[Iodocasein in the prophylaxis of iodine deficiency in servicemen]. / Iodkazein v profilaktike ioddefitsitnykh sostoianii u voennosluzhashchikh.

To evaluate the efficiency of iodcasein in prophylaxis of iodine-deficient states in servicemen the following parameters were studied: iodine sufficiency determined by ioduria median; thyroid volume measured on the base of US data; functional state of hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid system evaluated by blood level of thyroid hormone and free thyroxin; physical performance assessed by veloergometric test, auto-and-verbal memory and attention change-over. Iodine deficiency was initially detected in 88.9% (main group) and in 94.4% (control group). Ioduria median corresponded to iodine deficit of middle severity in both groups. After the initial examination the persons from the main group were given iodized bread during 9 months. The monitoring results have confirmed the efficiency of iodine prophylaxis with the use iodcasein.

Iodine deficiency, radiation dose, and the risk of thyroid cancer among children and adolescents in the Bryansk region of Russia following the Chernobyl power station accident.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the joint effect of iodine deficiency and radiation exposure on the risk of thyroid cancer. No epidemiological studies have been published assessing the modifying effect of iodine deficiency on radiation-induced thyroid cancer following the Chernobyl accident. METHODS: A population sample of 3070 individuals (2590 ages 6-18, and 480 adults) from 75 settlements in the most highly contaminated regions of the Bryansk Oblast of Russia was identified and sampled for urinary iodine measurements in 1996, and iodine deficiency in each geopolitical unit (raion) was estimated. All cases of thyroid cancer were identified in those born 1968-1986 who were resident in the study area in May-June 1986 (34 histologically confirmed cases). The risk of thyroid cancer was examined in relation to population estimates of thyroid radiation dose and urinary iodine excretion level. RESULTS: The excess relative risk (ERR) of thyroid cancer was significantly associated with increasing thyroid radiation dose, and was inversely associated with urinary iodine excretion levels. There was a joint effect of radiation exposure and iodine deficiency. At 1 gray (Gy), the ERR in territories with severe iodine deficiency was approximately two times that in areas of normal iodine intake. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that elimination of iodine deficiency in areas affected by Chernobyl may be important in reducing the effects of radiation exposure on the thyroid. If confirmed by studies based on individuals, they may have implications for the use of stable iodine in the case of population exposure to radioactive iodine.

[Correlation between endemic iodine deficiency and radiation-induced thyroid cancer in children and adolescents]. / Vliianie iodnoi éndemii na razvitie radiogennogo raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy u detei i podrostkov.

A correlation between iodine excess and deficiency, on the one hand, and excessive relative risk (ERR) of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents following Chernobyl disaster, on the other, was investigated in a cohort of 119,785 patients born in 1968-1986. Thirty-four cases of thyroid cancer were registered within 12 years after the accident. Tumor-promoting effect of iodine deficiency was established. The ERR of thyroid cancer in the young patients suffering from severe iodine deficiency was almost twice as high as in healthy subjects.

[The frequency of chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of children with thyroid diseases living in Bryansk Province]. / Chastota aberratsii khromosom v limfotsitakh detei s zabolevaniiami shchitovidnoi zhelezy, prozhivaiushchikh v Brianskoi oblasti.

The number of unstable chromosome aberrations was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 children with thyreopathology living in Klintsy (Bryansk Province); the mean age was 14 years. The number of dicentric chromosome is determined to be (0.18 +/- 0.07) per 100 cells and is significantly higher than that in cells from healthy children of Klintsy and Moscow (control). There was no differences in the frequency of other types of chromosome aberrations as well as of aberrant cells.

[The cytogenetic examination of different groups of children living in regions of Bryansk Province contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe obsledovanie razlichnykh grupp detei, prozhivaiushchikh v raionakh Brianskoi oblasti, zagriaznennykh v rezul'tate Chernobyl'skoi avarii.

The frequency of chromosome aberrations (CA) was studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy children and children with thyreopathology living in the city of Klintsy, Bryansk Province (contamination level up to 5 Ci/km2), and two Moscow groups, respectively. We have observed the elevated number of dicentrics and acentric fragments in cell from children with thyreopathology with respect to those from healthy children living in Klintsy. This fact cannot be explained by influence of disease because there was no difference in cytogenetical markers between the groups of healthy children and children with thyreopathology from Moscow. The number of dicentrics was increased in cells from children with high level of internal contamination (more than 400 nCi) living in Krasnaya Gora (15-40 Ci/km2). It is proposed that the internal irradiation is more important for the CA induction. The symmetrical translocation analysis using the method of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) has shown the absence of this type of aberrations in cells from children with high level of internal irradiation whereas the translocations frequency in cells from control children was (1.1 +/- 0.4) per 1000 cells.

[Tumor markers MCA and CA-125 in the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer]. / Opukholevye markery MCA i CA-125 v diagnostike i monitoringe raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The value of MCA and CA-25 tumor marker assays for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer was analysed on the basis of measurements made in 320 healthy females and 85 breast cancer patients. A procedure for DK assay with anticipated specificity, sensitivity and reliability is described. MCA measurement was shown to be important for breast cancer diagnosis. The reliability of the latter test for diagnosing progression in the course of follow-up was 91%. Progression of the disease was shown to be associated with an increase in blood CA-125 level in 60% of cases.

[A method of studying carbohydrate metabolism]. / Metod issledovaniia uglevodnogo obmena.

A new method of studying carbohydrate metabolism is described. It involves glucose injection according to a certain glucose law, followed by measurement of the dynamics of its concentration in the peripheral blood and computation, based on the models suggested, of the quantitative characteristics of metabolism; compartment of glucose distribution, maximum assimilation of glucose from its supply, and so forth. The individual characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism are shown to change within broad ranges (from 0.92 to 0.11 g/min). Materials on the method reproducibility are provided.

[Neuro-autonomic mechanisms of the maintenance of blood oxygen balance in patients exposed to the effect of a gaseous hypoxic mixture]. / Neirovegetativnye mekhanizmy podderzhaniia kislorodnogo balansa krovi u bol'nykh pri vozdeistvii gazovoi gipoksicheskoi smesi.

The authors discuss the mechanisms of compensatory reactions of the human vegetative nervous system, its central and peripheral parts, in breathing a gaseous hypoxic mixture. Five types of neurovegetative reactions of the organism aimed at maintaining the oxygen balance in blood were distinguished. The interrelationship of values reflecting the activity of the central and peripheral parts of the vegetative nervous system in exposure to emergency effects is discussed.

[The autonomic reaction of the body to stress and its prognostic value]. / Neirovegetativnaia reaktsiia organizma na stressovoe vozdeistvie i eeprognosticheskoe znachenie.

Responses of the autonomic nervous system, its central and peripheral parts, in the human organism exposed to a hypoxic gas mixture were studied to reveal the relationship between the parameters indicative of the activity of the central and peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system in loading tests. The different autonomic responses of the organism to stress were of high prognostic value since they allowed for a preoperative assessment of surgical risks in surgical patients.

[The effect of normobaric hypoxia on the functioning of links in the endocrine system]. / Vliianie normobaricheskoi gipoksii na funktsional'noe sostoianie nekotorykh zven'ev éndokrinnoi sistemy.

The paper is concerned with the data on change in the blood level of ACTH, STH, TSH, cortisol, T3, insulin, C-peptide during a 25-minute session of respiration using a gaseous hypoxic mixture with 10% oxygen (GHM-10). The investigation was performed in 23 healthy volunteers. Change in the hormonal status, characteristic of a moderate stress-reaction, was observed in 60% of the examinees. It was found out that during a GHM-10 session a degree of change in function of the studied factors of the endocrine system showed correlation with change in the activity of the autonomic nervous system.

[Neuroleptanalgesia, surgical trauma and immunity]. / Neiroleptanalgeziia, operatsionnaia travma i immunitet.

Immune status and hormonal homeostasis have been studied in 26 patients with larynx cancer operated on (laryngectomy, extended laryngectomy) under neuroleptanalgesia. It has been established that 3 and 7 days after the operation there was a decrease in plasma cortisol level and an increase in B- and T-lymphocyte count and theophylline-resistant T-lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood. In 4 patients with postoperative complications (pharyngeal fistulas) there was a reverse correlation between cortisol content and B-lymphocyte count and T-lymphocyte blast transformation.

[Radionuclide evaluation of postoperative catabolism in breast cancer]. / Radionuklidnaia otsenka posleoperatsionnogo katabolizma pri rake molochnoi zhelezy.

The paper is concerned with the results of investigation of the body composition and albumin circulation using a method of whole-body radiometry, extracellular liquid volume--by a 40K-RP, the level of cortisol, T3, insulin, C-peptide in the blood plasma by a radioimmunoassay in 30 breast cancer patients. A decrease in cellular body mass, an increase in extracellular body mass and total body fat, a decrease in the sizes of all pools and albumin synthesis rate were revealed before the initiation of specific cancer therapy. Ten days after the discontinuation of therapy the above indices returned to normal.