report on interaction study of parabens with mixed micelles.


Asunto(s)
Parabenos/química , Poloxaleno/química , Poloxámero/química , Micelas
11.
3 Biotech ; 8(6): 275, 2018 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29868313

RESUMEN

This study aimed at documenting the culturable methylotrophic bacterial diversity across different groundnut genotypes and evaluating their effect on the growth of groundnut. 80 methylotrophic bacterial isolates were obtained from the phyllosphere of 15 groundnut genotypes collected from Tamil Nadu, India. The bacterial isolates were identified through sequencing of the 16S rDNA and were tested for their plant growth-promoting properties. Groundnut seeds were inoculated with methylotrophic bacteria and their effect on growth was evaluated via in vitro and pot experiments. Molecular identification revealed that the isolates belonged to 30 different species. A higher diversity of methylotrophic bacteria at genus and species level was found in groundnut genotype TMV2. Shannon diversity index was the highest in genotype TMV7, followed by VRI2 and TMV2. Similarly, geographical location also influenced the diversity of methylotrophic bacteria. In vitro seed germination assay revealed that methylotrophic isolates enhanced root growth and improved formation of root hair. The radicle length of treated seeds ranged from 2.7 to 8.4 cm. A higher shoot length was observed in the plants from seeds treated with Methylobacterium radiotolerans VRI8-A4 (27.3 cm), followed by Pseudomonas psychrotolerans TMV13-A1 (26.3 cm) and Bacillus aryabhattai K-CO3-3 (23 cm). The findings of this study strongly suggest that beneficial methylotrophic bacteria associated with the phyllosphere of groundnut play a major role in regulating plant growth.

12.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl ; 98(7): 456-60, 2016 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27580308

RESUMEN

Introduction Symptomatic hepatic-artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) after bile-duct injury (BDI) is a rare complication with a varied (but clinically urgent) presentation. Methods A prospectively maintained database of all patients with BDI at laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) referred to a tertiary specialist hepatobiliary centre between 1992 and 2011 was searched systematically to identify patients with a symptomatic HAP. Care and outcome of these patients was studied. Results Eight (6 men) of 236 patients with BDI (3.4%) with a median age of 65 (range: 54?6) years presented with symptomatic HAP. Median time of presentation of the HAP from the index LC was 31 (range: 13?16) days. Bleeding was the dominant presentation in 7 patients. One patient presented late (>2 years) with abdominal pain alone. Computed tomography angiography was the most useful investigation. Angioembolisation was successful in 7 patients. One patient died, and another patient developed liver infarction. Three patients (38%) developed biliary strictures after embolisation. Seven patients are alive and well at a median follow-up of 66 months. Conclusions Presentation of HAP is often delayed. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis. Computed tomography angiography is the first-line investigation and selective angioembolisation can yield successful outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Falso/cirugía , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/efectos adversos , Arteria Hepática , Anciano , Aneurisma Falso/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Falso/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Falso/etiología , Angiografía , Conductos Biliares/lesiones , Femenino , Arteria Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Hepática/lesiones , Arteria Hepática/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento
13.
Indian J Dent Res ; 25(4): 475-9, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25307912

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus mutans is one of the most important cariogenic species of the human oral microbial flora. Biofilm style of microbial growth thought to resist the actions of antimicrobials. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala, and 0.2% chlorhexidine against S. mutans biofilm formed on tooth substrate. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Randomized control trial. METHODS: Extracted human mandibular premolars sectioned below the cemento-enamel junction were placed in the tissue culture wells exposing the crown surface to S. mutans to form a biofilm. At the end of 3 rd and 7 th day, all groups were treated for 10 min with the test solutions and control and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: One-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Qualitative assay with 3 days biofilm showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth with Triphala, but 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline showed the presence of bacterial growth. In quantitative analysis, 0.2% chlorhexidine and Saline treated tooth samples have shown 1052 Χ 10(4) ± 15.1 Χ 10(4) CFU/ml, 141.3 Χ 10(9) ± 2.1Χ10(9) CFU/ml, respectively. Qualitative assay with 7 days biofilm on crown portion showed dense growth when treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline, whereas Triphala has shown minimal growth. In Quantitative analysis, Triphala showed statistically significant result when compared with 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline. CONCLUSION: Triphala showed statistically significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans biofilm formed on tooth substrate. The incorporation of Triphala in mouth rinse could prove to be effective in reducing S. mutans count in the oral cavity.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Biopelículas , Clorhexidina/uso terapéutico , Medicina Ayurvédica , Extractos Vegetales/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Diente/microbiología , Clorhexidina/administración & dosificación , Técnicas In Vitro
15.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek ; 103(3): 475-84, 2013 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23111783

RESUMEN

A novel plant-associated obligate methylotrophic bacterium, designated strain Ca-68(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of field-grown red pepper from India. The isolates are strictly aerobic, Gram negative, motile rods multiplying by binary fission and formaldehyde is assimilated via the ribulose monophosphate pathway. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a clade with the species Methylobacillus flagellatus, Methylobacillus glycogens and Methylobacillus pratensis, with which it showed pairwise similarity of 97.8, 97.4 and 96.2 %, respectively. The major fatty acids are C(16:0), C(10:0) 3OH and C(16:1) ω7c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 59.7 mol%. The major ubiquinone is Q-8. Dominant phospholipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness (14-19 %) with type strains of the genus Methylobacillus, the novel isolate was classified as a new species of this genus and named Methylobacillus rhizosphaerae Ca-68(T) (=KCTC 22383(T) = NCIMB 14472(T)).


Asunto(s)
Capsicum/microbiología , Methylobacillus/clasificación , Methylobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Rizosfera , Microbiología del Suelo , Aerobiosis , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , India , Locomoción , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Methylobacillus/genética , Methylobacillus/fisiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/análisis , Filogenia , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/análisis
16.
Biotechnol Lett ; 33(12): 2391-6, 2011 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21866443

RESUMEN

Glucose, maltose, and mannose as sole carbon sources, induced synthesis of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in three strains of Pantoea with specific activities from 0.14 to 0.6 U/mg proteins. Utilization of lactose indicated that the enzyme belongs to GDH type B isozyme. Of mutant clones, developed through radiation mutagenesis, P2-M2 utilized ribose with GDH specific activity of 0.57 U/mg protein, P4-M3 grown on glucose gave 1.5 U/mg protein and P4-M5 had high activities, when grown on galactose, maltose, and lactose. Clones P3-M2 and P2-M5 had versatile utilization of sugars and released higher amounts of P from tri-calcium phosphate and can be efficiently used for biofertilization.


Asunto(s)
Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/fisiología , Mejoramiento Genético/métodos , Glucosa 1-Deshidrogenasa/química , Glucosa 1-Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Pantoea/enzimología , Pantoea/efectos de la radiación , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/efectos de la radiación , Carbono/metabolismo , Rayos gamma , Glucosa/metabolismo , Maltosa/metabolismo , Manosa/metabolismo , Mutación/efectos de la radiación , Pantoea/clasificación , Dosis de Radiación , Solubilidad , Especificidad de la Especie , Especificidad por Sustrato/efectos de la radiación
17.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 18(4): 649-54, 2011 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21063797

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Textile dyeing and sago industries are the most polluting industries in South India, especially in industrial cities like Salem, Tamil Nadu, where textile dyeing and sago industries are clumped together geographically. Conventional physicochemical treatment followed by biological processes for the effluent generated from these industries are ineffective, costlier and produce huge quantities of hazardous sludge and harmful by-products which requires further treatment and safe disposal. Hence, the development of an alternative treatment method will become important. The main objective of this investigation is to establish a sustainable biotreatment technology for the treatment of textile dyeing effluent using sago effluent as co-substrate in a two-phase upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. METHODS: In this study, influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a two-phase UASB reactor treating textile dyeing effluent using sago effluent as co-substrate was investigated with different HRTs (36, 30, 24 and 18 h) with an optimum mixing ratio of 70:30 (sago to textile dye wastewaters). RESULTS: The results revealed that the HRT had a high influence on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 39.4% and 88.5% and colour removal efficiency of 43.7% and 84.4% in the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors, respectively was achieved at 24 h of HRT. The biogas production was 312 L/day. CONCLUSION: The biphasic UASB reactor could be a very feasible alternative, cost-effective, eco-friendly and sustainable treatment system for textile dyeing effluent with sago effluent as a co-substrate.


Asunto(s)
Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Colorantes/metabolismo , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Industria Textil , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Anaerobiosis , Biodegradación Ambiental , Colorantes/análisis , Cycas/microbiología , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Propiedades de Superficie , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/instrumentación , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
18.
Bioresour Technol ; 102(2): 627-32, 2011 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20800478

RESUMEN

An anaerobic digestion technique was applied to textile dye wastewater aiming at the colour and COD removal. Pet bottles of 5 L capacity were used as reactor which contains methanogenic sludge of half a liter capacity which was used for the treatment of combined synthetic textile dye and starch wastewater at different mixing ratios of 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 with initial COD concentrations as 3520, 3440, 3360, 3264 and 3144 mg L(-1), respectively. The reactor was maintained at room temperature (30±3°C) with initial pH of 7. The maximum COD and colour removal were 81.0% and 87.3% at an optimum mixing ratio of 30:70 of textile dye and starch wastewaters. Both Monod's and Haldane's models were adopted in this study. The kinetic constants of cell growth under Haldane's model were satisfactory when compared to Monod's model. The kinetic constants obtained by Haldane's model were found to be in the range of µmax=0.037-0.146 h(-1), Ks=651.04-1372.88 mg L(-1) and Ki=5681.81-18727.59 mg L(-1).


Asunto(s)
Bacterias/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Colorantes/aislamiento & purificación , Textiles , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/instrumentación , Purificación del Agua/instrumentación , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Anaerobiosis , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biocombustibles , Análisis de la Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno , Biomasa , Color , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética
19.
J Endod ; 36(1): 83-6, 2010 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20003940

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala, green tea polyphenols (GTP), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate. METHODS: Extracted human teeth were biomechanically prepared, vertically sectioned, placed in the tissue culture wells exposing the root canal surface to E. faecalis to form a biofilm. At the end of the 3rd and 6th weeks all groups were treated for 10 minutes with the test solutions and control and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: Qualitative assay with 3-week biofilm showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth with Triphala, MTAD and NaOCl, except GTP and saline, which showed presence of bacterial growth. In quantitative analysis, GTP- and saline-treated tooth samples have shown 1516 +/- 17.2 CFU/mL, 156.4 x 10(9) +/- 3.1 x 10(9) CFU/mL respectively. Qualitative assay with 6-week biofilm showed growth when treated with Triphala, GTP and MTAD whereas NaOCl has shown complete inhibition. All groups except NaOCl showed eight log reduction when compared to control when analyzed quantitatively. CONCLUSIONS: 5% sodium hypochlorite showed maximum antibacterial activity against E. Faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate. Triphala, green tea polyphenols and MTAD showed statistically significant antibacterial activity. The use of herbal alternatives as a root canal irrigant might prove to be advantageous considering the several undesirable characteristics of NaOCl.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Té/química , Antiinfecciosos Locales/química , Ácido Cítrico/farmacología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Pruebas Antimicrobianas de Difusión por Disco , Doxiciclina/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/fisiología , Humanos , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Polifenoles , Polisorbatos/farmacología , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/química , Hipoclorito de Sodio/farmacología
20.
Indian J Pharmacol ; 42(5): 280-2, 2010 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21206618

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the α-amylase inhibitory activity of different extracts of Phyllanthus amarus against porcine pancreatic amylase in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plant extracts were prepared sequentially with ethanol, chloroform, and hexane. Each extract was evaporated using rotary evaporator, under reduced pressure. Different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL) of each extract were made by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subjected to α-amylase inhibitory assay using starch azure as a substrate. The absorbance was read at 595 nm using spectrophotometer. Using this method, the percentage of α-amylase inhibitory activity and IC(50)values of each extract was calculated. RESULTS: The chloroform extract failed to inhibit α-amylase activity. However, the ethanol and hexane extracts of P. amarus exhibited appreciable α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 values 36.05 ± 4.01 µg/mL and 48.92 ± 3.43 µg/mL, respectively, when compared with acarbose (IC(50)value 83.33 ± 0.34 µg/mL). CONCLUSION: This study supports the ayurvedic concept that ethanol and hexane extracts of P. amarus exhibit considerable α-amylase inhibitory activities. Further, this study supports its usage in ethnomedicines for management of diabetes.

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