RESUMEN
The effects of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the precipitation behavior of CaCO3 and on the anti-scale performance of 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) in CaCO3 growth solution were studied by means of solution analysis, gravimetric methods, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results illustrate that Al2O3 nanoparticles had little effect on the concentration of calcium ions in the test solution without PBTCA, but significantly changed the form and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals, which were transformed from calcite to aragonite. As a commonly used and effective scale inhibitor, PBTCA showed good Ca2+ retention ability in the test solution, distorting the calcite crystal lattice and promoting the formation of vaterite. When Al2O3 nanoparticles co-existed with PBTCA in the test solution, calcium carbonate was more likely to precipitate, and the Ca2+ retention ability of PBTCA reduced. A newly designed gravimetric method was used to evaluate the scale inhibition performance of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the heat exchange surface. When the concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles reached 1 g/L, the surface scale inhibition efficiency of Al2O3 nanoparticles exceeded 80%.
RESUMEN
Nanofluids have great application prospects in industrial heat exchange systems because they can significantly improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency. However, the presence of nanoparticles in the fluid might also affect the formation and attachment of inorganic scales, such as calcium carbonate, on the heat exchange surface. The effects of carbon nanoparticles on the crystallization of calcium carbonate in aqueous solution were studied by the scale inhibition test, solution analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that carbon nanoparticles had an excellent surface scale inhibition performance for calcium carbonate, which could effectively prevent the adhesion of scale on the heat exchange surface. The carbon nanoparticles did not affect the solubility of calcium carbonate in water, but changed the crystal form of the precipitated calcium carbonate, making it difficult to adsorb on the heat exchange surface and achieving a surface scale inhibition effect. Carbon nanofluids effectively inhibit the adhesion of calcium carbonate to heat exchange surfaces.
RESUMEN
The surface states of brass in simulated cooling water (SCW) containing or free of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and TiO2 nanofluid were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrum analysis (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The concentrations of Cu and Zn ions in the solution after brass immersion were analyzed using a plasma emission spectrometer. The relationship between the surface states and corrosion resistance of brass was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the brass surface was mainly covered with zinc compound Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 as corrosion product in SCW. In SCW containing SDBS, a large amount of SDBS was adsorbed on the brass surface. In TiO2 nanofluid, the brass surface was relatively bare and mainly contained cuprous oxide. There was no obvious adhesion of SDBS aggregates and no accumulation of zinc compound on brass surface in TiO2 nanofluid. TiO2 nanoparticles inhibit the adsorption of SDBS on brass surface. Solution analysis results showed that the concentrations of Cu and Zn ions in TiO2 nanofluid was obviously higher than that in SCW and SCW containing SDBS, indicating that most of corrosion products of brass dissolved into the nanofluid. The EIS results illustrated the brass electrode had a larger reaction resistance in SCW containing SDBS, indicating the good protective performance of the adsorbed SDBS film on brass surface. The reaction resistance of the brass electrode was the smallest in TiO2 nanofluid, which illustrated that TiO2 nanoparticles in solution promoted the corrosion of brass.
RESUMEN
The influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on corrosion inhibition of benzotriazole (BTA) in brass/ simulated water system was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that BTA has good corrosion inhibition effect on brass. Al2O3 nanoparticles could reduce the corrosion inhibition performance of BTA. The higher the concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles in simulated water, the lower corrosion inhibition performance of BTA. The isothermal adsorption of BTA on brass surface in simulated water and Al2O3 nanofluids was analyzed. The results indicated that the adsorption of BTA on brass surface followed the Langmuirs' adsorption isotherm, the adsorption Gibbs free energy ΔG was less than -40 kJ/mol, corresponding to chemical adsorption, in both simulated water and Al2O3 nanofluids. The -ΔG value of BTA on brass surface decreased in Al2O3 nanofluids, indicating the weakening of the BTA adsorption on the brass surface. Surface analysis of brass samples by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction confirmed the above results.
