Short version of the "instrument for assessment of stress in nursing students" in the Brazilian reality.

GOAL: validate a short version of the Instrument for assessment of stress in nursing students in the Brazilian reality. METHOD: Methodological study conducted with 1047 nursing students from five Brazilian institutions, who answered the 30 items initially distributed in eight domains. Data were analyzed in the R Statistical Package and in the latent variable analysis, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation. RESULTS: The short version of the instrument had 19 items distributed into four domains: Environment, Professional Training, Theoretical Activities and Performance of Practical Activities. The confirmatory analysis showed absolute and parsimony fit to the proposed model with satisfactory residual levels. Alpha values ​​per factor ranged from 0.736 (Environment) to 0.842 (Performance of Practical Activities). CONCLUSION: The short version of the instrument has construct validity and reliability for application to Brazilian nursing undergraduates at any stage of the course.

Short version of the "instrument for assessment of stress in nursing students" in the Brazilian reality / Versão reduzida do "instrumento de avaliação de estresse em estudantes de enfermagem" na realidade brasileira / Versión reducida del "instrumento de evaluación de estrés en estudiantes de enfermería" en la realidad brasilera

ABSTRACT Goal: validate a short version of the Instrument for assessment of stress in nursing students in the Brazilian reality. Method: Methodological study conducted with 1047 nursing students from five Brazilian institutions, who answered the 30 items initially distributed in eight domains. Data were analyzed in the R Statistical Package and in the latent variable analysis, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation. Results: The short version of the instrument had 19 items distributed into four domains: Environment, Professional Training, Theoretical Activities and Performance of Practical Activities. The confirmatory analysis showed absolute and parsimony fit to the proposed model with satisfactory residual levels. Alpha values ​​per factor ranged from 0.736 (Environment) to 0.842 (Performance of Practical Activities). Conclusion: The short version of the instrument has construct validity and reliability for application to Brazilian nursing undergraduates at any stage of the course.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar uma versão reduzida do Instrumento de avaliação de estresse em estudantes de enfermagem, na realidade brasileira. Método: Estudo metodológico realizado com 1047 universitários de enfermagem de cinco instituições brasileiras, que responderam aos 30 itens do instrumento distribuídos inicialmente em oito domínios. Analisou-se os dados no Pacote estatístico R e no latent variable analysis empregando-se análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória, alfa de Cronbach e correlação item-total. Resultados: A versão reduzida do instrumento apresentou 19 itens distribuídos em quatro domínios: Ambiente, Formação profissional, Atividades Teóricas e Realização de Atividades Práticas. A análise confirmatória demonstrou ajuste absoluto e de parcimônia ao modelo proposto, com níveis de resíduos satisfatórios. Os valores de Alfa por fator variaram de 0,736 (Ambiente) a 0,842 (Realização de Atividades Práticas). Conclusão: A versão reduzida do instrumento apresenta validade de constructo e confiabilidade para aplicação em universitários de enfermagem brasileiros que estão presentes em qualquer fase do curso.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar una versión reducida del Instrumento de evaluación de estrés en estudiantes de enfermería, en la realidad brasilera. Método: Estudio metodológico realizado con 1047 universitarios de enfermería de cinco instituciones brasileras, que respondieron a los 30 ítems del instrumento distribuidos inicialmente en oito dominios. Se analizaron los datos en el Paquete estadístico R y en el latent variable analysis empleándose análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, alfa de Cronbach y correlación ítem-total. Resultados: La versión reducida del instrumento presentó 19 ítems distribuidos en cuatro dominios: Ambiente, Formación profesional, Actividades Teóricas y Realización de Actividades Prácticas. El análisis confirmatorio demostró ajuste absoluto y de parsimonia al modelo propuesto, con niveles de residuos satisfactorios. Los valores de Alfa por factor variaron de 0,736 (Ambiente) a 0,842 (Realización de Actividades Prácticas). Conclusión: La versión reducida del instrumento presenta validad de constructo y confiabilidad para aplicación en universitarios de enfermería brasileros que están presentes en cualquier fase del curso.

Hardy personality and burnout syndrome among nursing students in three Brazilian universities-an analytic study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing students may exhibit the characteristics of resistance to stress, such as hardiness, which can reduce the risk of burnout. However, we found only one published study about these phenomena among nursing students. Thus, we investigated the association between hardiness and burnout in such students. METHODS: An analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted among 570 nursing students from three Brazilian universities. Data were collected relating to sociodemographic characteristics, hardiness, and burnout, which we analyzed using inferential statistics. RESULTS: We observed that 64.04% of nursing students in the sample had a high level of emotional exhaustion, 35.79% had a high level of cynicism, and 87.72% had a low level of professional efficacy: these are dimensions of burnout. We also found that 48.77% had a high level of control, 61.40% a high level of commitment, and 35.44% a high level of challenge: these are dimensions of hardiness. Only 24.74% of the students experienced burnout, and 21.93% met the criteria for a hardy personality. There was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of hardiness and burnout (p = 0.033), with 68.00% of hardy students not exhibiting burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Although nursing students live with educational stressors, burnout was not preponderant in our sample students; this may be linked to hardiness. Thus, given its benefits to student life and health, we recommend the development of strategies to promote hardiness among nursing students.

Adaptação Cultural da Hardiness Scale (HS) / Cross-cultural Adaptation of Hardiness Scale (HS)

Hardiness é um conceito que está cada vez mais sendo usado com a finalidade de explicar as possíveis diferenças individuais no enfrentamento do stress. Os instrumentos de medida de hardiness são em língua inglesa, dos quais optou-se pela adaptação cultural da Hardiness Scale, original dos Estados Unidos da América, de autoria de Bartone, Ursano, Wright e Ingraham (1989). Sua finalidade é avaliar o quanto de atitudes Hardy as pessoas têm no enfrentamento de situações estressantes. É uma escala do tipo Likert, com escores que variam de 0 (nada verdadeiro) a 3 (totalmente verdadeiro), possui 30 itens que são distribuídos em três domínios (Compromisso, Controle e Desafio). Os objetivos deste estudo foram realizar a adaptação cultural da Hardiness Scale para a língua portuguesa do Brasil; avaliar a validade de construto e a confiabilidade da versão adaptada. As etapas propostas por Ferrer et al (1996) foram obedecidas, a saber: 1. Tradução para língua portuguesa (Consenso: Versão I em Português); 2. Avaliação pelo Comitê de Revisão (Versão II em Português); 3. Retradução (Back translation); 4. Avaliação semântica dos itens (Versão III em Português); 5. Pré-teste (Versão Final Português) e 6. Análise das propriedades da medida adaptada. A coleta de dados da aplicação do instrumento foi realizada junto aos enfermeiros do serviço público de saúde de dois municípios do interior do estado de São Paulo, totalizando 71 participantes. A confiabilidade interna medida com o uso deAlpha de Cronbach obteve os seguintes valores: para a composição da escala foi de 0,732, enquanto que os domínios apresentaram alfa de 0,683 para Compromisso, 0,632 para Controle e 0,441 para Desafio. Na análise da Escala de Hardiness adaptada quanto à validade de construto obteve-se relação positiva e significante com o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus, e negativa e significante ) com o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Pode-se concluir que a Escala de Hardiness apresenta-se adaptada para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, com consistência interna satisfatória e validade de construto na população estudada e seus achados corroboram com a literatura corrente.

Hardiness is a concept that is increasingly being used in order to explain possible individual differences in the coping of stress. The instruments for measuring hardiness are in English language and of witch opted for the cultural adaptation of the Hardiness Scale, original United States of America, by Bartone, Ursano, Wright and Ingraham (1989). Its purpose is to assess how much Hardy attitudes the people have in coping with stressful situations. It is a Likert-type scale, with scores ranging from 0 (not true) to 3 (completely true), it contains 30 items that are distributed in three domains (Commitment, Control and Challenge). The objectives of this study were to perform cultural adaptation of the Hardiness Scale into Portuguese of Brazil, to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the adapted version. The steps proposed by Ferrer et al. (1996) were followed, namely: 1. Translation to Portuguese language (Consensus: Version I in Portuguese), 2. Evaluation by the Committee of Review (Version II in Portuguese), 3. Back translation, 4. Semantics evaluation of the items (Version III in Portuguese), 5. Pre-test (Final Version Portuguese) and 6. Analysis of the properties of the adapted measure. The data from the application of the instrument was conducted with nurses from the public health service in two cities country side of São Paulo State, totalizing 71 participants. The internal reliability measured by use of Cronbach\'s Alpha achieved the followingvalues: for the composition of the scale was .732, while the areas showed Commitment to .683, .632 for Control and 0.441 to Challenge. In the analysis of the adapted Hardiness Scale concerning the validity of construct obtained significant and positive relation with the Inventory of Coping Strategies of Folkman and Lazarus, and negative and significant with the Beck Depression Inventory. It can be concluded that the Hardiness Scale, it is adapted to the Portuguese language of Brazil, with satisfactory internal consistency and construct validity in the studied population and its findings corroborate with current literature.