RESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the present study was to highlight the relationship between the level of oral hygiene and the context in which the patient receives dental treatment, demonstrating that home service is essential and effective to decrease the incidence of periodontal diseases. METHODS: The study was initially conducted on a heterogeneous sample of patients including 48 individuals with psycho-motor deficits. The study included 28 males (58.3%) and 20 females (41.7%) aged between 18 and 50 years, coming from two different sites ("Fa.Di.Vi e oltre" and "Dentistry Unit, Istituto G. Gaslini" in Genoa). The patients were evaluated during the period 2008-2009. After this first pilot study, a clinical trial was conducted within the educational center "Il Granello", with the participation of 20 patients with disabilities. RESULTS: This study demonstrates that home assistance is essential and effective to decrease the incidence of those periodontal diseases induced by bacterial dental plaque accumulation, and associated with aggravating factors like the repeated use of drugs, such as benzodiazepines, phenylhydantoin, and cyclosporin A, that cause gingival hypertrophia. CONCLUSION: This study was proposed to demonstrate that the availability of a dental service within institutions could improve not only the dental-periodontal conditions of the participants, but also decrease the admission of these subjects to hospitals, contributing to the reduction of public expenditure by the Health Care System.
Asunto(s)
Personas con Discapacidad , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Enfermedades Periodontales/prevención & control , Autocuidado , Adolescente , Adulto , Centros de Día , Índice de Placa Dental , Femenino , Hemorragia Gingival/epidemiología , Hemorragia Gingival/prevención & control , Hipertrofia Gingival/inducido químicamente , Hipertrofia Gingival/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Boca/microbiología , Higiene Bucal/educación , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Índice Periodontal , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The authors examined four patients with Williams syndrome presenting characteristic odontostomatological alterations. Agenesis, dental deposits, chewing difficulties due to bone malformations and poor cooperation of patients with malformations also in other districts and mental and physical retardation require the dentist to adopt different approaches, from restorative to orthodontic treatment, from periodontal to professional oral hygiene treatment.
