Sex Reassignment Surgery, Marriage, and Reproductive Rights of Intersex and Transgender People in Sunni Islam.

The traditional gender binary constitutes an integral aspect of Islamic social ethics, which has a pivotal role in shaping religious obligations, legal proceedings, and interpersonal judgments within Muslim communities. Within the familial sphere, this gender binary underscores fundamental responsibilities encompassing parenthood, filial duties, and inheritance rights. Recent years have witnessed a growing challenge to the traditional concept of the gender binary within Islamic societies. This shift is driven by increasing social libertarianism that emphasizes gender fluidity and individual choice. Hence, this article aims to critically scrutinize evolving discussions and controversies about the rights of intersex and transgender individuals, particularly issues relating to sex reassignment or gender-affirming surgery, marriage, and reproduction, from the perspective of the Sunni tradition of Islam. To support the various interpretations and insights presented here, a comprehensive and rigorous analysis is carried out on various religious texts and scholarly sources to elucidate the theological and jurisprudential positions on gender issues. It is thus concluded that Shariah offers greater flexibility in the treatment of intersex individuals compared to those with gender dysphoria because the intersex condition is viewed as a physical impairment that is not the choice of the afflicted individual. By contrast, in the case of individuals with gender dysphoria, they are willfully attempting to change their recognized biological sex, that God had naturally given to them at birth. Therefore, it is recommended that such transgender individuals deserve respectful psychological and social rehabilitation with help and guidance from religious authorities, their families, and communities.

In-vitro evaluation and in-silico studies applied on newly synthesized amide derivatives of N-phthaloylglycine as Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors.

Amide derivatives of N-phthaloylglycine were synthesized under Schotten Baumann reaction condition. The structures of synthesized compounds (4a-d) were characterized by using FTIR, 1HNMR and EI-MS. The compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro Butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and all of them exhibited good activity against this enzyme. Compound 4a (IC50 = 6.5 ±â€¯0.1) was found to be most potent compared with the reference compound Galantamine (IC50 = 6.6 ±â€¯0.00038) and the other compounds (4b,4c,4d) were also possess that activity and hence can be employed for the discovery of lead compounds against Alzheimer's disease. The depth analysis of the binding mechanism of these newly synthesized compounds inside the binding gorge of BChE, an in silico technique, molecular docking was performed. All the compounds were found to be well accommodated within the binding pocket of BChE. Compounds 4a, 4b and 4c showed hydrogen bonding interaction with binding site residue TYR332. Moreover, hydrophobic and π-π interaction assisted the compounds to attain their enzyme inhibitory activity. These theoretical studies showed significant correlation with experimental results.

Reinforcement of natural rubber hybrid composites based on marble sludge/Silica and marble sludge/rice husk derived silica.

A research has been carried out to develop natural rubber (NR) hybrid composites reinforced with marble sludge (MS)/Silica and MS/rice husk derived silica (RHS). The primary aim of this development is to scrutinize the cure characteristics, mechanical and swelling properties of such hybrid composite. The use of both industrial and agricultural waste such as marble sludge and rice husk derived silica has the primary advantage of being eco-friendly, low cost and easily available as compared to other expensive fillers. The results from this study showed that the performance of NR hybrid composites with MS/Silica and MS/RHS as fillers is extremely better in mechanical and swelling properties as compared with the case where MS used as single filler. The study suggests that the use of recently developed silica and marble sludge as industrial and agricultural waste is accomplished to provide a probable cost effective, industrially prospective, and attractive replacement to the in general purpose used fillers like china clay, calcium carbonate, and talc.

Two new coumarins from Murraya paniculata.

Two new coumarins, murrmeranzin (1) and murralonginal (2), together with four known compounds minumicrolin (3), murrangatin (4), meranzin hydrate (5) and hainanmurpanin (6) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Murraya paniculata. The structures of these compounds were determined through spectral analysis. Minumicrolin (3) showed mild butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity.